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Detailed Guide to Identifying and Controlling Common Mushroom Diseases
I. Fungal Diseases 1. Brown rot. Also known as white rot and blister disease. The pathogen spores are brought into the mushroom house through casing soil and spread by air and insect pests. When the air in the mushroom house is not circulating and high temperature and high humidity occur, the disease is severe. A large amount of white mycelium forms on the mushroom bed. After infection, the stipe of the fruiting body swells into a blister-like shape, and in severe cases deformed mushrooms form, turning brown, or white flocculent spherical masses form in which the cap and stipe are indistinguishable. Control method: mainly disinfect the casing soil. Place the casing soil in an empty room, and fumigate at a ratio of 5 ml of formaldehyde plus 3 g
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How to prevent and control viral diseases in mushrooms? Detailed methods
Once a mushroom viral disease occurs, the harm is great. Not only does the yield of that year decline, but if the mushroom house is not thoroughly disinfected, it will also affect the harvest of the next year. After mushroom mycelium is infected with the virus, it cannot form fruiting bodies, and in severe cases the mycelium rots, causing large mushroom-free areas to appear on the bed. After mushroom buds are infected with the virus, the fruiting bodies develop abnormally; some caps show brown spots and the caps are lopsided; some caps have notches, the growth of the cap and stipe is unbalanced, the cap is extremely small or the stipe is extremely long; or the stipe is curved, with the lower part of the stipe tapered; or the middle of the stipe swells into a stalk-like shape
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What types of common pests and diseases affect mushrooms?
1. Spot type: mainly brown spot disease, where the surface of the fruiting body has white hair-like mycelium along with small brown spots; affected by it, the mushroom caps shrink, and some mushroom caps crack and dry out; there is also a type mainly characterized by rust spots, with rust-colored spots appearing on the mushroom stipes and caps, mainly caused by excessive humidity and poor ventilation in the shed. 2. Deformed type: mainly manifested as slender mushroom stipes and a well-developed, thick and strong root system, with an external form resembling coral in the sea, mainly caused by a lack of oxygen or poor ventilation in the greenhouse. 3. Spindly growth
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Mushroom Pest and Disease Control Methods and Technical Key Points
With the further development of the mushroom industry, standardizing mushroom pest and disease control has become very necessary. The following recommendations on mushroom pest and disease control are hereby proposed: 1. Mushroom pest and disease control must establish the principles of prevention first, integrated control, and scientific use of chemical agents. Specifically, the following should be done: 1. Conscientiously carry out environmental sanitation work in and around the mushroom house. The environmental sanitation of the mushroom house is crucial to the occurrence of pests and diseases. The following must be done: ① The mushroom house and its surroundings must be clean and hygienic, with thorough sterilization and disinfection. Chicken coops and pig pens should be kept away from the mushroom house. ② After the spring mushroom
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What are the integrated pest and disease control measures for mushrooms?
Mushrooms are the main cultivated edible fungus variety in Zhangpu County, Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province. However, pests and diseases have long plagued the vast number of mushroom growers. The integrated control measures are described below: (1) Strengthen cultivation management. 1. Disinfection of the cultivation house. For disinfection of the cultivation house, a mixed solution of formalin and dichlorvos can be used for fumigation. Before fumigation, first moisten the floor, walls, bed frames and daily tools by spraying, and seal up cracks. For every 100 sq m, use 1 jin of formalin and 150-200 g of dichlorvos in a pot, add 5 times the amount of water, then place it on a stove and heat. After lighting the fire
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How to prevent and control mushroom pests and diseases? These methods you need to master
1. Mushroom brown rot: also known as mushroom Mycogone perniciosa disease, bubble disease, white rot, etc. It is currently the most harmful disease in mushroom cultivation. In addition to harming mushrooms, it can also harm oyster mushrooms, straw mushrooms, silver ear fungus, reishi mushrooms, etc. The disease shows different symptoms at different developmental stages of mushrooms. When mushrooms begin to form small pinhead primordia (before fruiting body differentiation), they are susceptible to infection, forming hard, puffball-like irregular tissue masses. These are covered with a layer of white fluffy mycelium, which later darkens and finally turns dark brown, with dark brown droplets exuding from the diseased tissue. Small mushroom primordia beneath the casing soil can also
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Detailed Explanation of the New Technique for Cultivating Oyster Mushrooms with Sweet Potato Vines
Sweet potato, also known as red sweet potato or hongshao, has vines (dried) that contain 8.1% crude protein, 1% crude fat, 28.5% crude fiber, 1.55% calcium, 0.11% phosphorus, and trace amounts of lysine, methionine, isoleucine, and others. Sweet potato vines with appropriate supplements added can be used to cultivate oyster mushrooms, making them a good raw material for high quality and high yield. The specific method is as follows. 1. Raw material processing. After harvesting and digging up the sweet potatoes, transport the vines to the yard and chop them into 2-3 cm lengths, sun-dry them, and pack them in woven bags for later use. 2. Culture material formula. Use 10
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Technique for Cultivating Oyster Mushrooms by Combining Soybean Stalk Bags with Wall Cultivation
Using soybean stalks as the growing substrate and combining bag cultivation with wall cultivation to grow oyster mushrooms can reduce costs and increase benefits. Preparing the substrate: select dry, mold-free soybean stalks, sun-dry them for 2-3 days, then crush them. Substrate formula (by weight): soybean stalk powder 78%, wheat straw 10%, soybean cake 5%, cornmeal 2%, gypsum 1%, superphosphate 3.5%, urea 0.5%. Add 130 kg of water to the substrate, mix well, then pile it up for fermentation, turning the pile 3 times during fermentation. Bagging and inoculation: spread out the fermented
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Three Key Points for Winter Cultivation of Oyster Mushrooms
1. Mushroom Yard Selection: The ideal site for winter cultivation is a mushroom yard with heating and insulation conditions, such as an indoor mushroom house equipped with heating, a relatively warm underground mushroom yard, or a raised-bed mushroom yard using plastic greenhouse cultivation. The temperature of such mushroom yards can be kept above normal temperature, which is beneficial for mycelial growth and can also advance mushroom formation. Generally, for early winter cultivation, an outdoor mushroom yard can be chosen; for late winter cultivation, an indoor mushroom house is preferable. 2. Strain Selection: According to the arrangement of the fruiting period, winter-cultivated oyster mushrooms can be divided into two types: winter cultivation with winter fruiting and winter cultivation with spring fruiting. For the former, low-temperature-type varieties or medium-low
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Detailed Explanation of Insulation Methods for Winter Oyster Mushroom Cultivation
Winter cultivation of oyster mushrooms has a high success rate and is also a good opportunity for people to use their spare time to make money. However, winter temperatures are low, and cultivated oyster mushrooms either colonize slowly or fail to colonize for a long time, and deformed mushrooms are produced during the fruiting period. Heating with coal stoves not only increases costs but the coal gas can also cause poisoning symptoms in the mushroom bodies. Through practice, I have developed a method for winter oyster mushroom cultivation using bioenergy for insulation, which has the advantages of saving costs and being hygienic. The technique is introduced as follows: 1. Bag cultivation of oyster mushrooms should begin in late autumn. When the weather turns cold, have ready bags with half-grown mycelium
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