How to prevent and control viral diseases in mushrooms? Detailed methods

Once a mushroom viral disease occurs, the harm is great. Not only does the yield of that year decline, but if the mushroom house is not thoroughly disinfected, it will also affect the harvest of the next year. After mushroom mycelium is infected with the virus, it cannot form fruiting bodies, and in severe cases the mycelium rots, causing large mushroom-free areas to appear on the bed. After mushroom buds are infected with the virus, the fruiting bodies develop abnormally; some caps show brown spots and the caps are lopsided; some caps have notches, the growth of the cap and stipe is unbalanced, the cap is extremely small or the stipe is extremely long; or the stipe is curved, with the lower part of the stipe tapered; or the middle of the stipe swells into a stalk-like or jar-like shape; some mushroom bodies are water-soaked, and water exudes when the stipe is squeezed. The control measures are as follows:

1. Change varieties frequently during cultivation. Each variety must not be used continuously in the same area for more than 2 years, and various strains should be used alternately (referring to appressed type and aerial type), to avoid continuous cropping reducing the adaptability of the strain and causing it to become infected with the virus.

2. Before and after each cultivation, all mushroom sheds (houses) and tools must be disinfected with 5%% formaldehyde, and bromomethane fumigation disinfection can also be used. In particular, the bed frames and floor of old mushroom sheds (rooms) should be strictly disinfected.

3. Before cultivation, in addition to disinfecting the mushroom shed (room), shallowly bury 10~20 tablets of Wanxiaoling (available in hospitals) in the four corners. At the same time, after the compost is inoculated, cover the surface of the compost with newspaper, and spray the newspaper with 0.5%% formaldehyde twice a week until casing soil is applied.

4. In mushroom sheds where viral disease has been found, mushrooms must be harvested completely before the caps open, and 2%% formaldehyde should be sprayed for disinfection to prevent the spread of spores.