What types of common pests and diseases affect mushrooms?
1. Spot type: mainly brown spot disease, where the surface of the fruiting body has white hair-like mycelium along with small brown spots; affected by it, the mushroom caps shrink, and some mushroom caps crack and dry out; there is also a type mainly characterized by rust spots, with rust-colored spots appearing on the mushroom stipes and caps, mainly caused by excessive humidity and poor ventilation in the shed.
2. Deformed type: mainly manifested as slender mushroom stipes and a well-developed, thick and strong root system, with an external form resembling coral in the sea, mainly caused by a lack of oxygen or poor ventilation in the greenhouse.
3. Spindly growth type: a large amount of clumped aerial mycelium grows on the surface layer of the mushroom's mycelium, causing the oyster mushroom to show spindly growth. The occurrence of this phenomenon is mainly due to excessive humidity in the greenhouse, which affects the normal growth of the mushrooms.
In response to the several different types described above, the following measures should be taken to prevent the occurrence of mushroom diseases. First, during cultivation, be careful not to water too much, control the humidity in the shed, and ventilate promptly when humidity is too high. In addition, attention should also be paid to the purification and rejuvenation of strains, and the sterilization and disinfection of carriers.
In addition, some oyster mushrooms are harmed by mites (red spider mites), mainly manifested in the damage to the mycelium and fruiting bodies of the oyster mushrooms. Individual caps and gills are also harmed, causing many yellow concave spots to appear on the surface of the oyster mushrooms, affecting their quality and appearance. Moreover, in oyster mushroom production, after seed flies lay eggs at the base of the oyster mushrooms, a large number of larvae (also called maggots) hatch and harm various parts of the oyster mushrooms.
Control methods: Whether red spider mites or seed flies, both can be sprayed with 1.8% abamectin-chlorfenapyr 400 to 600 times dilution or 4% green vegetable treasure emulsifiable concentrate 400 to 600 times dilution.