Detailed Explanation of Jute Planting Methods and Technical Key Points

Jute (Latin botanical name Corchorus capsularis L) belongs to the Tilia family, genus Corchorus, a bast fiber crop, an annual herbaceous plant, favoring a warm and humid climate, a short-day plant, also known as fire hemp, green hemp, network hemp, water network hemp, wild kenaf, round-fruit jute, round-capsule jute, bitter hemp leaf, niunici, sanzhucao, tianzisu, hemp bone, etc. It is a long, soft, glossy plant fiber that can be woven into high-strength coarse filaments. Jute fiber is one of the cheapest natural fibers, second only to cotton in planting volume and breadth of uses, with characteristics such as good moisture absorption and rapid moisture loss, mainly used for weaving burlap sacks, coarse linen, etc. The fiber color ranges from white to brown, with a length of 1-4 m. Native to tropical Asia, it is widely cultivated south of the Yangtze River in China.

Cultivation methods

Planting conditions:

Jute is a tropical and subtropical crop, suitable for a high-temperature, humid climate above 20°C; the minimum germination temperature is 13-14°C, and it requires fertile soil with good drainage, preferably sandy loam. It is a short-day crop; long-fruit jute is more sensitive to daylength than round-fruit jute. In China, when excellent southern varieties are selected and introduced for planting in the north, the vegetative growth period can be extended and fiber yield significantly increased.

Because jute seeds are small and weak at emerging through the soil, creating a good soil environment at sowing is quite important. Generally, after the previous harvest, the land should be promptly plowed, finely worked and leveled. Round-fruit jute is sown from late March to early May, and long-fruit jute from late April to mid-May; the south is earlier than the north.

During the seedling stage, aboveground growth is slow, and the plants fear both waterlogging and drought, so frequent intertillage weeding and drainage for waterlogging prevention are needed, with early thinning and early final thinning. The bast tissue of the hemp stalk contains primary fibers and secondary fibers. Primary fibers come from the promeristem, and their fiber bundles are long, soft in texture and better in quality; secondary fibers differentiate from the cambium, and their fiber bundles are short and poorer in quality. Reasonable close planting can increase the proportion of primary fibers and improve fiber quality. For the number of effective plants per mu, about 14,000 plants for round-fruit jute and about 18,000 plants for long-fruit jute are suitable. From June to July, the plants enter the vigorous growth period, growing rapidly at about 5 cm per day, so topdressing should be applied early and heavily to promote long stalks. After budding and flowering, the plants enter the reproductive growth stage; when the plants are half flowering and half fruiting, about half a month after flowering, comes the harvest period for technical maturity. For seed production cultivation, either the original plant method or the cutting method is used for seed retention; the latter involves cutting off the top part of the hemp plant when it buds and rooting the cuttings for seed. Generally, when the capsules turn brown, they can be harvested and threshed.

Fertilization methods for high-yield jute:

1. Apply sufficient base fertilizer. According to the fertilizer requirements of jute, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the base fertilizer should account for 40%-60% of the total nutrients, and farmyard manure should account for 50%-60%. Farmyard manure should be applied before plowing, and spraying with New High-Fat Film can be combined to enhance fertilizer efficiency.

2. Apply seedling fertilizer as topdressing. During the jute seedling stage, urea can be applied as a seedling-strengthening fertilizer, or human or livestock manure can be diluted with water and applied lightly; combined with spraying New High-Fat Film, it can effectively prevent aboveground water from evaporating and seedling moisture from transpiring, isolate pests and diseases, shorten the seedling recovery period, and help the seedlings quickly adapt to the new environment and grow healthily.

3. Apply fertilizer for vigorous growth. This period is the ***most vigorous growth stage of jute, requiring large amounts of nutrients, so more fertilizer should be applied; combined with spraying Yaocai Gendaling, it helps transport the products of leaf photosynthesis (nutrients) to the root system, improve the nutrient conversion rate and soil-loosening capacity, make the rhizome expand rapidly, greatly increase the medicinal content, and thus make the fertilizer effect better.