Cauliflower, also known as cauliflower, broccoli or cauliflower, is an annual plant of the genus Brassica in the cruciferous family, also known as cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage flower, foreign cauliflower, ball flower cabbage. It originated on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean and was introduced to China around the early 19th century during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty. Cauliflower is a very popular vegetable, delicious in taste, high in nutrition, and also has high medicinal value. It is very rich in vitamin C and also has anti-cancer effects; its average nutritional value and disease-prevention effects far exceed those of other vegetables.
Cauliflower planting methods and management!
1. Site selection and land preparation: It is advisable to choose relatively fertile, well-drained sandy loam soil for planting, and flat land with plenty of sunlight is best. Cauliflower seeds are small, so land preparation must be meticulous and sufficient manure must be applied at the same time; carry out intensive cultivation, apply sufficient base fertilizer, and water thoroughly, so as to achieve sufficient soil moisture, strong soil, level ground, and soil free of diseases and pests.
2. Select suitable excellent varieties and sow at the right time; after preparing the land and sowing, spray the soil surface with a 600-800 times dilution of Xin Gao Zhi Mo, which can preserve soil moisture and prevent water evaporation, protect against sun and drought, keep warm and prevent freezing, prevent soil compaction, suffocate and isolate sources of diseases and pests, and increase the seedling emergence rate.
3. Fertilization, watering, weeding, and pest and disease prevention; water at any time to keep moist, fertilize reasonably, carry out intertillage and weeding, and spray targeted pesticides for pest and disease prevention, greatly improving the utilization rate of the effective ingredients of pesticides and fertilizers, not fearing evaporation under the sun, able to regulate water absorption, and preventing drought and rain damage.
4. The product organ of cauliflower is the curd formed by the aggregation of shortened flower branches, flower axes, flower buds, etc. The curd is both a reproductive organ and a nutrient storage organ. During the rapid elongation period of the shortened flower branches, spraying Zhuang Jing Ling can make the plant stems thick and strong and the curd plump; at the same time, it can enhance disaster resistance, reduce the amount of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, and lower residual toxicity. It is a vegetable with low crude fiber content, fresh and tender quality, rich nutrition, delicious flavor, and a strong natural taste.
Strengthen field management
1. Water management
Because its plants grow vigorously and tall, it requires more water. After the seedlings survive, the water supply during the seedling-promoting period should be combined with topdressing to give play to fertilizer efficiency, keep the bed surface moist, prevent water accumulation in the furrows, and promote deep and widespread root growth. In the early stage, the seedlings are relatively small; if there are typhoons, rainstorms or continuous rainy weather, the furrows should be kept unobstructed and drainage and waterlogging prevention should be carried out in time. The rosette stage and the early bud emergence stage require more water and fertilizer; if there is drought weather, furrow irrigation should be implemented, that is, run horse water irrigation, so as to keep the bed soil moist. In short, throughout the whole growth period, flooding irrigation, water accumulation and other factors affecting normal root growth should be avoided.
2. Reasonable fertilization
Cauliflower has a high fertilizer requirement. The rosette stage and bud stage require more nitrogen and an appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and during the peak growth period, trace element fertilizers such as boron and magnesium must also be applied. The 1st topdressing is 7-10d after transplanting, applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (22:6:18) compound fertilizer 150-225kg/hm2 or urea 75-120kg/hm2; after 7-10d, carry out the 2nd topdressing, applying 45% compound fertilizer 300-375kg/hm2 or nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (21:6:13) compound fertilizer 225kg/hm2 plus potassium sulfate 60-75kg/hm2, combined with intertillage and weeding, applying in holes and then earthing up; the 3rd topdressing should be completed before the rosette stage, applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (12:11:18) compound fertilizer 375-450kg/hm2 or diammonium phosphate 225kg/hm2 plus potassium sulfate 225kg/hm2, and after fertilizing, water thoroughly with clean water to avoid burning the leaves. If urea was used for the 1st topdressing, the 2nd and 3rd topdressings should focus on phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application. 15-18d after planting, carry out 1 foliar topdressing with 21% high-boron fertilizer 1 000-1 500 times dilution plus 50% trace element calcium fertilizer 800-1 000 times dilution. 30-40d after transplanting, carry out 1 foliar topdressing with 21% high-boron fertilizer 1 000-1 500 times dilution plus magnesium sulfate 100-200 times dilution; in case of continuous high temperature and drought weather, the number of sprays should be appropriately increased. In case of continuous rainy weather, after the rain, spray 60% trace element potassium fertilizer and magnesium sulfate 100-200 times dilution 1 time in time.
3. Fold leaves to shade the flower buds
From the emergence of flower buds to the gradual enlargement stage of cauliflower, if not covered, the surface of the flower buds is likely to turn pale yellow or purple, and even yellow hairs and small leaves may grow, reducing quality. Therefore, when the small curd grows to 6-8cm (that is, the size of a fist), the leaves should be tied to cover the curd and protect it from the sun. There are 3 methods: first, fold the inner leaves without breaking them and cover them over the curd; second, use straw to tie and bundle the inner leaves around the curd; third, after the small curd appears, twist the old leaves and fold them inward to completely cover the curd.