What fertilizer is needed for fertilizing edible mushroom cultivation?
What is needed for fertilizing edible mushrooms.
There are "four essentials" for topdressing edible mushrooms, and every farmer needs them.
In the late stage of edible mushroom fruiting, in order to strengthen the after-fruiting vigor, mushroom growers often add nutrient solution for topdressing. However, only by adopting the correct method of adding nutrient solution can the expected goal be achieved; otherwise, it will be counterproductive and bring losses to producers.
Attention should be paid to the method of addition. There are usually 3 methods for adding nutrient solution: spraying, soaking and hole irrigation.
The time for spraying nutrient solution is suitable when fruiting bodies appear in large numbers. When spraying, care should be taken that the nozzle is not directly facing the fruiting bodies, and at the same time attention should be paid to the "four no-spray" rules: do not spray on young small mushroom buds, so as to avoid their "swelling to death"; do not spray on places where mushrooms have just been picked or where mushroom residues remain, so as to avoid causing bacterial diseases; do not spray when air humidity is too high; do not spray when pests and diseases are severe inside the mushroom shed (room).
The soaking method should be used for bag-cultivated edible mushrooms. After harvesting 1-2 flushes of mushrooms, if the cultivation bags are in a state of severe water shortage, they can be placed in the prepared nutrient solution to soak until they recover or approach their original weight. When using the soaking method to add nutrient solution, it is only necessary to place a heavy object on the fungus bags after they are immersed in the nutrient solution, but the soaking time must not be too long. If the fungus bags have lost too much water, they can be soaked several times.
The hole irrigation method is mainly used on mushroom beds, and can be adopted when the mushroom bed produces many mushrooms and water and nutrients are consumed excessively. The specific method is: punch holes in the mushroom bed at a hole spacing of 10 cm, flood the mushroom bed with the prepared nutrient solution, and cover with soil after adding the nutrient solution.
The concentration should be appropriate: if the nutrient solution concentration is too high, not only is it difficult for the mycelium to absorb it, but it will also hinder or even damage the mycelium; if the concentration is too low, the effect is not obvious and the goal of high yield cannot be achieved. The concentration of the nutrient solution should also be determined according to the water content of the culture material. If the water content of the culture material is relatively high, the concentration of the nutrient solution should be increased, the amount of water used should be reduced, and after adding the nutrient solution, ventilation should be increased. Conversely, the concentration of the nutrient solution should be reduced and the amount of water used should be increased.
The nutrients in the nutrient solution should be comprehensive: several nutrient solutions should often be used alternately, so that the nutrients obtained by the fruiting bodies are both comprehensive and reasonable. If hormones are used to stimulate the growth of edible mushrooms, they should be used after supplementing the nutrient solution.
Attention should be paid to changes in the environment: when the temperature reaches above 20°C, it is difficult for the mycelium to form high-quality fruiting bodies (except for high-temperature-type edible mushroom varieties), so nutrient solution may not be added. If the culture material has already been contaminated by miscellaneous bacteria, the miscellaneous bacteria must first be removed before adding nutrient solution. In order to prevent contamination by miscellaneous bacteria, a certain amount of bacteriostatic agent can also be added while adding the nutrient solution, so as to prevent the breeding and spread of miscellaneous bacteria.
Methods of addition. There are usually 3 methods for adding nutrient solution: spraying, soaking and hole irrigation. The time for spraying nutrient solution is suitable when fruiting bodies appear in large numbers. When spraying, care should be taken that the nozzle is not directly facing the fruiting bodies, and at the same time attention should be paid to the "four no-spray" rules: 1. Do not spray on young small mushroom buds, so as to avoid their "swelling to death". 2. Do not spray on places where mushrooms have just been picked or where mushroom residues remain, so as to avoid causing bacterial diseases. 3. Do not spray when air humidity is too high. 4. Do not spray when pests and diseases are severe inside the mushroom shed (room).
The soaking method is mainly used for bag-cultivated edible mushrooms. After harvesting 1-2 flushes of mushrooms, if the cultivation bags are in a state of severe water shortage, they can be placed in the prepared nutrient solution to soak until they recover or approach their original weight.
The hole irrigation method is mainly used on mushroom beds, and can be adopted when the mushroom bed produces many mushrooms and water and nutrients are consumed excessively. The specific method is: punch holes in the mushroom bed at a hole spacing of 10 cm, flood the mushroom bed with the prepared nutrient solution, and cover with soil after adding the nutrient solution.
Appropriate concentration. When the nutrient solution concentration is too high, not only is it difficult for the mycelium to absorb it, but it will also hinder or even damage the mycelium. When the concentration is too low, the goal of high yield cannot be achieved. If the water content of the culture material is relatively high, the concentration should be increased, and after adding the nutrient solution, ventilation should be increased. Conversely, the concentration of the nutrient solution should be reduced and the amount of water used should be increased. Commonly used nutrient solution concentrations are: urea 0.3%-0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, etc. The principle of "little but frequent" must be well grasped.