Are there pesticides with strong efficacy for controlling edible mushroom diseases and pests?
Are there pesticides with strong efficacy for controlling edible mushroom diseases and pests.
Diseases and pests are indeed an important factor affecting the yield and quality of edible mushrooms. Many mushroom growers believe that only pesticide control can solve the problem, so they try every possible way to find out whether there is a best pesticide. In fact, this idea is one-sided. Because edible mushrooms are a healthy food, pesticides should be used sparingly or not at all during production to ensure the safety and nutritional value of the product; relying one-sidedly on chemicals to control diseases and pests and not paying attention to comprehensive environmental management means that whether the mushroom house is new or old, the yield will inevitably become lower and lower.
Many factors affect whether the yield of edible mushrooms is high or low. First of all, start with selecting excellent spawn with strong vitality and stress resistance. Second, the substrate must be highly fresh, reasonably formulated and thoroughly sterilized; this is the foundation for high yield. In disease and pest control, emphasis should be placed on integrated control methods that combine prevention first, environmental control and physical control. Here are a few suggestions on the key points of disease and pest control in mushroom houses for reference:
1. Pay attention to managing the production environment and control the sources of diseases and pests. The mushroom house should be located in a place with a good environment, far from sources where diseases and pests breed; environmental sanitation inside and outside the mushroom house should be strengthened to prevent diseases and pests from breeding; prevention measures for the mushroom house should be strengthened, such as installing insect-proof nets, to block the channels through which diseases and pests enter the mushroom house; operators entering the workroom should change into work clothes and wear work caps and masks, and their hands should be disinfected to prevent pathogens and pests from being brought into the workroom.
2. Strictly disinfect the mushroom house to prevent disease and pest damage. Two methods can be used for disinfecting the mushroom house: first, fumigate with chemicals before the spawn bags enter the mushroom house; second, for an idle mushroom house in summer, remove the film and disinfect it by exposing it under the hot sun. Tools used should also be strictly disinfected; spent cultivation materials should be disposed of promptly, contaminated materials should be destroyed immediately, and other waste materials can be used as fertilizer, feed or raw material for biogas. Never pile them up randomly.
3. Strengthen mushroom house management to prevent the occurrence of diseases and pests. By regulating the temperature, humidity, ventilation, light and other conditions of the mushroom house, create an environment favorable to the growth of edible mushrooms and unfavorable to the reproduction and growth of contaminant fungi and insect pests, so as to prevent the occurrence of diseases and pests; in addition, install black light lamps in the mushroom house or use methods such as taking advantage of the phototaxis of pests to trap and kill them.
4. Strictly control the use of chemical pesticides. When chemical pesticides have to be used, it is essential to strictly use agents with high efficacy, low toxicity and low residue, and spraying pesticides during the mushroom fruiting period is strictly prohibited.
1. During the fruiting period, pesticides must be used very cautiously. Pesticides contaminating mushrooms will cause food contamination. At present, countries around the world are very strict in testing pesticide residues in food; pesticide residues will affect product quality and market competitiveness.
2. It is prohibited to directly use highly toxic agents such as organic mercury and organophosphorus pesticides for mixing into substrate or composting; pesticides with a long residual period, resistance to decomposition and irritating odor also must not be used on mushroom beds. Especially when mushrooms are present on the bed surface, it is absolutely prohibited to use agents that are highly toxic, have a long residual period or have an irritating odor.
3. For the control of edible mushroom diseases and pests, agents with high efficacy, low toxicity and low residue should be selected, and the type of agent and the concentration used should be chosen according to the target of control. For example, dichlorvos has fumigant and contact action and is especially effective against adult and larval mushroom flies and springtails, but it has poor killing power against mites; phoxim is a new type of organophosphorus insecticide with high efficacy, low toxicity and low residue. In addition to being especially effective against mushroom flies and springtails, it also has good contact action against mites, and its efficacy is superior to dichlorvos; if phoxim plus acaricide is used to control mites, the effect is superior to other pesticides. When applying pesticides, an appropriate concentration should be chosen. For phoxim plus acaricide, use a 500-fold dilution from the composting stage to before the fruiting period to prevent mites, but during the fruiting body development stage the concentration should be reduced to a 1000-fold dilution.
4. When using pesticides, first become familiar with the properties of the pesticide. Abusing pesticides can sometimes form a layer of toxic substances on the casing soil or the surface of the substrate, affecting mycelial growth and causing reduced yield.
5. Use botanical insecticides and microecological preparations as much as possible, such as pyrethrum, derris extract, yield-increasing bacteria and other preparations.
6. Protect natural enemies and do not abuse pesticides.