Detailed Explanation of Pollution-Free Green Production Technology for Edible Fungi
Preventing Degeneration of Edible Fungi
Preventing strain degeneration can increase yield, reduce the occurrence and development of pests and diseases, and decrease pesticide application, which is the foundation for producing pollution-free edible fungi.
1. The ambient temperature for culturing spawn must not exceed 28°C. In addition, properly cultured spawn should not be stored at room temperature for more than half a month.
2. Properly control the spawn-running time and temperature of the culture medium to prevent the destruction of nutrients, and the pH must be suitable.
3. The culture medium should be changed frequently; for example, culture medium materials such as peptone, wheat bran, and potato should be used alternately.
4. The stock spawn should not be used up all at once; it should be taken in portions, and the remainder should be stored at low temperature to prevent excessive subculturing.
5. Each year, select large, normally growing, robust fruiting bodies free of pests and diseases for one tissue isolation, selecting the superior and eliminating the inferior, to expand inoculation and growth.
Integrated Pest and Disease Control
Strengthening the comprehensive management of edible fungus cultivation and creating an environment suitable for the growth of edible fungi but unfavorable for the reproduction of pests, diseases, and contaminant microorganisms is the key to producing pollution-free edible fungi.
Brief Introduction
1. Maintain Good Environmental Hygiene
Spawn production and operating personnel must establish a regular cleaning and hygiene system, continuously remove dirt and apply chemical disinfection. Mushroom houses, tools, and all indoor equipment must be cleaned and disinfected frequently. When entering and leaving the mushroom house, pay attention to the cleanliness of shoe soles and clothing, and it is best to change them promptly.
2. Selection of Disinfection Methods
Give priority to physical disinfection methods such as high-pressure steam sterilization, intermittent atmospheric-pressure sterilization, pasteurization, and ultraviolet lamp sterilization. For chemical disinfection, give priority to alkaline and phenolic agents. Avoid using disinfectants such as heavy metal salts.
3. Properly Handle Raw Materials
Edible fungus culture materials must be protected from moisture, mildew, or breeding pests. For the stacking and storage of sawdust, straw, horse manure, etc., plastic film or felt should be laid underneath to prevent moisture, and the top should be well covered to prevent rain or debris from falling in. Rice bran, wheat bran, cake meal, etc. are prone to mold and should be stored in sealed containers. Culture materials must undergo high-temperature sterilization or fermentation and decomposition. After the culture materials are moved into the mushroom house, post-fermentation should be carried out; casing soil materials must be sterilized with steam or formalin.