How to prevent and control edible mushroom pests? Detailed explanation of eight techniques

1. Mushroom flies, also called mushroom maggots, mainly feed on the fruiting bodies and create tunnels that affect quality, and the wounds they cause are also very easily infected by pathogens, leading to rot. To control mushroom flies, different methods should be used at different stages. If large numbers of mushroom maggots appear before fruiting, dichlorvos can be used for fumigation at 0.9 kg per 100 sq m, and at the same time each culture block can be sprayed with 0.15 kg of 1% potassium chloride or sodium chloride solution (5% salt water can be used as a substitute); if mushroom maggots cause damage after fruiting, low-toxicity pesticides such as derris extract, chlorpyrifos, and nicotine can be sprayed. In addition, ventilation should be strengthened and the temperature and humidity inside the shed adjusted to achieve control.

2. Mushroom mosquitoes cause the greatest damage in the larval stage. Besides boring and feeding on the surface of the culture material, some also spin webs that cover the mushroom buds, preventing the mushrooms from growing normally. Control method: after harvesting, spray trichlorfon at 500-800 times dilution, and at the same time add nylon mesh at the doors and windows of the mushroom shed to prevent adult insects from flying in to lay eggs and reproduce and cause damage.

3. Mushroom lice are a type of mite that mainly feeds on fruiting bodies and mycelium and causes damage. For control, first of all, the invasion of pest sources into the mushroom shed should be eliminated. Because they mainly come from various feeds in warehouses and feed rooms, when using warehouses, chicken coops, and similar places as mushroom cultivation rooms, they must be thoroughly disinfected, and the walls should be painted with lime, then fumigated once with dichlorvos before use; if mushroom lice are found during cultivation, cotton balls dipped in 50% dichlorvos can be hung for fumigation, or a 1% nicotine sulfate solution can be sprayed. Alternatively, items with a fishy smell such as pig bones can be sprayed with pesticides such as parathion and placed near the culture blocks to attract the mushroom lice onto them, then removed and burned.

4. Nematodes are a type of colorless small worm. The larvae attack the mycelium and fruiting bodies. At first the mushroom cap turns black, and later the entire fruiting body turns black and rots and gives off a musty odor. Control method: when steaming the material, the steam must fully contact the culture material to kill all nematodes. After fruiting, zinc sulfide at 50 mg/kg can be sprayed on the culture blocks for control.

5. Springtails are also called soot insects. They are often distributed on the surface of mushroom beds or in damp, dark places, biting and eating the fruiting bodies. If they appear before fruiting, dichlorvos at 1:1000 plus a small amount of honey can be used as a bait to kill them, or arsenious acid preparations or organophosphorus preparations can be smeared on sweet potato slices as bait. After fruiting, pesticides generally cannot be used directly. Fresh orange peel 0.25-0.5 kg can be cut into pieces, wrapped in gauze, and squeezed to extract the juice; after adding 0.5 kg of warm water, spray at a 1:20 ratio 2-3 times, and the control effect can reach more than 90%.

6. Slugs are commonly known as. They are photophobic and afraid of heat, hiding during the day under bricks, stones, and in soil cracks, and coming out one after another after dusk to feed and cause damage. Control method: rice bran or soybean cake mixed with 2% calcium arsenate or aluminum arsenate can be made into poisonous bait to trap and kill them, or a 15-20 times sodium chloride solution can be sprayed on the ground to repel adults. From 9 to 10 at night, manual collection can be carried out.

7. Thrips adults are black, small, slightly flattened, with protruding compound eyes, and nymphs are orange-red. They mainly suck the sap of the mushrooms, and in severe cases can cause the mushrooms to shrink. Control method: spray with 40% dimethoate emulsion at 1500-2000 times dilution, or spray with 90% trichlorfon or 50% malathion at 1000-1500 times dilution; the control effect can reach 80%-90%.

8. For mole crickets, poisonous bait has the best trapping and killing effect. The formula is 50 g trichlorfon, 1500 g rice bran or wheat bran fried until fragrant, 50 g sugar, and 250 mg white vinegar, fully mixed and then scattered on the ground; mole crickets and mosquito-like insects die immediately after eating.

9. Other pests such as false ground beetles, wood-boring beetles, and four-spotted leaf beetles can be sprayed with derris extract at 500-800 times dilution or 80% dichlorvos at 1000-1500 times dilution, and all can achieve relatively good control effects. Termites are a major pest in the south, mainly damaging fungi such as Fuling. Digging out nests to destroy termites is an effective method to avoid or reduce termite damage. In addition, the tree-of-heaven branch method can also be used: dig a small ditch around the mushroom shed, place fresh tree-of-heaven branches evenly in the ditch, and cover them with soil; this has a strong repellent effect on termites.