What are the control methods for wet bubble disease in edible fungi?

I. Symptoms When mushroom fruiting bodies are infected by Mycogone perniciosa, fruiting body differentiation is blocked, forming deformed mushrooms. If infection occurs after the stipe and cap have differentiated, the stipe turns brown. If infection occurs at the late stage of fruiting body development, the fruiting body shows angular light brown spots, and no fungal hyphae are visible. If diseased mushroom tissue remains on the bed, it gradually turns brown and exudes a brown liquid.

II. Control methods (1) For casing soil, use soil from 15 cm below the ground surface, which can prevent pests and diseases from the surface layer from being brought into the mushroom house. After the casing soil is brought back, sun-dry it in strong sunlight until dry, then moisten the soil particles evenly with a 0.1% formaldehyde solution, cover tightly with plastic film for 1 day, then spread it out to air for 1 day to let the formaldehyde volatilize before use. If steam sterilization is used for the casing soil, keep it at 65°C for 1 hour. (2) Mushroom house treatment. The mushroom house should be far from garbage dumps and pig and cattle sheds, etc. If the compost is subjected to secondary fermentation inside the mushroom house, steam can be introduced for disinfection in combination with pasteurization. If secondary fermentation is not carried out inside the mushroom house, formaldehyde can be used for disinfection, fumigating with 10 ml of formaldehyde and 2 g of potassium permanganate per cubic meter for 12 hours. (3) Before mushroom fruiting, evenly spray pesticide in the mushroom house and its surroundings, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of wet bubble disease. Commonly used pesticides include carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, thiabendazole, and wet bubble powder, etc., at a concentration of 500-1000 times dilution. (4) Treatment of diseased mushroom beds. If wet bubble disease occurs over a large area, stop watering immediately and dig out the diseased mushrooms and Mycogone perniciosa hyphal masses on the bed. Fumigate the mushroom house with formaldehyde for 1 hour; note that fumigation must not last too long. After fumigation, ventilate for 2-3 days, and after the bed surface is dry, evenly spray pesticide. If wet bubble disease occurs only slightly, promptly remove the diseased mushrooms and Mycogone perniciosa hyphal masses, and evenly spray pesticide on the affected areas. (5) Strengthen mushroom house management; under conditions of high temperature and high humidity, pay attention to ventilation and air exchange, and promptly dispose of removed diseased mushrooms.