What are the requirements for building a pollution-free mushroom farm for edible fungi
According to the requirements of the national pollution-free edible fungus production technical specifications, the following points are summarized.
1. Requirements for the surrounding environment of the production site. The production site should be chosen in a place with good ecological conditions, requiring no industrial waste, no specialized livestock and poultry farms, no garbage or manure sites, and no various sewage or other pollution sources within 1000 meters around it, such as cement plants, lime plants, coal yards, and so on. The production site should also be far from roads and hospitals, and avoid public places as much as possible.
2. Requirements for the air of the production site. When we apply for pollution-free edible fungus production certification, professional personnel will also come to test the air quality of the production site. For example, the concentration of suspended particulate matter in the air, the daily average concentration of sulfur dioxide, and so on. These indicators must all comply with national regulations.
3. Requirements for the water quality of the production site. A large amount of water is needed in the edible fungus production process, and water quality is also very important for the quality of edible fungi. To produce pollution-free edible fungi, water use must be strictly controlled. All production water must meet the requirements of the technical specifications, must have no peculiar smell or odor, must have no visible matter to the naked eye, and after testing by professional personnel, the fluoride content, mercury content, bacterial content, and so on must comply with national regulations.
4. Construction and equipment requirements for mother culture and stock culture production plants. Mother cultures and stock cultures are the foundation of edible fungus production. Mother culture and stock culture production plants can be laid out according to the process flow and should include a material storage room, an ingredient mixing room, a filling room, a sterilization room, a cooling and inoculation room, a culture room, and so on. They should have weighing tools, an autoclave, a steam generator or boiler, an inoculation box, culture racks, a refrigerator, an air conditioner, and other tools and equipment. The inoculation room is the center of the mother culture production plant, also called the sterile room, and the surrounding environment of the inoculation room must be clean. The inoculation room should be divided into two rooms, inner and outer. The inner one is the inoculation room, and the outer one is the buffer room. The floor, walls, and ceiling in the room should be flat and smooth so they can be wiped and disinfected. The room should be equipped with a workbench for placing common inoculation tools such as alcohol lamps. Above the workbench and on the ceiling of the buffer room, ultraviolet sterilizing lamps and fluorescent lamps that can be raised and lowered freely should be installed.
5. Requirements for the layout and construction of the cultivation site. The pollution-free edible fungus production site can be arranged in an overall design according to the production process, cultivation techniques, and so on, combined with the local terrain, natural environment, and transportation conditions, but the production area and the living area must be strictly separated. The production area also includes the raw material area, the composting and fermentation area, the inoculation area, the mushroom house, and so on, which should each be independent yet connected to one another. The composting and fermentation area should maintain smooth drainage systems, with a flat ground, no water accumulation, no dust, and maintained environmental sanitation.
6. Requirements for mushroom house construction. The mushroom house should be chosen on an open, flat site facing south, sheltered from the wind and exposed to the sun, and a place with convenient water supply and drainage, good ventilation, convenient transportation, and room for development should also be chosen. Depending on the different types of edible fungi, the cultivation methods in the mushroom house are divided into many modes, such as fixed shelf cultivation and ground bed cultivation, but no matter which mode is adopted, the following requirements must be met: the overall structure of the mushroom house should be conducive to the cultivation management and harvesting management of edible fungi, with basic facilities such as rain protection, sun shading, wind blocking, and heat insulation. The ground should be solid and flat, with convenient water supply and drainage, good ventilation and airtightness, ensuring the requirements of edible fungi growth for natural scattered light. The mushroom house should be moderate in size, and the internal structure should suit the requirements of the cultivation method. Facilities in the cultivation site such as processing of raw and auxiliary materials for edible fungi, material mixing, cultivation environment control systems, ventilation and lighting should comply with relevant quality and safety standards to ensure personal health and safety. Pressure vessels such as boilers and sterilization pots can only be used after passing inspection by the relevant departments.