Why is raw material cultivation the first choice for edible mushrooms in winter?

To cultivate edible mushrooms such as oyster mushrooms and shiitake mushrooms in winter and achieve high yield, high efficiency, high quality and low consumption, start from the following aspects: There are many ways to cultivate edible mushrooms at a site, and in the cold winter, indoor heated cultivation is the most suitable. Indoor heating methods include pipe heating, coal stoves, etc. Considering cost and practicality, coal stove heating is the most effective; this setup is suitable for relatively cold regions and can achieve low cost, fast heating and convenient operation. When cultivating edible mushrooms such as oyster mushrooms in the low-temperature season, pest and disease damage is light, the contamination rate by competing fungi is low, and the high and stable yield performance is good; the mushroom bodies have large and thick caps, short stems, good color and texture, and high quality. In addition, there are few vegetables in winter, so it is easy to capture the market and obtain ideal returns.

The choice of raw materials is crucial. For example, the oyster mushroom is one of the easiest edible mushrooms to cultivate, with simple cultivation methods and diverse approaches, among which low-cost, easy-to-operate raw material cultivation is the first choice. Culture materials include raw material cultivation and cooked material cultivation. Raw material cultivation means the culture material has not undergone high-temperature sterilization, and generally adopts the method of stacking fermentation. That is, after mixing the culture material with an appropriate amount of water, pile it up, cover it with plastic sheeting, and let it heat up naturally. Each time the temperature at the center of the pile reaches 60°C, turn the material at the edges into the middle, continue stacking and covering, and let it heat up naturally again. After 3 times, it can be inoculated and bagged for cultivation. By controlling a certain carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and high-temperature environmental conditions, the reproduction of competing fungi can be effectively inhibited and the rapid growth of oyster mushrooms promoted.

Bagging: For bagged culture material, some people believe that small bags hold less material and have a short cycle, but the yield is low and labor costs are high; some people believe that large bags hold more material and have a high yield, but the cycle is long and the benefit is not actually high. In the bagging method, implement three layers of spawn and two layers of material, that is, spread one layer at each end and sandwich one layer of spawn in the middle, which is more suitable for intensive production.

For management, the fixed-position fruiting method can be adopted. Oyster mushrooms and others grow fruiting bodies from the oxygen-increasing holes reserved when bagging, which can effectively prevent mushroom buds from forming large numbers of shrunken ones due to competition for nutrients during growth, causing unnecessary loss of nutrients. With conventional open-mouth fruiting, the mushroom clusters are too large, there are many dead mushrooms, and the mushroom quality is poor. With the fixed-position fruiting method, however, the bag opening is not opened, and the water evaporation from the mushroom bag is low.