A detailed explanation of edible mushroom cultivation methods, easy for beginners to learn
There are many kinds of edible mushrooms, but the cultivation methods are basically the same, namely substrate preparation, sterilization, fermentation and inoculation, mycelial growth (some edible mushrooms require casing soil), fruiting (mushroom or wood ear formation), and harvest. Some species produce only one flush, while others can produce several flushes.
The key technical points for straw mushroom cultivation are introduced as follows:
1. Determination of cultivation time. Under natural conditions, it is usually scheduled from May to September, and cultivation begins when the average daily temperature reaches above 23°C. If the mushroom house has heating equipment and the room temperature reaches 28-32°C, year-round production can be achieved.
2. Site selection. At present, the main cultivation methods are outdoor bed cultivation and indoor shelf cultivation. Outdoor bed cultivation is a commonly used method for open-field outdoor production.
3. Raw material storage. For rice straw, choose as much as possible straw from single-crop late rice or continuous-cropping late rice, and it must be dry and free of mold and rot. According to the substrate formula and production scale, calculate the required amounts of reserved raw materials such as lime, wheat bran, dried cow dung, and superphosphate.
4. Pretreatment and fermentation of the substrate. Pre-wetting: add lime powder to a water tank or other container to make a 2% lime solution, soak the rice straw in the tank for 3-6 h, let the straw become thoroughly wet, then remove it and mix in the remaining auxiliary materials, then pile it into a straw heap on the ground and cover it with plastic film so that the moisture permeates evenly. Loading onto shelves: spread the pre-wetted rice straw onto the shelves, using the tile-overlapping method of laying material, with the thickness preferably 25-30 cm after compaction. Then sprinkle water layer by layer until water drips down from each layer. After the rice straw is loaded onto the shelves, lower the surrounding plastic film to help retain heat. Pasteurization: immediately after the rice straw is loaded onto the shelves, raise the temperature so that the room temperature inside the mushroom shed reaches 66-75°C and the temperature of the middle layer of material reaches about 63°C, then stop heating after maintaining this for 8-10 h.
5. Spawning and mycelial growth management.
6. Fruiting management and harvesting.
Summary: The above content is an introduction to edible mushroom cultivation methods compiled for everyone, and we hope it can help those who need it.