Analysis of countermeasures and measures for the development of edible mushroom production

1. Development countermeasures

1.1. Accelerate the pace of development and strive to expand the planting scale of manure-and-straw edible mushrooms such as the button mushroom.

It is necessary to continuously raise the level of edible mushroom cultivation and management technology, increase yield and efficiency, and let mushroom farmers receive real benefits. If button mushrooms are grown in autumn and winter, the mushroom sheds and mushroom houses should be fully utilized in summer and autumn to cultivate high-temperature manure-and-straw fungi such as Agaricus blazei and straw mushroom, so as to increase the utilization rate of mushroom sheds (houses). To develop button mushroom production, while expanding the vegetable and mushroom market, it is necessary to rely on button mushroom processing enterprises to process brined mushrooms and solve the problem of selling fresh mushrooms. In terms of development strategy, first concentrate efforts on developing specialized townships, specialized villages and specialized households, then gradually promote development across the board, and at the same time promote the yield and efficiency of button mushroom cultivation in standard mushroom houses.

1.2. Transform cultivation methods and vigorously develop soil-covered field cultivation of shiitake.

First, it is necessary to make full use of the favorable conditions of high-altitude mountainous areas to accelerate the pace of development and expand the planting scale; second, transform cultivation methods, change the traditional vertical-log shaded-bed cultivation method, and promote soil-covered field cultivation of shiitake to improve the quality and efficiency of shiitake. Those growing wood ear mushroom must also change vertical-log bed cultivation and promote wall-type cultivation to increase yield and efficiency per unit area.

1.3. Strengthen demonstration and guidance and accelerate the pace of development of rare edible mushrooms. With the edible mushroom demonstration farm as the leader and technical support, facing the Guangdong market, give priority to promotion and development in townships (towns) with relatively convenient transportation, and expand the planting scale.

1.4. Actively carry out experimental demonstrations and explore the development of off-season button mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, king oyster mushrooms and other edible mushrooms.

Explore the development of off-season rare edible mushrooms such as off-season enoki mushrooms and king oyster mushrooms cultivated with cold-air temperature-controlled facilities. Explore the development of off-season button mushrooms in high-altitude mountainous areas.

2. Measures:

2.1. Effectively increase investment and accelerate the pace of development.

First, increase funding for science and technology extension, intensify the introduction and promotion of new varieties and new technologies, strengthen edible mushroom production technology training, and carry out the construction of high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation demonstration sites. Second, effectively increase investment in production funds, technical planting scale; production investment funds should adopt methods such as "farmer self-funding, government support, credit support, and introduction of foreign capital" to raise development funds through multiple channels. Government support funds are mainly used to support leading enterprises, large growers, and the introduction and demonstration promotion of new mushroom strains and new technologies. Strive for the support of financial and credit departments, implement methods such as joint-household guarantee and small-production credit to help solve the problem of insufficient funds for mushroom farmers, and make full use of various opportunities to introduce foreign capital.

2.2. Cultivate and strengthen leading enterprises and strengthen the driving function of leading enterprises.

Leading enterprises are the bridge and link that drive farmers into the market. It is necessary to actively create conditions, formulate incentive measures, create a relaxed environment, effectively help solve the difficulties and problems existing in the development of leading enterprises, and vigorously support leading enterprises in continuous development and growth.

2.3. Rely on scientific and technological progress and focus on improving the scientific and technological content of the edible mushroom industry.

(1) Strengthen technical strength and improve the technology extension system. (2) Intensify the introduction and demonstration promotion of new varieties and new technologies, actively introduce new mushroom strains and isolates of shiitake and wood ear mushroom as well as new strains of rare edible mushrooms, vigorously promote soil-covered field cultivation technology for shiitake, high-yield cultivation technology for button mushrooms, and high-yield cultivation technology for various rare edible mushrooms, and promote the transformation of edible mushroom production from quantity-oriented to quality-oriented. In the post-production processing links of fresh-keeping and processing, introduce new technologies and new processes, carry out deep fresh-keeping processing, improve packaging, and raise the grade of mushroom products. (3) Establish an edible mushroom industry science and technology service center to provide mushroom farmers with various materialized science and technology product services. (4) Strengthen technical training and improve the cultivation and management technology level of the vast number of mushroom farmers, so as to ensure that for every household developed, one household succeeds and one household increases income.

2.4. Do a good job in demonstration models and fully mobilize farmers' enthusiasm for growing mushrooms.

In newly developed areas, edible mushroom production must establish demonstration sites, set up demonstration models, and provide farmers with on-site visits and learning, so that farmers can see the actual results personally.

2.5. Demonstration guidance and brand building

According to market demand and regional characteristics, actively carry out the demonstration construction of pollution-free facility cultivation of high-quality rare edible mushrooms, and give play to the radiating and driving role of demonstrations. Continuously improve the quality and brand awareness of edible mushrooms, seek efficiency through quality, and occupy the market through brands; focus on building one edible mushroom brand and realize resource sharing.

2.6. Upgrade technology and innovation system

Do a good job in technical training for mushroom farmers, especially newly developed mushroom farmers, establish a technical service backbone team, and actively carry out pest and disease control and the research, development, promotion and application of new technologies for good varieties and good methods. Actively explore and practice a scientific "company + farmers" system, optimize mechanisms, and establish and improve a good innovation system for industrial development.

2.7. Expand processing and cultivate markets

Implement market-oriented operation, guide mushroom farmers, brokers and non-local merchants to set up brined mushroom processing plants, and continuously expand the production capacity of existing processing enterprises; actively develop vacuum-packaged mushrooms and other related industries to extend the industrial chain. Establish and improve the information service system, cultivate and strengthen the broker team, and strengthen the construction of sales markets and news publicity and guidance for consumer markets.

2.8. Expand sales and full-process services

Actively contact people doing business outside and domestic listed enterprises engaged in deep processing of edible mushrooms, establish sales networks in large and medium-sized cities, and carry out chain operations; strengthen leading enterprises, develop order agriculture, and implement industrialized operation. Effectively do a good job in building a socialized service system for the three links of "pre-production, mid-production and post-production", and strive to create a good environment conducive to industrial development. Follow the development path of the "four modernizations" of science and technology, industry, scale and brand, promote the "green food" brand, and realize a pollution-free national dining table.

3. Key construction content

3.1. Demonstration of pollution-free facility cultivation of rare edible mushrooms;

Establish pollution-free edible mushroom science and technology demonstration farms, including 2 demonstration farms with an annual cultivation scale of more than 1 million standard bags (200,000 sq m), and 6 demonstration farms with an annual cultivation scale of less than 1 million standard bags (200,000 sq m) and more than 600,000 standard bags (100,000 sq m); 3 pollution-free edible mushroom processing science and technology demonstration farms, and 1 green edible mushroom processing science and technology demonstration farm, with an annual processing of 20,000 tons of fresh edible mushrooms. The 8 edible mushroom science and technology demonstration farms cultivate 15 million standard bags of edible mushrooms annually, accounting for more than 60% of the county's total edible mushroom cultivation.

3.2. Build an 800-ton controlled-atmosphere cold storage warehouse for high-quality edible mushrooms

Use the controlled-atmosphere cold storage warehouse to keep high-quality edible mushrooms fresh under refrigeration, improve the export quality and commodity rate of edible mushrooms, and thereby drive the edible mushroom industry to develop toward an export-oriented economy.

3.3. Establish a production line for liquid spawn of rare edible mushrooms with an annual output of 300 tons

Liquid spawn culture vessels and supporting production processes have eight major technical advantages: low production cost, short time, fast germination, fast growth, high purity, low contamination, good quality and automation. According to estimates, compared with traditional solid spawn, production cost is saved by more than 50%, the miscellaneous bacteria infection rate is reduced by 4%, biological efficiency is increased by 4.25%, spawn-making time is shortened by more than 66%, and spawn-making efficiency is doubled.

3.4. Build a good fast-growing and high-yield mushroom timber forest base

Establish a fast-growing and high-yield mushroom timber forest base to ensure the raw materials needed for the development of the edible mushroom industry, so as to alleviate the contradiction between mushrooms and forests and promote the sustainable development of the edible mushroom industry.