What are the integrated pest and disease control measures for edible fungi?
The unique production methods of edible fungi and the fruiting body tissue structure that differs from higher plants require producers not to spray chemical agents during the fruiting body growth stage, and to put "prevention" first. Adopt the policy of "prevention first, integrated control", reduce the use of chemical pesticides, improve the level of product quality and safety, and adopt integrated control measures to control pest and disease damage.
In view of the cultivation characteristics of edible fungi, their integrated pest and disease control measures mainly include:
Cut off the transmission routes of pests and diseases. In edible fungus cultivation, there are three sources of pests and diseases: first, spawn carrying insects and pathogens; second, the culture substrate and casing soil carrying insects and pathogens; third, natural transmission inside and outside the mushroom house (shed). Cutting off these three transmission channels is the top priority of integrated pest and disease control.
Environmental control to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. 1. Lower the substrate temperature: for example, keeping the spawn-running substrate temperature of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) below 21°C can effectively control Diehliomyces microsporus; keeping the spawn-running temperature of enoki mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) below 20°C; keeping oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) bags below 20°C can prevent bag contamination. 2. Strengthen ventilation and air exchange. Ventilation and air exchange is the best way to disinfect air. Never create a stuffy and damp fruiting environment; no ventilation has a hundred harms and not a single benefit. 3. Light regulation. Different varieties have different light intensity requirements. For example, button mushroom should be somewhat darker, while white lingzhi mushroom (Pleurotus nebrodensis) needs stronger light.
Agronomic control measures. Different soils have different microbial flora, and different ecological environments have different biological communities. Practice shows that soil-shed cultivation is generally good in the first year and poor in the second year, because the ecological environment of the soil shed becomes worse and worse, that is, there are more pathogens, more pests, and the air quality is also poor. For this reason, ecological conditions must be improved, the fruiting environment optimized, and the occurrence of pests and diseases reduced and lowered.
Chemical control. Chemical control is generally used for preventive measures. During the fruiting period, chemical control is prohibited, because the tissue structure of the fruiting body easily produces pesticide residues, affecting consumption and export. Therefore, during the fruiting period, chemical control is prohibited. Even if it must be used as a last resort, it can only be sprayed before fruiting, and it is best to use plant preparations, bitter alkaloids, etc. Xiang Ban