Detailed Explanation of the Preparation Technology for Mushroom Spawn (Cultivation Spawn)
We studied 9 mushroom species, and finally determined that the straw-decomposing fungus Agaricus bisporus (button mushroom) is one of the pathways for utilizing rice straw. The key cultivation techniques for Agaricus bisporus are as follows.
I. Cultivation Facilities
From a comparative study of 5 different cultivation facilities in the Beijing area, it was concluded that the simple bamboo-and-wood structured multi-layer shelf-type mushroom shed is currently the mushroom shed that is easy to promote in the Beijing area.
II. Comparative Study of Mushroom Spawn Formulas Through a comparative study of 5 different formulas for primary spawn, it was concluded that the formula with added glucose produced the best mycelial growth.
Through a comparative study of 4 formulas for secondary and tertiary spawn, the best formula was selected as: wheat grains 9 kg, decomposed manure 1 kg, gypsum powder 0.1 kg, lime powder 0.01 kg, an appropriate amount of water, pH value 7.5, and after bottling, covering each bottle with 15 g of decomposed livestock manure. With this formula, mycelial growth is the best.
III. Composting of Cultivation Material in Winter In order to turn urban agricultural by-product rice straw from waste into treasure, and to enable rice farmers to grow Agaricus bisporus in their spare time to increase income, it is very important to solve the problem of winter cultivation material. In the study, on the basis of the original production composting, certain measures were added, and under natural temperature conditions of -7 to 5°C in winter, pure organic cultivation material was successfully composted, providing experience for Agaricus bisporus and other mushrooms that use composted cultivation material in year-round production.
IV. Casing Materials
The comparison results of 5 different casing materials before fruiting showed that: Haidian District's peat soil is the best casing material for Agaricus bisporus, while Northeast peat is too loose and not suitable for use alone.
V. Light
In actual production, excessively strong light often occurs, causing the quality of fruiting bodies to decline or lose commercial value. For this reason, we conducted research on the effects of different light levels on fruiting bodies, and determined the light index as follows: 0-600 lux is the suitable light intensity, 20-80 lux is the optimal light intensity, and 800 lux is the maximum critical value.