How to fertilize edible mushrooms scientifically? Detailed methods and key points

Edible mushrooms are large fungi that can be eaten by humans. The edible mushroom industry has become an important industry in China's crop farming. The domestic market potential is huge. Correct fertilization is an important measure for achieving high yields of edible mushrooms and improving their quality. The role of fertilization is to supplement and adjust nutritional components, creating favorable conditions for continued high yields of edible mushrooms. So how do you fertilize edible mushrooms scientifically?

1. Fertilizing the cultivation substrate

Today's cottonseed hulls have very low water absorption and lack nutrients. If no additional nutrients are added, it is very difficult to increase yield, which is the reason many mushroom farmers currently report that yields are far lower than before. Fertilization of the cultivation substrate should be based mainly on organic fertilizers, and the amount of chemical fertilizers used can be relatively smaller. Organic fertilizers have comprehensive nutrients and can provide all-around nutritional supply for the growth of edible mushroom mycelium, especially in the late fruiting stage, where this is particularly evident. The components of chemical fertilizers are substances that are easily absorbed and used by mycelium, and they can be applied together with organic fertilizers.

The organic fertilizers commonly used for edible mushrooms include livestock and poultry manure, soybean cake, cottonseed cake, cornmeal, wheat bran, rice bran, etc. Depending on the nitrogen content of the raw materials, 10%-30% can be added. Chemical fertilizers generally include monopotassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, urea, compound fertilizer, special fertilizer for edible mushrooms, etc. The amount added is generally 0.1%-0.5%, and too much must not be added, otherwise it will lead to poor mycelium growth.

2. Fertilizing with nutrient solution after fruiting

In the late fruiting stage of edible mushrooms, the nutrients in the cultivation substrate can no longer provide all-around nutritional supply for the growth of edible mushroom mycelium, so mushroom farmers often adopt various methods to add nutrient solution to supplement nutrients. There are generally 3 ways to add nutrient solution for edible mushrooms: spraying, soaking, and hole irrigation. The time for spraying nutrient solution is suitable when fruiting bodies appear in large numbers. When spraying, note that the nozzle should not point directly at the fruiting bodies,

At the same time, also note the "four no-spray" rules:

① Do not spray on young mushroom buds, to prevent them from "swelling to death."

② Do not spray on places where mushrooms have just been picked or where mushroom remnants remain, to prevent causing bacterial diseases.

③ Do not spray when air humidity is too high.

④ Do not spray when pests and diseases in the mushroom shed are severe.

The soaking method is mainly used for bag-cultivated edible mushrooms. After harvesting 1-2 flushes of mushrooms, if the cultivation bags are in a severely water-deficient state, they can be placed in a prepared nutrient solution to soak until they recover or come close to their original weight.

The hole irrigation method is mainly used on mushroom beds. This method can be used when the mushroom bed produces many mushrooms and water and nutrients are consumed excessively. The specific method is: make holes in the mushroom bed at a spacing of 10 cm, flood the mushroom bed with the prepared nutrient solution, and cover with soil after adding the nutrient solution.

3. Issues to note when fertilizing:

First, adopt different fertilization methods for different species; if the method is applied improperly, the effect will be counterproductive;

Second, during fertilization, various fertilizers should be used alternately. For certain inorganic fertilizers with relatively simple nutritional components, this is especially important;

Third, fertilizer application should be appropriate. Do not apply too much at one time, or use too high a concentration of fertilizer solution, to avoid adverse effects on mycelium growth.

The commonly used nutrient solution concentrations are: urea 0.3%-0.5%, monopotassium phosphate 0.2%, etc. Be sure to master the principle of "less but frequent"; fourth, various fertilizer solutions should be prepared and used immediately, and must not be left for a long time, to prevent the fertilizer solution from deteriorating.