Four regulation measures for greenhouse edible fungi in winter must be done carefully

Jingchu Net news (Rural New Daily) In winter, temperatures are low, mycelia and fruiting bodies grow slowly, respiratory intensity is low, and edible fungi output is small, but the flesh is thick and the quality is good. Seizing the good opportunity of large market demand and high selling prices during the Spring Festival, and decisively taking measures to strive for high-yield, high-quality production of edible fungi can achieve relatively good economic benefits. According to the biological characteristics of edible fungus varieties, the production of greenhouse edible fungi should pay attention to the following four regulation measures:

1. Regulate temperature. The greenhouse temperature must be kept above 6°C, with around 15°C being the most suitable. ① Regulate it by adjusting the thickness of the covering on top of the greenhouse, such as using measures like two films sandwiching one straw mat, or double films with double straw mats; ② adopt the method of heating with a stove; ③ adopt a double-greenhouse system, that is, add a small arch greenhouse inside the large greenhouse, and the arch greenhouse uses black plastic film for a better effect.

2. Regulate humidity. Generally, edible fungus cultivation should maintain greenhouse humidity at 80—95%, with the suitable humidity being 90—95%. Below 80%, the growth of fruiting bodies will be hindered, while reaching 100% means poor ventilation and makes it easy to attract certain contaminating fungi and the like, so attention should be paid to humidity regulation in production. The regulation measures are to spray water daily on the air, ground, mushroom walls (beds, racks), and surrounding walls; water storage ditches can also be dug around the inside of the greenhouse or at the edges of the mushroom walls.

3. Regulate gases. At every stage of their growth, edible fungi absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide. Generally, edible fungi allow a carbon dioxide concentration in the air of about 0.05% (the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is 0.03%), and the maximum must not exceed 0.1%; if the carbon dioxide concentration is too high or too low, it can easily prevent the fruiting bodies from growing and developing normally, or cause deformed mushrooms, and in severe cases can trigger certain disease problems, so the carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse needs to be regulated. The regulation measures are: ① open the ventilation holes at noon, but the premise is not to make the temperature difference inside the greenhouse too large; ② when the outside temperature is above 5°C, lift the plastic film about 10 cm below the south side of the greenhouse, and the ventilation effect is very obvious. It should be noted that ventilation and heat preservation, and ventilation and moisture preservation, are two pairs of contradictions. As mentioned above, they should be correctly coordinated and resolved, and one must never attend to one thing and lose another, or let a small thing spoil a big one.

4. Regulate light. The mycelial growth of most edible fungi does not require light. During fruiting body development, most edible fungi require a certain amount of scattered light, such as shiitake mushrooms, wood ear mushrooms, and lion's mane mushrooms. Some cannot form fruiting bodies without light, or only grow stems without growing caps and do not produce spores, such as lingzhi, enoki mushrooms, and oyster mushrooms. The measures for regulating light include: ① open the ventilation holes and entrances and exits. ② Lift the straw mat along the north edge of the greenhouse top by 20—40 cm; roll up the straw mat at the southern edge of the greenhouse by 40 cm, or use thinner straw mats, etc. ③ Turn on lights for illumination. Turning on the lights when entering the greenhouse for operations and observation can basically meet the growth needs of fruiting bodies and serve the purpose of increasing production and income.