Detailed Explanation of Key Points of Efficient Fertilization Technology for Sugarcane
I. Key Essentials of Sugarcane Fertilization Technology
1. Deep plowing
When carrying out deep plowing, according to the principle of two plowings and two harrowings, the depth should be controlled within 50cm, the soil must be kept loose, and the depth of the sugarcane planting furrow should be within 30cm.
2. Shallow planting
When planting sugarcane, the depth of the covering soil is about 5cm.
3. Wide rows
The row spacing of each sugarcane plant is 90-100cm, which not only makes it convenient for planters to move in and out for field management, but also facilitates ventilation and air circulation.
4. Close planting
In the sugarcane planting furrow, 5—6 sugarcane seeds are sown every 100cm, and 3000—3500 double-bud seedlings of sugarcane seeds are sown per mu.
5. Applying sufficient base fertilizer
When fertilizing, it is best to apply farmyard manure. Apply 1000—2000kg of farmyard manure per mu. After 7-15 days, apply 100kg of superphosphate, 25kg of urea, and 15kg of potassium chloride composted into the sugarcane planting furrow.
6. Seed soaking
When selecting seeds for soaking, be sure to choose plump double-bud seedlings that are free of disease, pests, and damage. After selecting the seeds, soak them in 2% lime water (clean water is acceptable) for one to two days. This can improve the drought resistance of sugarcane seeds and, to a certain extent, play a role in eliminating pests and diseases.
7. Planting method
When planting, place them flat in the planting furrow with the buds facing the two sides. When returning soil to cover the seeds, first gently press the seedlings into the soil, then return the soil to facilitate root development.
8. Control of underground pests
When planting, apply two to three kilograms of Miral per mu, which can effectively prevent underground white grubs and sugarcane borer pests.
II. Two Types of Fertilization for Sugarcane
1. Base fertilizer
a. Before planting, apply 1-2t of decomposed farmyard manure per mu, together with 50kg of compound fertilizer or special fertilizer for sugarcane.
b. Apply 100kg of commercial organic fertilizer per mu, together with 100kg of compound fertilizer or special fertilizer for sugarcane. After the fertilizer is mixed and stirred with the soil, apply it into the planting furrow and then cover with soil.
Note: When fertilizing, never let the fertilizer come into direct contact with the seed stems, so as to avoid the occurrence of bud burning.
2. Topdressing
a. Fertilizer for promoting seedlings
When sugarcane grows three true leaves, in combination with light earthing up, apply 10kg of compound fertilizer or special fertilizer for sugarcane and 5kg of urea per mu. This helps sugarcane seedlings grow strong and ensures a full stand.
b. Fertilizer for promoting tillering
When sugarcane grows six true leaves, in combination with medium earthing up, apply 20kg of compound fertilizer or special fertilizer for sugarcane and 10kg of urea per mu. This is beneficial to sugarcane tillering, thereby ensuring the number of effective stalks.
c. Fertilizer for promoting stem growth
At the early stage of elongation, in combination with heavy earthing up, apply 30kg of compound fertilizer or special fertilizer for sugarcane per mu. This is beneficial for sugarcane to develop large roots, large leaves, and large stems.