Practical prevention and control of edible mushroom pests: these methods are very useful
1. Use fermentation or cooked-substrate cultivation as much as possible to limit the pest population in the growing area; the cultivation beds for button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) should use fermented substrate. When mixing the substrate, add 0.5% salt, 3% lime, 5-8% plant ash, etc., which has a good repellent and preventive effect.
2. Before the mushroom bags or substrate are brought into the shed, empty-shed disinfection must be carried out: spray-fumigate with 0.3% dichlorvos + 0.1% deltamethrin; or fumigate with aluminum phosphide at 10 g/cubic meter, sealing the mushroom house (shed), fumigating for 48 hours at around 20°C and for 24 hours above 25°C, with an insecticidal effect of up to 95-100% (note: aluminum phosphide is highly toxic, pay attention to safety when using it). It mainly controls mushroom nematodes, mushroom flies, mushroom mosquitoes, mites, etc.
3. When pests occur on the surface of bed-cultivated substrate, spray a 1-2% washing powder solution, which has a very strong contact-killing effect on mushroom flies, adult mites, and old and young mites.
4. Taking advantage of the habit of some pests of being active in light-transmitting, cool and shady environments, spray liquids such as miehailing onto light-transmitting plastic film, cover it on the bed, once or twice a day for 3-4 consecutive sprays, which can kill the adult flying insects.
5. Install several 15-watt light bulbs or black-light lamps in the pest-infested mushroom house, place a basin of water below, and drip kerosene into the water. This is extremely effective for trapping and killing adults such as mushroom mosquitoes, fungus mosquitoes, and black-bellied fruit flies.
6. Sugar-vinegar liquid trapping: mix sugar, vinegar, baijiu, dichlorvos, and water in a ratio of 2:3:4:1:90 to make a liquid medicine. Soak gauze or cotton balls in the medicine, wring them dry, and place them on the substrate surface. When the pests smell the sweet-and-sour odor, they crawl onto the medicated cloth or cotton and are poisoned to death.
7. Mix foods that pests like to eat with poison, for example, mix vinegar, sugar, insecticide, and roasted yellow bran in a ratio of 1:5:10:84, and scatter it around the mushroom bed and on the substrate surface to let them feed; for pests such as mushroom flies, mushroom mosquitoes, and nematodes, you can also evenly scatter a layer of plant ash + pyrethrum (1 g/sq m) on the substrate surface for 2-3 consecutive days, with very good results, as it can both control pests and prevent disease.
8. In low-temperature seasons, for pests such as mites in the beds, you can adopt the method of first concentrating them and then killing them: on a sunny morning, first spray a round of sugar-vinegar liquid on the bed surface, cover with plastic film, pull open the straw curtains, and raise the temperature. At this time, a large number of pests will crawl from the depths onto the bed surface or the film; in the afternoon, uncover the film at the proper time, take it out of the mushroom shed, wash off the attached insects with water, and at the same time spray the bed surface with a high-dose, low-toxicity insecticide and then cover with film. Repeat this 3-5 times to eliminate the damage.