Detailed Explanation of the Three-Crop Mushroom Cultivation Model in One Greenhouse

In order to make full use of agricultural resources, reduce the production cost of edible fungi, and improve economic returns, in recent years Wei County and Guangping County have tested and demonstrated a three-crop mushroom cultivation model in one greenhouse, achieving success with considerable economic benefits. Moreover, this model enables resource reuse, reduces waste and pollution, and delivers good economic, ecological, and social benefits. The specific operation methods and benefits of this model are briefly described below:

First crop: oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), Hypsizygus marmoreus, or white beech mushroom (Pleurotus nebrodensis). Taking Hypsizygus marmoreus as an example: complete spawn production from mid-July to the end of August, inoculate and cultivate in early September, mushrooms emerge in early October, and the harvest period can continue until the end of March the following year, during which four flushes of mushrooms are produced. A standard 200 sq m mushroom greenhouse can take in 10,000 kg of substrate and produce about 12,500 kg of fresh mushrooms. Calculated at 1.8 yuan per kg, the output value reaches about 22,000 yuan. After deducting 7,000 yuan for substrate costs, the gross income is 15,000 yuan.

Second crop: shaggy mane mushroom (Coprinus comatus). Complete spawn production from August to the end of October. Preserve the spawn until April of the following year. In early April, after the previous crop of oyster mushrooms or Hypsizygus marmoreus has been harvested, transport the spent substrate outside the greenhouse and sun-dry it for 2-3 days, crush it, then mix the spent substrate with fresh substrate at a ratio of 4:6, bag it, and inoculate. A 200 sq m mushroom greenhouse can use 1,400 kg of spent substrate from the first crop, saving 1,400 yuan in expenses. Mycelial colonization takes about one month. In early May, once the mycelium has fully colonized, the bags can be removed and casing soil applied. Harvesting begins in mid-to-late May and ends at the end of June. During this period, three flushes of mushrooms can be produced. A 200 sq m mushroom greenhouse can be cased with 3,500 kg of substrate and produce 3,000 kg of fresh mushrooms. Calculated at 3.4 yuan per kg, the output value reaches over 10,000 yuan. After deducting 3,000 yuan for substrate costs, the gross income is 7,000 yuan.

Third crop: straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea): complete spawn production from early April to the end of May, and begin planting straw mushrooms in early July. The raw materials can use 60% wheat straw plus 40% spent mushroom substrate, mixed with an appropriate amount of superphosphate. A 200 sq m mushroom greenhouse can use 1,250 kg of spent substrate from the second crop, saving 1,200 yuan in expenses. After the raw materials are mixed, spread them between the beds in the greenhouse at a thickness of about 20 cm, then inoculate. Mushrooms emerge after about 10 days, and this crop can yield 2 flushes of mushrooms. Generally, 6-7.5 kg per sq m can be produced. Calculated at 4 yuan per kg, the output value for 200 sq m reaches about 5,000 yuan.

The three crops combined can produce 16,500 kg of fresh mushrooms, with a total output value of up to 37,000 yuan. After deducting 1,000 yuan for building the 200 sq m mushroom greenhouse and 10,000 yuan for material costs, the annual gross income can reach 26,000 yuan.