Five Key Gates in Autumn Mushroom Production and Introduction Notes

In autumn mushroom production, especially in the early autumn stage, there are many restrictive factors, and compared with winter production, the success rate is often relatively low. In fact, this is also the main reason why fresh mushroom prices are high in autumn. Therefore, a special reminder to the broad community of mushroom growers: in this year's mushroom production, especially at large-scale production bases, operations should be carried out more strictly, precautions should be taken, and management should be scientific to ensure smooth production. In actual production, the following five gates should mainly be monitored.

Substrate ratio and nutrition gate: In general production, cottonseed hulls, corn cobs, and other straw materials are mostly used as raw materials. However, the nutrition of all raw materials is mainly based on carbon, and the lack and imbalance of nutritional components fundamentally cannot meet the growth needs of mushroom mycelium. Although mushrooms can still be produced, during management lasting several months, the mushroom yield is very small. The reason is that the substrate is especially lacking in medium and trace elements, which is the main problem, leading to weak mycelium and poor resistance, and the result is inevitably heavy contamination and low yield. Therefore, adding mushroom three-dimensional nutritional essence to the formula can make the nutrition comprehensive and rich, the mycelium robust and vigorous, and give it relatively high resistance to contamination and disease, so that an ideal mushroom-producing state can be achieved.

Mushroom shed disinfection and sterilization gate: At present, mycelium incubation or mushroom production is mostly carried out in greenhouses. Therefore, disinfection and sterilization inside the shed should be carried out according to strict and thorough principles, and one should not leave things to chance. Especially in old mushroom sheds, a large number of contaminating bacteria and pathogenic bacteria lurk within them. Many mushroom growers are busy with sowing and production, and coupled with a lack of preventive awareness and prevention concepts, they often neglect disinfection and sterilization treatment of the mushroom shed. As a result, large-scale contamination occurs, and sometimes losses that are difficult to remedy appear. Treatment method: repair the mushroom shed, remove coverings such as straw mats, and after repairing or replacing the shed film, irrigate with 800-fold phoxim along with water, then spray baibingsha solution carpet-style, close the mushroom shed, expose it to strong sunlight for 2-3 days, then repeat the medication once. After closing for 2 days, open it for ventilation, spread lime powder on the ground, and afterward the sown mushroom bags can be moved in for mycelium incubation.

Sterilized substrate inoculation operation gate: The requirement for inoculation of sterilized substrate is standardized operation. The traditional practice is to use potassium permanganate, formaldehyde, or fumigants for fumigation treatment before carrying out inoculation operations. On the one hand, this causes inoculation personnel to suffer greatly from the drugs, especially formaldehyde, which is a carcinogenic substance and has a long residual effect period and a relatively large residue amount. According to relevant regulations for green food, it should be prohibited in mushrooms. On the other hand, the stimulation of the drugs, the inconvenient operation inside the inoculation box, and the high labor intensity make workers extremely exhausted, and during long operations it is inevitably easy to become lax and non-standardized, thus keeping the contamination rate high. The author uses a mushroom inoculation purification machine for inoculation operations. Ten minutes after it is turned on, inoculation can be carried out in the breeze emitted by the machine. It is harmless to the human body, has a good contamination-prevention effect, and gives a high inoculation success rate, making inoculation operations easy and effortless.

Pest and disease gate during mycelium incubation: Although the mushroom shed has already been thoroughly disinfected and sterilized in the earlier stage, during mycelium incubation, the entry and exit of management personnel, continuous ventilation, and so on will inevitably allow new contaminating bacteria and pathogenic bacteria to enter the shed, so the danger of contamination still exists. Therefore, prevention work must not be relaxed in the slightest. Generally, baibing quwuzong or saibai 09 can be used to prevent and inhibit pathogens, and cypermethrin can be used to kill insects. The main direction of medication is walls, ground, ventilation openings, entrances, and other places, and a small amount of spraying can be done in the air.

Prevention gate during mushroom production: Throughout the entire mycelium incubation period, in addition to persisting with drug prevention, close observation should also be kept on the trends of contaminating bacteria and diseases. If initial contamination or disease symptoms are found, thorough treatment should be carried out immediately. The method is: use medicinal solutions such as baibingsha to brush the contaminated patches, or directly spread medicinal powder on the contaminated areas, and the pathogens can be completely killed. After drug treatment of contaminated mushroom bags, mildly contaminated ones can continue to produce mushrooms; for severely contaminated ones, after killing the contaminating bacteria and undergoing treatment, they can be used as organic fertilizer in the ground.