Safety Requirements for Non-Polluted Cultivation Substrates for Edible Fungi and Disease Identification Methods

1 Scope

This standard specifies the safety technical requirements for water, main materials, auxiliary materials and casing soil used in non-polluted edible fungus culture substrates, as well as the types and methods of use of chemical additives, fungicides and insecticides.

This standard applies to cultivation substrates for various cultivated edible fungi.

2 Normative References

The provisions of the following documents become provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. For dated references, all subsequent amendments (excluding corrigenda) or revisions do not apply to this standard; however, parties that have reached agreement based on this standard are encouraged to investigate whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated references, the latest version applies to this standard.

GB5749 Standards for Drinking Water Quality

GB15618 Environmental Quality Standard for Soils

3 Terms and Definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.

3.1

Main materials The primary raw materials that make up the cultivation substrate; they are the carbon-source nutrients that account for a large proportion of the culture medium. Such as sawdust, cottonseed hulls, crop straw, etc.

3.2

Auxiliary materials Substances that are used in smaller amounts in the composition of the cultivation substrate, have a relatively high nitrogen content, and are used to adjust the C/N ratio of the culture substrate. Such as sugar, bran, cake fertilizer, poultry and livestock manure, soybean meal, corn meal, etc.

3.3

Fungicides Agents used to kill or inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms, including disinfectants.

3.4

Raw substrate Culture substrate that has not been fermented or sterilized.

4 Requirements

4.1 Water shall comply with the provisions of GB5749.

4.2 Main materials

Broadleaf tree sawdust other than from tree species containing harmful substances such as eucalyptus, camphor, sophora and chinaberry; sawdust from coniferous tree species naturally piled for more than six months; crop straw and hulls such as rice straw, wheat straw, corncob, corn stalk, sorghum stalk, cottonseed hulls, waste cotton, cotton stalk, bean stalk, peanut stalk, peanut shell and sugarcane bagasse; furfural residue, distiller's grains and vinegar residue. They are required to be fresh, clean, dry, free of insects, free of mold and free of off-odors.

4.3 Auxiliary materials

Wheat bran, rice bran, cake fertilizer (meal), corn meal, soybean meal, poultry and livestock manure, etc. They are required to be fresh, clean, dry, free of insects, free of mold and free of off-odors.

4.4 Casing soil materials

4.4.1 Peat soil, turf soil.

4.4.2 Loam

Shall comply with the provisions of 4 of GB15618 for the secondary standard values.

4.5 Chemical additives

See Appendix A.

4.6 Cultivation substrate treatment

For cultivation substrates of edible fungi that have been sterilized, the sterilized substrate must reach a sterile state; pesticides are not allowed to be added.

4.7 Other requirements

See Appendix B.

Appendix A

(Informative appendix)

Types, functions, dosages and methods of use of commonly used chemical additives in edible fungus cultivation substrates

The types, functions, dosages and methods of use of commonly used chemical additives in edible fungus cultivation substrates are shown in Table A.1.

Table A.1 Types, functions, dosages and methods of use of commonly used chemical additives in edible fungus cultivation substrates

Type of additive Method of use and dosage

Urea Supplementary nitrogen source nutrition, 0.1%-0.2%, evenly mixed into the cultivation substrate

Ammonium sulfate Supplementary nitrogen source nutrition, 0.1%-0.2%, evenly mixed into the cultivation substrate

Ammonium bicarbonate Supplementary nitrogen source nutrition, 0.2%-0.5%, evenly mixed into the cultivation substrate

Calcium cyanamide (lime nitrogen) Supplementary nitrogen source and calcium, 0.2%-0.5%, evenly mixed into the cultivation substrate

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate Supplementary phosphorus and potassium, 0.05%-0.2%, evenly mixed into the cultivation substrate

Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Supplementary phosphorus and potassium, dosage 0.05%-0.2%, evenly mixed into the cultivation substrate

Lime Supplementary calcium and also has a bacteriostatic effect, 1%-5% evenly mixed into the cultivation substrate

Gypsum Supplementary calcium and sulfur, 1%-2%, evenly mixed into the cultivation substrate

Calcium carbonate Supplementary calcium, 0.5%-1%, evenly mixed into the cultivation substrate

Appendix B

(Informative appendix)

Chemical agents that are not allowed to be used

B.1 Highly toxic pesticides

According to the Regulations on Pesticide Administration of the People's Republic of China, extremely toxic and highly toxic pesticides shall not be used in vegetable production, and edible fungi, as a category of vegetables, should also fully comply with this, and they shall not be added to culture substrates. Highly toxic pesticides include 3911, Suhua 203, 1605, methyl 1605, 1059, fenpropathrin, monocrotophos, phosphamidon, methamidophos, isopropylphosphorus, trithion, omethoate, zinc phosphide, aluminum phosphide, cyanide, carbofuran, fluoroacetamide, arsenic trioxide, chlordimeform, ethylmercury chloride, mercuric phenylacetate, ulcerin, chloropicrin, sodium pentachlorophenate, dibromochloropropane, 4041, etc.

B.2 Mixed-type substrate additives

Mixed-type substrate additives containing plant growth regulators or of unclear composition.

B.3 Plant growth regulators