Edible Mushroom Disease Prevention and Control Methods and Simplified Innovative Seed Production Method

After years of practice, the author has developed a simplified innovative method for edible mushroom spawn production. This method eliminates the series of expensive equipment, raw materials, chemicals and supplies required by traditional spawn production, saving thousands of yuan in investment. The spawn produced has particularly strong resistance, tolerating both high and low temperatures, with a success rate of 100% when used for expansion and inoculation, and the spawn production cycle is shortened by 20-30 days. The simplified innovative method is as follows:

1. Innovation and simplification of spawn production raw materials. The conventional method uses potato, glucose, agar, etc. as raw materials, mixed evenly to prepare PDA medium, used for inoculating grade-1 test-tube mother spawn; the innovation uses any one of wheat grains, cereal grains, corn kernels, corn cobs, tree branches, etc. that are readily available to farmers as raw materials, supplemented with a spawn coating agent to coat them, producing a full-nutrition high-nitrogen granular universal medium for edible mushrooms, used for inoculating grade-1 test-tube mother spawn, grade-2 bottled stock spawn, and grade-3 bottled cultivation spawn. The raw material cost for 1 test tube of mother spawn medium is only 3 fen, and the raw material cost for 1 bottle of stock spawn or 1 bottle of cultivation spawn is only 2 jiao, making it both money-saving and practical.

2. Innovation and simplification of high-pressure sterilization. The mother spawn or stock spawn medium is placed in a dedicated high-pressure sterilizer, at 1.2 kg per square centimeter, and kept under steam pressure for 30-40 minutes for sterilization; the innovation is to place it in a Supor household pressure cooker used for cooking, and when steam sprays from the pressure-limiting valve hole, keep it for 40-50 minutes, then cool to normal pressure before removing.

3. Innovation and simplification of normal-pressure sterilization. The cultivation spawn medium is placed in a normal-pressure sterilizer for sterilization for 8-10 hours; the innovation is to place it in a space sterilization bag (homemade material cost about 30 yuan, can hold 500-800 bottles) for sterilization for 3-4 hours.

4. Innovation and simplification of inoculation method. The old method requires fumigation and sterilization with chemicals such as formaldehyde and potassium permanganate in an inoculation box or inoculation room, supplemented by an alcohol lamp flame, before closed inoculation can be carried out; the innovation is to use a four-no-type edible mushroom sterile inoculator, which requires no electricity, no steam, no alcohol, and no chemical fumigation sterilization, directly carrying out full-process fully open inoculation and transfer of various edible mushrooms, with a finished product rate exceeding 99%.

5. Innovation and simplification of cooked-material spawn production. For the grade-3 cultivation spawn production of edible mushrooms such as oyster mushroom, Phoenix-tail mushroom, pink oyster mushroom, shaggy mane, and golden oyster mushroom, sterilized cooked material after normal-pressure steam sterilization is used for inoculation and cultivation; the innovation is to use raw material directly bagged and inoculated for production. After filling the material, a ventilation hole is punched through the middle to form a through-passage, and full-nutrition high-nitrogen granular stock spawn is inoculated (spawn amount 15%), cultured at suitable temperature.