Key Points for Pest and Disease Control in Edible Fungi and for Explosive Mushroom Fruiting
The so-called explosive mushroom fruiting means that during edible fungus cultivation, through artificial regulation, once fruiting begins, an explosive momentum is formed, the overall yield is produced all at once, and the biological efficiency exceeds 160%. The technical key points for explosive mushroom fruiting:
1. Virus-free treatment of the spawn or introduction of virus-free spawn. Spawn that has undergone virus-free treatment by scientific methods will not itself carry any pathogens, and during the virus-free operation, after continuous alternating high-temperature and low-temperature conditioning combined with constant changes in the culture substrate, the resistance of the spawn is greatly improved, and problems such as strain degeneration will not occur.
2. Adjust the nutritional components and levels of the culture material. For example, when cottonseed hulls (for oyster mushroom, enoki mushroom, king oyster mushroom, etc.) are used as the main culture material, 1 bag of edible fungus three-dimensional nutritional essence can be added per 250 kg; when corncobs and waste cotton (for oyster mushroom, shaggy ink cap mushroom, etc.) are used as the main culture material, 1-2 bags of edible fungus three-dimensional nutritional essence can be added per 250 kg; when wheat straw (for button mushroom, straw mushroom, etc.) is used as the main culture material, 1-2 bags of edible fungus three-dimensional nutritional essence can be added per 250 kg; when sawdust (for shiitake, white lingzhi mushroom, shaggy ink cap mushroom, etc.) is used as the main culture material, 2 bags of edible fungus three-dimensional nutritional essence can be added per 250 kg.
3. Strict disinfection and sterilization treatment of the cultivation environment. (1) On the basis of cleaning up the production environment, use Baibing Quwu Zong to disinfect and sterilize the spawn-running room and fruiting site; (2) add fungicides such as Gubing Xiao into the substrate, so that the success rate of spawn running can reach 98%.
4. Strengthen the post-maturation culture of mycelium so that it stores more biological energy and has the material conditions for explosive mushroom fruiting. Within a certain range, under the same conditions of variety, culture material, etc., for every 7 days the post-maturation period is extended, the biological efficiency of the first flush of mushrooms increases by about 30%. Generally, on the premise of adjusting the nutrition of the culture material, the post-maturation time of the mycelium should be extended as much as possible, generally about 15 days is appropriate.
5. During the fruiting stage, combine with foliar fertilization to strengthen the effect of explosive mushroom fruiting. Taking oyster mushroom as an example, generally when the cap diameter reaches 2 cm, mix edible fungus three-dimensional nutritional essence into warm water at 25-32°C and spray it directly on the fruiting bodies; spraying 3 times per flush of mushrooms can achieve the best yield-increasing effect.