Mushroom Cultivation Raw Material Formulas and Disease Control Methods
As mushroom cultivation area increases and cultivation time lengthens, diseases become increasingly severe. When selecting varieties or strains, virus-free spawn should be the first choice, so as to lay the technical foundation for the entire production process from the source stage. During production, pay attention to blending the substrate so that its nutrition is comprehensive and balanced, add three-dimensional nutrient essence when mixing the substrate, and pay attention to the prevention and elimination of pests, diseases and contaminant fungi.
Oyster mushroom: Oyster mushroom cultivation mostly uses cottonseed hulls, corncobs and other materials as the main raw materials. Taking cottonseed hulls as an example, the basic formula is: cottonseed hulls 250 kg, superphosphate 5 kg, gypsum powder 4 kg, urea 0.7 kg, three-dimensional nutrient essence (substrate-mixing type) 1 bag. Farmers with biogas digesters can add 50-100 kg of biogas residue to the formula. When the base level of contaminant fungi is relatively high, 4-5 kg of lime powder should be added.
Shiitake mushroom: Select sawdust from hard wood species and use a "shiitake-specific additive" to blend the substrate, so that nutrition is balanced, the mycelium fully matures, and color conversion is good. Shiitake production mostly uses sawdust raw material as the main material. The basic formula is: broadleaf sawdust 2000 kg, wheat bran 200 kg, corn flour 100 kg, superphosphate 100 kg, urea 6 kg, lime powder 20 kg, gypsum powder 200 kg, shiitake-specific additive 1000 g (1/2000 ratio).
Button mushroom: Generally, wheat straw, rice straw and cow dung are used as the main raw materials for cultivation, with a yield of 5-15 kg per sq m, and up to 20 kg at the high end, with biological efficiency reaching 50%, giving considerable production benefits. Basic cultivation formula: wheat straw (or rice straw) 4000 kg, cow dung powder 2000 kg, superphosphate 100 kg, urea 80 kg, cottonseed cake 60 kg, lime powder 100 kg, gypsum powder 80 kg, calcium carbonate 100 kg, mushroom disease eliminator 40 bags, mushroom three-dimensional nutritional essence (substrate-mixing type) 16 bags. Farmers with biogas digesters can add 1000 kg of biogas residue to the formula.
Enoki mushroom: Mostly uses raw materials such as cottonseed hulls and sawdust, and distiller's grains and crop straw can also be used. Basic formula: cottonseed hulls 200 kg, wheat bran 50 kg, superphosphate 5 kg, gypsum powder 3 kg, urea 0.6 kg, sucrose 1.5 kg, three-dimensional nutrient essence (substrate-mixing type) 1 bag. When conditions permit, 50 kg of biogas residue can be added. When the base level of contaminant fungi is relatively high, 4-5 kg of lime powder should be added. Drugs such as carbendazim and thiophanate must not be used.
Shaggy mane mushroom: For shaggy mane mushroom cultivation, cottonseed hulls, corncobs, distiller's grains, furfural residue and others can all be used as raw materials. Basic formula: cottonseed hulls 250 kg, lime powder 4 kg, gypsum powder 3 kg, superphosphate 5 kg, urea 0.8 kg, mushroom disease eliminator 5 bags, mushroom three-dimensional nutritional essence (substrate-mixing type) 1 bag.
White lingzhi mushroom: Generally, cottonseed hulls, mixed sawdust and others can be used as the main material, supplemented with wheat bran and others. Basic formula: cottonseed hulls 225 kg, corn flour or wheat bran 25 kg, gypsum powder 2 kg, lime powder 2 kg, superphosphate 5 kg, urea 0.5 kg, Baochenggong 3 bags, mushroom three-dimensional nutritional essence 1 bag.
King oyster mushroom: Basic formula: cottonseed hulls 200 kg, sawdust 30 kg, wheat bran 20 kg, soybean cake 2 kg, superphosphate 5 kg, light calcium carbonate and gypsum powder 2 kg each, lime powder 1.5 kg, urea 0.8 kg, Baochenggong 3 bags, mushroom three-dimensional nutritional essence (substrate-mixing type) 1 bag.
Lion's mane mushroom: The cultivation raw materials are mainly sawdust, cottonseed hulls and others. Basic formula: sawdust 205 kg, wheat bran 25 kg, soybean cake powder 20 kg, superphosphate 5 kg, gypsum powder 4 kg, calcium carbonate 4 kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5 kg, urea 0.6 kg, Baochenggong 3 bags, mushroom three-dimensional nutritional essence (substrate-mixing type) 1 bag. When cottonseed hulls are the main material, the soybean cake powder can be reduced or omitted.
Himeji mushroom: Mostly uses cottonseed hulls, corncobs and others as the main raw materials, and other straw types can also be used. Basic formula: cottonseed hulls 250 kg, superphosphate 5 kg, gypsum powder 4 kg, urea 0.7 kg, three-dimensional nutrient essence (substrate-mixing type) 1 bag; or corncobs 220 kg, wheat bran 30 kg, lime powder 10 kg (the above are fermented), superphosphate 5 kg, gypsum powder 5 kg, urea 1 kg, three-dimensional nutrient essence (substrate-mixing type) 1-2 bags. For those with biogas digesters, 50-100 kg of biogas residue can be added to the formula.
Willow bolete: Because the spawn has been isolated and domesticated, its adaptability is increasingly broad. In production it can adapt to the sawdust of most broadleaf tree species, and cultivation with cottonseed hulls also gives good results. Basic formula: sawdust 225 kg, wheat bran 25 kg, superphosphate 5 kg, urea 1 kg, lime powder 4 kg, gypsum powder 4 kg, Baochenggong 3 bags, mushroom three-dimensional nutritional essence 1 bag. Or cottonseed hulls 150 kg, sawdust 80 kg, wheat bran 20 kg, superphosphate 4 kg, urea 0.8 kg, lime powder 2 kg, gypsum powder 4 kg, Baochenggong 3 bags, mushroom three-dimensional nutritional essence 1 bag.
Tea tree mushroom: Tea tree mushroom, also known as tea tree mushroom, has a wide range of cultivation raw materials; cottonseed hulls, mixed sawdust, corncobs, cotton stalk powder and other hard straws can all be used. Basic formula: cottonseed hulls 120 kg, sawdust 80 kg, bran and corn flour 22 kg each, cake fertilizer 6 kg, lime powder 4 kg, gypsum 2.5 kg, sucrose 1 kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 kg, magnesium sulfate 0.5 kg, Baochenggong 3 bags, mushroom three-dimensional nutritional essence (substrate-mixing type) 1 bag. Formula using sawdust for cultivation: sawdust 200 kg, bran 44 kg, cake fertilizer 6 kg, lime powder 5 kg, gypsum powder 5 kg, sucrose 2 kg, calcium carbonate 2 kg, Baochenggong 3 bags, mushroom three-dimensional nutritional essence (substrate-mixing type) 1 bag.