How are edible mushrooms cultivated? A detailed explanation of production key points

In edible mushroom production, if the sanitation of the inoculation workshop is poor, the miscellaneous microbes in the air will contaminate the edible mushroom spawn, which will seriously affect the inoculation success rate and the quality and yield of the edible mushrooms in the future. During the inoculation process, there are many miscellaneous microbes that contaminate edible mushroom spawn, including bacteria, molds, yeasts, actinomycetes, etc.

In edible mushroom production, if the sanitation of the inoculation workshop is poor, the miscellaneous microbes in the air will contaminate the edible mushroom spawn, which will seriously affect the inoculation success rate and the quality and yield of the edible mushrooms in the future.

During the inoculation process, there are many miscellaneous microbes that contaminate edible mushroom spawn, including bacteria, molds, yeasts, actinomycetes, etc. The main reasons why spawn suffers from microbial contamination are as follows——

1. The spawn culture room is dark and damp with foul air, and the air contains many miscellaneous microbes, which contaminate the edible mushroom spawn.

2. The inoculation room is not strictly disinfected. No suitable method has been adopted to effectively sterilize and disinfect the inoculation room.

3. The culture material is not thoroughly sterilized and is contaminated by miscellaneous microbes. The main reasons for incomplete sterilization are: 1) Improper sterilization operation. Sterilization methods using normal pressure at 100°C for 6-8 hours or high pressure at 121°C for 0.5-2 hours can both kill the mycelium and spores of ordinary miscellaneous microbes. At present, edible mushroom culture material mostly adopts normal-pressure sterilization or high-pressure sterilization methods. Normal-pressure sterilization makes it relatively difficult to sterilize materials such as grain and manure-straw, and it is not easy to achieve a complete sterilization effect; while the high-pressure sterilization method has a better effect. 2) Differences in culture material. Factors such as the type of material required for making spawn, the microbial content of the culture material, the water content, and the pH level will all affect the sterilization effect. The corresponding sterilization time should be selected according to the characteristics of different culture materials. 3) The influence of the spawn packaging container. When making spawn, bottles or bags are generally used to package the spawn. Plastic bags conduct heat quickly, while glass bottles conduct heat more slowly. When using the same culture material and the same sterilization method, bottled material requires a longer sterilization time than bagged material.

4. The spawn itself contains miscellaneous microbes. The stock spawn of edible mushrooms used for expanded cultivation must itself be pure spawn, so as to ensure the uniformity of the spawn. If the edible mushroom spawn contains miscellaneous microbes, it will lead to a decrease in the inoculation rate.

5. Improper operation by inoculation personnel. The edible mushroom inoculation process requires a strictly sterile operating environment. If the operation is not standardized, it is easy for the culture material to be contaminated by miscellaneous microbes. The miscellaneous microbes that contaminate the culture material are generally miscellaneous microbes in the air of the inoculation room, miscellaneous microbes on the surface of the spawn bags, and miscellaneous microbes on the body surface of the inoculation personnel, etc.