Analysis of High-Yield Cultivation Techniques for Edible Fungi and Key Points for the Correct Use of Nutrient Solutions

In the process of cultivating edible fungi, in order to produce more mushrooms and better mushrooms, and to achieve the goals of improving quality, increasing yield and benefits, various nutrient solutions are often added. However, in the process of adding nutrient solutions, only by adopting the correct addition methods can the goals of high quality, high yield and high efficiency be achieved. If added improperly, it will instead cause negative effects and result in relatively large economic losses.

1. Pay attention to the addition methods. There are usually three addition methods: spraying, soaking and hole irrigation. The first is spraying, used during the period when fruiting bodies appear in large numbers. When spraying, be careful that the nozzle is not pointed directly at the fruiting bodies. At the same time, pay attention to the "four no-spray" rules: (1) Do not spray on young mushroom buds, so as to avoid "swelling to death." (2) Do not spray on places where mushrooms have just been picked or where mushroom remnants remain, so as to avoid causing bacterial diseases. (3) Do not spray when air humidity is too high, because the effect of spraying is poor when humidity is too high. (4) Do not spray when pests and diseases are severe inside the mushroom shed (room); wait until pests are eliminated before spraying. The second is soaking, mainly used for bag cultivation or block cultivation. After harvesting 1-2 flushes of mushrooms, if the cultivation bags (blocks) are in a state of severe water shortage, place the bags or blocks in a prepared nutrient solution and soak them until they recover to nearly their original weight. When using the soaking method to add nutrient solution, it is only necessary to place the bags (blocks) in a nutrient solution tank or pool and press them down with a heavy object, but the soaking time should not be very long. If water loss is excessive, soaking can be done several times. The third is hole irrigation, mainly used on mushroom beds. It is used when the mushroom bed produces many mushrooms and nutrient consumption is excessive. The method is to scrape away the casing soil on the mushroom bed, insert a funnel into the material surface and pour in 4-7 milliliters of nutrient solution, with a hole spacing of 10 cm, and then cover with soil after adding the nutrient solution.

2. Grasp the appropriate concentration. If the concentration is too high, not only will it be difficult for the mycelium to absorb it, but it will also hinder mycelial growth. If the concentration is too low, the physiological effect will not be obvious, and the goal of high yield and high efficiency cannot be achieved. At a suitable concentration, when adding it, it is also necessary to consider the humidity inside the material. If the moisture of the culture material is relatively high, increase the concentration of the nutrient solution, reduce the amount of water used, and increase ventilation after adding it. Conversely, reduce the concentration of the nutrient solution and increase the amount of water used. The commonly used concentrations of nutrient solutions for edible fungi are: urea 0.3-0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%.

3. Nutrition should be comprehensive and reasonable. To prevent the nutrient solution from being single-form, several nutrient solutions should often be used alternately. This can satisfy the various nutrients needed for fruiting body growth, make fruiting bodies develop excellently and normally, and can significantly improve quality and yield. If hormones are used to stimulate the growth of edible fungi, they should be added separately after supplementing the nutrient solution.

4. Pay attention to environmental changes. Generally, when the temperature reaches above 20°C, it is difficult for mushroom mycelium to form high-quality fruiting bodies (except for high-temperature types), so in principle no nutrient solution should be added. If the culture material has already been contaminated by miscellaneous bacteria, the miscellaneous bacteria must first be removed before supplementing the nutrient solution. In order to prevent contamination by miscellaneous bacteria, a certain amount of bacteriostatic agent can also be added while adding the nutrient solution, so as to prevent the breeding and spread of miscellaneous bacteria.

(224500 Edible Fungi Research Institute of Binhai City, Jiangsu Province; Address: No. 164 Yulong Road, Binhai City; Zhang Shi, Wang Shangfa)