Key Technical Points for the Control of Major Insect Pests and Physiological Diseases of Chinese Bayberry
The Chinese bayberry tree is a fruit tree native to China, and its fruit has a unique flavor and is rich in nutrients, making it highly favored by consumers. However, there are many aspects to pay attention to when growing Chinese bayberry, so what are the major insect pests and physiological diseases of Chinese bayberry? What are the key technical points for their control?
I. What are the major insect pests and physiological diseases of Chinese bayberry?
1. Insect pests: fruit flies, leaf-roller moths, noctuid moths, scale insects, etc.
2. Diseases: white rot, twig blight, leaf spot, pink disease, etc.
II. How to control pests and diseases of Chinese bayberry?
1. Chemical control
(1) Winter orchard cleaning: apply whitewash to the trunk and main branches of the Chinese bayberry, and spray the trunk, branches and ground with lime sulfur mixture.
(2) Fruit flies: spinetoram 60 g/L can be selected and sprayed from the color-turning stage of the fruit to 15 days before the ripening stage; or 0.1% abamectin bait concentrate can be selected, diluted 2-3 times and placed in trapping jars from the color-turning stage to the ripening stage of the fruit, at 20 jars/mu.
(3) Scale insects: 95% mineral oil emulsifiable concentrate or 30% sodium abietate aqueous emulsion can be selected. Spray at the early stage of the second generation of scale insects in July-August, or during winter orchard cleaning. In hot seasons, use in the morning or evening to avoid high temperatures, and increase the dilution factor.
(4) Brown spot: 33.5% copper quinolinolate suspension concentrate can be selected, sprayed after fruit harvest for control, or used during orchard cleaning.
Note: Pesticide varieties prohibited on Chinese bayberry include:
BHC, DDT, toxaphene, aldrin, dieldrin, nitrofen, ethylene dibromide, chlordimeform, amitraz, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, mercury preparations, arsenic, lead, fluoroacetamide, tetramine, sodium fluoroacetate, gliftor, silatrane, methamidophos, methyl parathion, parathion, monocrotophos, phosphamidon, fenamiphos, phorate, mephosfolan, calcium phosphide, magnesium phosphide, zinc phosphide, cadusafos, coumaphos, sulfotep, terbufos, chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, aminosulfuron single agent, asomate, monomethylarsonic acid, paraquat aqueous solution, phorate, isofenphos-methyl, demeton, ethoprophos, phosfolan, chlorpyrifos, aldicarb, carbofuran, isocarbophos, methomyl, omethoate, methidathion, fipronil.
2. Physical and chemical trapping control
(1) Rain-shelter cultivation in net houses
To effectively block the damage of Chinese bayberry fruit flies and all other pests and reduce the occurrence of diseases, rain-shelter cultivation in net houses can be adopted. Rain-shelter cultivation in net houses is suitable for orchards on hilltops and hillsides with good ventilation conditions or susceptible to wind damage. For the net house facility, hot-dip galvanized steel pipes are best selected, with insect-proof nets on all sides and a special plastic film with good light transmission covering the top, with the roof surface at least 80 cm above the tree tops. Cover with insect-proof nets 40-50 days before harvest (before Chinese bayberry fruit flies enter the orchard to cause damage), carry out roof covering for rain shelter 10 days before harvest, and remove promptly after harvest. After the netting is covered, the orchard stops using all pesticides and nutrient solutions until the netting is removed after the Chinese bayberry harvest is completed.
(2) Yellow sticky board trapping
Take advantage of the color-taxis of fruit flies to trap and kill adult fruit flies. Before the Chinese bayberry ripens, hang yellow sticky boards on the trunks and branches of the Chinese bayberry tree, 1 board per tree.
(3) Insect-killing lamp trapping
In response to the phototaxis of adult pests such as noctuid moths and leaf-roller moths, carry out insect-killing lamp trapping. Install 1 insect-killing lamp every 30 mu, starting from the hard-pit stage of the Chinese bayberry, turn on the lamp every day from 19:00 to 23:00, and stop turning on the lamp after fruit harvest is completed.