What are the planting methods and precautions for hawthorn (Crataegus, Chinese hawthorn)?

Hawthorn, also known as Shanlihong, is popular with many people because of its high nutritional value; it can not only be eaten raw or made into preserved fruit and fruit cakes, but can also be dried and used as medicine, and it has effects such as strengthening the spleen and stimulating the appetite. At present, more and more people are planting hawthorn, but many growers encounter many problems during the planting process, so the editor will introduce the planting methods and precautions for hawthorn:

I. Hawthorn planting methods

1. Seed treatment

Hawthorn planting methods are mainly divided into three types: transplanting, cuttings and seed sowing. In order to improve the survival rate and resistance of hawthorn, different planting methods require different treatment methods before planting. Hawthorn seedlings for transplanting need pruning treatment; hawthorn for cutting planting needs to first be cut into small sections of about 15cm, then coated with liquid medicine before cutting; for seed sowing, the seeds need to first be washed clean, then placed in warm water for a 30-minute hot-water treatment, then placed in cold water and soaked for about 4-5 days, removed and exposed to the sun, and finally placed in an environment with a temperature of 3-4°C for germination.

2. Land selection and sowing

Although hawthorn has strong adaptability, in order to promote its growth and improve the survival rate, the soil for planting hawthorn is best loose in texture, fertile and deep. After selecting the plot, land preparation can begin. During land preparation, plow the soil 15-20cm, then spray chemicals to disinfect and expose it to the sun for one month to eliminate bacteria and parasites in the soil, then mix base fertilizer with the soil and place the hawthorn seedling in the very center of the pit. While filling the soil, gently press it firm with your feet to help the seedling roots grow better. After planting, water thoroughly to settle the roots.

3. Planting density

Hawthorn trees belong to the arbor category of plants, and their growth speed is stronger than that of other fruit trees. Therefore, planting density is very important when planting hawthorn. If the planting density is too small, it is easy for the plants to be too close together and for photosynthesis to be insufficient, causing situations such as low fruit yield and uneven coloring in hawthorn. Generally, the planting density is about one hundred jin per mu, with an average row spacing of about 35-40cm and a plant spacing of about 15-20cm, so that at least more than 50,000 seedlings can be produced per mu.

4. Shaping and pruning

Because hawthorn has a strong branching growth ability, if the branches are not managed in time, they can easily hinder the growth and development of the main trunk. Therefore, during the planting process, in order to prevent increased branching and excessive growth of branches, the hawthorn tree needs proper shaping and pruning treatment. Generally, branches that are excessively vigorous in growth and affected by disease can be cut off. When the crown branches of the hawthorn tree grow to about 40cm, they should be cut back by 30cm. If there are too many branches, it will be unfavorable to the growth of the main trunk and reduce the permeability of the tree body.

II. Precautions during the hawthorn planting process

1. When planting hawthorn, first pay attention to the planting time. Although hawthorn has strong resistance and can be planted all year round, in order to improve the survival rate and fruiting rate, the planting time is generally best in spring, when the survival rate of planted hawthorn can generally reach 97%. Secondly, planting in late autumn is also a good time, but try not to plant in winter, because the temperature in winter is too low, which is not conducive to seed germination and seedling emergence and will have a certain impact on the later fruiting rate and quality.

2. During the planting process, pay attention to timely intertillage and earthing-up treatment of the soil according to soil fertility and tree growth conditions, so as to improve the permeability and nutrients in the soil. Fertilizer should not be a single type of fertilizer; it should be used in a reasonable combination and in appropriate amounts, because too little fertilizer will reduce the growth speed and thereby affect fruit maturity and quality, while too much fertilizer can easily lead to excessive nutrition, causing excessive branch growth and premature fruit drop.

3. When planting hawthorn, pay attention to carrying out orchard cleaning once a year, generally after the annual hawthorn harvest is completed. During orchard cleaning, first prune and shape the hawthorn trees to increase the yield of the hawthorn trees the following year, and finally clean up the cut branches and leaves and thoroughly disinfect the field once.

Summary: The above is the relevant introduction to hawthorn planting methods and hawthorn planting precautions. I hope it is helpful to friends in need!