Detailed Explanation of Five Key Precautions for Planting Ginkgo
Ginkgo is a large deciduous tree. Its seed, the ginkgo nut, is also called white nut. Because of its high nutritional value and its effects of astringing lung qi and relieving asthma and cough, many growers are now cultivating it. However, some growers have encountered problems during the process of planting ginkgo. So let me introduce the five key precautions for planting ginkgo:
1. Seedling selection
The ginkgo tree has a very long growth cycle and an extremely slow growth rate, so its growth period is longer than that of ordinary trees. Therefore, when selecting saplings, you must be very careful; otherwise, the ginkgo tree may die before it flowers and bears fruit, or the survival rate at the initial planting stage may not be high. Usually, you can choose seedlings that are relatively thick, have relatively straight trunks, well-developed roots, and a red color. Only these are high-quality seedlings, and their survival rate will be much higher.
2. Planting
Before planting, the land needs to be prepared well. Dig holes at a row spacing of 3-4 m and a plant spacing of 2-3 m. For holes with a specification of 60 cm deep * 60 cm wide, scatter in a sufficient amount of organic rotted fertilizer, then cover it with a layer of fine soil about 5 cm thick. After that, place the ginkgo seedling into the dug hole, fill it with soil, and finally water it once so that the soil has a certain moisture level. In this way, the survival rate of planting will be higher and the growth rate will be relatively faster.
3. Light
Ginkgo is a light-loving plant. During its growth process, it is best to have sufficient light, so it should be planted in sunny areas. It is also best if the ventilation is strong, so that the ginkgo tree can fully carry out photosynthesis and thus grow more robustly. In addition, with photosynthesis, its growth rate can be accelerated. Finally, it cannot grow in a shaded environment for a long time, because this will make its growth rate even slower and the plant will become more and more fragile, leading to a substantial increase in the mortality rate.
4. Fertilizer and water
Fertilizing ginkgo trees mainly uses organic fertilizer and farmyard manure. Topdressing can be carried out about twice a year. When fertilizing, pay attention to using ring-shaped fertilization or hole fertilization, as this is beneficial for the ginkgo tree's absorption of nutrients and the nutrients are also less likely to be exhausted. During the growth process of the ginkgo tree, sufficient water is needed, so watering should be done frequently, usually once every 3-4 days is best.
5. Disease prevention
Ginkgo trees have relatively strong resistance, so pests and diseases rarely occur. However, in the hot and rainy summer season, fungal infection diseases such as viral disease, blight, and leaf spot disease may also occur. First, through more orchard management, prune the branches and leaves in the orchard to enhance the permeability of the orchard. Second, promptly drain excess water. Finally, use Bordeaux mixture for prevention and control. The most common pest of ginkgo is the white grub, which can be controlled with trichlorfon or dimethoate emulsion.
Summary: The above is the relevant introduction to the five key precautions for planting ginkgo. Growers can refer to the above five key precautions when planting. I hope it is helpful to friends in need!
Precautions for Purchasing Ginkgo Seeds
Ginkgo, also known as white nut and gongsun tree, belongs to the gymnosperms and is a "living fossil" plant that survives only in China. It has a long lifespan, strong adaptability, wide uses, strong disease resistance, and is easy to manage. It is an excellent tree species with sustainable utilization that integrates ecological, social, and economic benefits. In the process of breeding ginkgo seedlings, seed quality is the key to determining the success or failure of seedling cultivation. Therefore, when purchasing ginkgo seeds, fruit growers should master the following "six requirements." First, buy new seeds. That is, buy seeds harvested after maturing in the current year from ginkgo mother trees (mother trees around 80 years old are best).Second, buy well-pollinated seeds. Cut open the ginkgo seed and see whether there is an embryo bud in the endosperm. If there is no embryo bud, it cannot be used for sowing and seedling cultivation.
Third, buy seeds after impurities have been removed. That is, buy seeds with foreign matter removed.
Fourth, buy seeds of moderate size. Generally, ginkgo seeds of about 400~700 per kilogram are more suitable. Harvested seeds should be peeled and dried in the shade. In northern China, it is suitable to sow in spring after stratification.
Fifth, buy seeds borne on seedling trees. Seedling mother trees are well pollinated, the seeds have sound structure and a relatively high embryo rate, and after sowing the seedlings emerge evenly and the seedlings are strong. After seedling cultivation, they have strong adaptability, and after planting the safety factor is high.
Sixth, buy ginkgo seeds that have been identified by experts or relevant technical personnel.
1. Bag storage method. Put the white nuts into hemp bags, let them sweat for 7 days, then place them in plastic bags. Do not seal the bag opening tightly. Each bag should hold no more than 20 kg of nuts. At a temperature below 5°C, they can be stored for 6 months.
2. Water storage method. Put the white nuts into a clean water vat (or pool), add water and soak them. Change the water frequently. They can be stored for 4~5 months.
3. Sand storage method. On the floor of a cool indoor room, spread a layer of wet sand 10 cm thick, pile white nuts 10 cm thick on top, then spread another 5 cm thick layer of wet sand on top. Stack several layers in this way, with a stack height not exceeding 60 cm. They can be stored for 3~5 months.
4. Cold storage method. Put the white nuts into hemp bags and place them in a cold storage room at 1~3°C. Spray water once every 10~15 days to maintain a moist environment. They can be stored for 6 months.
5. Warehouse storage method. When the quantity of white nuts is relatively large, they can be put into hemp bags for storage, with each bag holding 25~50 kg of nuts. Place them in a constant-temperature warehouse on ventilated racks underneath, with the temperature controlled at 1~4°C and relative humidity at 90%. During storage, inspect frequently. They can be stored for more than 12 months.
How to plant ginkgo trees? Planting techniques and management of ginkgo trees!
The ginkgo tree is an excellent tree species for both fruit and timber. Its tree shape is tall and beautiful, and it is also a beautiful ornamental tree species. Ginkgo has strong adaptability to soil, is resistant to acid, alkali, and drought, and has a lifespan of hundreds of years, or even more than a thousand years. People call it the "gongsun tree." The fruit is rich in ginkgo acid and ginkgo alcohol, is nutritious, can be eaten, and can also be used as medicine. The leaves can be used to make medicines such as "guanxintong," and can also be used as paddy field fertilizer and insecticide. Its wood is light, soft, and tough, with fine texture, and is not easy to warp or crack. It is a good material for construction, crafts, and furniture.
How to plant ginkgo trees? Planting techniques and management of ginkgo trees!
Growth habits
Ginkgo is a deciduous fruit tree with slow growth, late fruiting, and a long lifespan. It is dioecious and often forms a tall crown with strong trunk dominance and obvious layered branching. Seedling trees mostly have tower-shaped, conical, or oval crowns. For grafted trees, when the central leader is lacking or its development is hindered, the crown can begin to become semicircular or open-center in the later growth stage. Branches in the crown are clearly divided into two types: long branches and short shoots. Long branches are formed by several buds at the tip of the branch extending upward and outward, and they are the basis for forming the crown.
Short shoots are formed by buds in the middle and lower parts of the branch first forming leaf cluster branches, and then weakly extending and accumulating each year. The internodes are extremely short, so they are also called "scale branches" or "milk branches." Under certain conditions, short shoots can also produce long branches. For young trees under 10 years old, the proportion of long branches produced is relatively high, accounting for about 70% of the total number of branches produced. For large trees over 50 years old, the number of long branches produced drops sharply, and the proportion of short shoots increases significantly, accounting for more than 80% of the total number of branches produced. Therefore, the crowns of mature large trees are often relatively sparse. Sometimes, latent buds on old trees or large branches can also directly sprout to form short shoots.
After reaching fruiting age, the female flowers and male inflorescences of the ginkgo tree are respectively clustered on the short shoots of female and male plants. A short shoot has 5 to 14 leaves, and generally a thick short shoot with more than 6 leaves can form flower buds. The flower buds are mixed buds, terminal, and in spring after producing an extremely short shoot, they bloom in the leaf axils. Each short shoot on a female plant can bear 2-14 seeds (generally 5-6). Whether flower buds can form on a short shoot is related to the nutritional status of the tree and the branch age and growth status of the base branch on which the short shoot is borne. Generally, on base branches 3-12 years old, short shoots bear the most fruit, and afterward the fruiting capacity gradually declines.
The sprouting rate of long branches of ginkgo is extremely high. Apart from the several buds at the tip producing long branches, the axillary buds on all other nodes can produce short branches and form flower buds that bloom and bear fruit, thus very easily forming alternate bearing. However, short shoots on the same base branch sometimes show alternating fruiting. Male plants have male inflorescences borne in the leaf axils of short shoots, and each short shoot can bear 4-6.
Propagation methods The propagation methods of ginkgo trees include seedling propagation, division, and grafting, among others. In production, division and grafting are widely used. The seedling method fruits late, and the seed kernels produced are small. It is mostly used to cultivate trees for both timber and fruit, or to cultivate rootstock seedlings. Seeds can be sown in winter or sown in spring after sand storage. About 600 kg to 750 kg of seed kernels are needed per 1,000 sq m of seedbed. When ginkgo emerges, the cotyledons do not come out of the soil, so the soil covering can be appropriately thicker. The seedlings grow quite slowly, and shading is suitable during high summer temperatures. One-year-old seedlings do not have well-developed lateral roots, and the seedling height is only 20-30 cm. They are not suitable for leaving the nursery or for grafting. Generally, they need to be replanted and cultivated for 2-3 years, and only when the seedling height reaches 60-100 cm can they leave the nursery.
Division uses the sprouts that occur at the base of the ginkgo plant, carried out in spring from February to March before sprouting. Carrying with it part of the old roots and fibrous roots is beneficial for survival. The fruiting age of division seedlings is earlier than that of seedling trees, but it still requires about 10 years. After division seedlings are cultivated, they can be directly planted in the field, or they can be used as rootstock for grafting. When dividing, it is advisable to select more roots from female plants.
The survival rate of ginkgo cuttings is lower than that of tree species that root easily, but propagation by cuttings can save seeds and expand the source of seedlings. Cutting methods are divided into hardwood cuttings and greenwood cuttings. For hardwood cuttings, select one-year-old branches as cuttings, cut them to about 20 cm, cut the lower end into a horseshoe shape, treat with a 30 ppm to 50 ppm naphthalene acetic acid solution (the active ingredient of rooting agents) for 12-24 hours, or soak with 50 ppm ABT-1 rooting powder for 1 hour, then insert the cuttings, with a soil insertion depth of about 10 cm.
Ginkgo trees propagated by grafting fruit the earliest, and the tree body is relatively short, making management convenient. In the past, production areas mostly used large rootstocks and high-trunk grafting, which was not conducive to large-scale rapid seedling cultivation and orchard establishment. At present, production mostly promotes grafting of small seedlings, that is, using 2-3 year old rootstock seedlings and grafting at a relatively low position 30 cm to 50 cm above the ground, with one-year-old branches as scions. The specific grafting methods mainly include cleft grafting and bark grafting. The grafting period is from mid-to-late March to early April.
Planting and management
For ginkgo orchards planted in contiguous plots, it is advisable to choose open land with deep soil layers and good drainage. Low-lying, damp, heavily saline-alkaline, and heavy clay soil locations are all unsuitable for establishing an orchard. Planting distance can generally be 4 m to 5 m between plants and rows. If planned dense planting is implemented, the plant and row spacing can be further reduced. Ginkgo leaf-collection orchards that are established are planted at high density, with plant and row spacing of only 0.7-1 m. Ginkgo trees scattered around the four sides can mostly form large crowns, and the plant and row spacing can be expanded to 6-8 m. After ginkgo roots are injured, they recover and grow slowly. The larger the sapling, the longer the recovery and growth time. When planting and transplanting seedlings, the root system should be injured as little as possible, so as not to lengthen the recovery period and affect growth and fruiting.
How to plant ginkgo trees? Planting techniques and management of ginkgo trees!
The above content is the planting techniques and management methods for ginkgo trees. I hope it can help you! In addition! Ginkgo trees grow slowly, and strengthening soil and fertilizer management can accelerate growth. According to the tree's growth condition, in addition to appropriately increasing the amount of base fertilizer as needed, apply topdressing 1-2 times before sprouting to promote new shoot growth. Apply 0.8 kg to 1 kg of compound fertilizer per tree or irrigate with decomposed human manure and urine. Ginkgo avoids waterlogging, so attention should be paid to ground drainage during the rainy season.