How to grow golden-edged winter daphne seedlings? A complete guide to care methods
(1) Choose good soil. Since winter daphne is not tolerant of heavy fertilizer, increasing the organic matter content of the soil is especially meaningful. Choose slightly acidic leaf mold with good air permeability and water permeability and high organic matter content, add an appropriate amount of sand (about 8:1), mix evenly, and use after exposing it to the sun for 2-3 days.
(2) Watering and fertilizing. When planting, be sure to make a drainage layer and strictly prevent waterlogging; watering should not be too frequent, otherwise it can very easily cause root rot. Adopt the watering principle of "water when dry, dry-wet alternation," and water thoroughly only after the potting soil is slightly dry. In autumn and winter, appropriately reduce the amount and frequency of watering, and water again when the potting soil slightly turns white. The amount of fertilizer should not be too much, and concentrated fertilizer is most taboo. During the vigorous growth period in spring and the bud-setting period in autumn, apply compound fertilizer 2-3 times, using the spot-fertilizing method, that is, dig 4-5 small holes at the edge of the pot, then apply a small amount of compound fertilizer and cover it with soil again. The 2nd and 3rd fertilizing spots should be staggered from the previous ones. The fertilizer slowly dissolves relying on ordinary watering and moist soil, and is gradually absorbed by the root system, avoiding "root burn."
(3) Control flowering. For winter daphne still in the seedling stage, flowering is extremely unfavorable to its growth and can easily turn it into a stunted seedling, so flower buds should be removed promptly to reduce unnecessary nutrient consumption. The specific method is: in late autumn, when the flower buds at the branch tips swell, the bud scales loosen, and flower buds about the size of a grain of rice are exposed, carefully remove them with tweezers; if there are relatively thin and pointed buds on the outer edge of the flower buds, keep them.
(4) Pruning and turning the pot. Because the flower buds have been removed, the several leaf buds inside the bud scales generally sprout and unfold leaves earlier. At this time, in order to prevent the young shoots from cold damage, move it indoors or place it on a south-facing balcony for cultivation. When the new shoots grow to about 2 cm, choose 2-4 that are vigorous and evenly distributed in angle and keep them, and cut the rest from the base. During this period, due to "bud heterogeneity," some thin and weak buds will grow in the leaf axils of the previous year's branches. These weak buds have weak branching ability and are generally cut off, so that nutrients can be effectively concentrated for branch growth and at the same time help form a good plant shape. During the vigorous growth period, if placed on a balcony with unilateral light, it must be turned frequently to prevent it from growing to one side.
(5) Summering and overwintering. In summer, leaves and young branches exposed to the sun are very prone to "sunburn," and the growing points are easily scorched, causing abnormal leaf drop and even death, so exposure to the sun must be strictly prevented. It should be placed in a cool place or shaded, and water should often be sprayed on the leaves. In winter, it is usually enough to place it on a south-facing balcony; on frost or snow days or when dry wind blows, move it back indoors. The above is an introduction to how to grow golden-edged winter daphne seedlings.
Golden-edged winter daphne Daphne odora "Aureomarginata" Golden-edged winter daphne guide: how to grow golden-edged winter daphne / how to propagate golden-edged winter daphne
Golden-edged winter daphne profileGolden-edged winter daphne Daphne odora "Aureomarginata"
Cultivation methods and precautions for golden-edged winter daphne Introduction to golden-edged winter daphne
Golden-edged winter daphne is a traditional famous flower of China and also a famous flower of the world. In modern horticultural history, it was praised together with Changchun monk's clivia and Japanese five-needle pine as the Three Treasures of Horticulture. Golden-edged winter daphne is famous worldwide for its four excellences of "color, fragrance, posture, and charm," leaving behind the chant, "The peony is the national beauty and heavenly fragrance, but the golden-edged winter daphne is the finest."
Morphological characteristics of golden-edged winter daphne
Golden-edged winter daphne is a variety of winter daphne and is an evergreen small shrub of the genus Daphne in the family Thymelaeaceae. It has a fleshy root system. The leaves are densely whorled and elliptical, about 5--6 cm long and 2--3 cm wide. The leaf surface is smooth and thick, leathery, hairless on both sides, dark green on the surface, light green on the back, with golden-yellow leaf margins and short thick petioles. It bears terminal head inflorescences, with a tubular perianth, the upper end four-lobed and about 1.5 cm in diameter. Each flower is composed of dozens of small flowers, opening from the outside inward. The flowering period is more than two months, and the full bloom period is during the Spring Festival. The flowers are bright purplish-red and richly fragrant.
Ecological habits of golden-edged winter daphne
For potted golden-edged winter daphne, the potting soil should be fertile, loose, humus-rich, acidic leaf mold, mixed with an appropriate amount of river sand and decomposed cake fertilizer. The roots of golden-edged winter daphne are fleshy, so special attention should be paid to controlling watering during ordinary care and management. If watered too much and the potting soil remains wet for a long time, root rot is likely. After rain, the accumulated water in the pot must be poured out promptly.
Although golden-edged winter daphne likes semi-shade, in winter and spring it should be placed in an environment with sunlight. During the growth period, if light is sufficient and fertilizer efficiency is suitable, the branches can be plump and the leaves dark, and the flowers bright and fragrant. In summer, it should be placed in a well-ventilated cool place, and water should be sprayed to lower the temperature during hot weather. Golden-edged winter daphne relatively likes fertilizer, and during the growing season a dilute liquid fertilizer should be applied about every 10 days. Before and after flowering, apply a dilute cake fertilizer water once each. After Frost's Descent, move it indoors to a sunny place, keep the room temperature at about 5°C, and control watering; the water content of the potting soil should be controlled at about 45% for it to overwinter safely. In addition, golden-edged winter daphne has clustered branches and strong sprouting ability and is tolerant of pruning, so branch training must be carried out after flowering.
Distribution area of golden-edged winter daphne
Golden-edged winter daphne is native to the Yangtze River basin and grows in shaded and humid areas of low mountains and hills. According to the Song Dynasty work Qing Yi Lu, an old monk on Mount Lu sat on a stone bench behind the temple and entered meditation. In a dream he smelled an unusually strong fragrance, rose joyfully, and searched the fragrant grass around him. He found a plant with dense leaves and fragrant flowers, transplanted it into a pot, and offered it before the Buddha, naming it "Shuixiang" (Sleeping Fragrance). Soon the Spring Festival arrived, and the floral fragrance had not diminished. More and more people worshiped the Buddha, and people from all around found it wondrous, all saying it was bestowed by the old Buddha and was an auspicious sign for the year, so the name was changed to Ruixiang. Afterward, more and more people collected seeds, and through the long years of artificial cultivation, domestication, and acclimation, and from the parent varieties of winter daphne that produced bud mutations, the golden-edged winter daphne with golden-edged leaves was selected.
"Golden-edged winter daphne" is produced in Dayu County, Ganzhou, Jiangxi. In March 1996, Dayu County was named by the China Specialty Economy Professional Committee and other relevant departments as the country's only "Hometown of Chinese Winter Daphne."
Cultivation techniques of golden-edged winter daphne
Golden-edged winter daphne is the first choice among potted flowers for its pure flowers and rich fragrance. The propagation method of golden-edged winter daphne mainly uses cuttings from old branches and young branches. This method has the characteristics of a high survival rate, being simple and easy to learn, and saving labor and effort. A brief introduction is as follows:
1. Collection of cuttings
Old-branch cuttings are taken before the plants sprout in spring, generally from late March to early April, selecting 1-year-old thick and strong branches that are robust in growth, well developed, free of pests and diseases, and with plump buds. Young-branch cuttings are taken from June to July using vigorous branches of the current year.
2. Cutting and treatment of cuttings
Golden-edged winter daphne is generally cut from the upper, middle, and lower parts of the stock branch, with middle and upper branches being best and tip sections worst. Old-branch cuttings require a thickness of more than 1 cm and are cut to a length of 15 cm; young-branch cuttings are generally cut to a length of 10-12 cm, retaining only 2-3 leaves at the top of the branch and cutting off all the rest. If the retained leaves are too large, in order to reduce transpiration, each retained leaf should also be cut off by 1/3-1/2. After cutting the cuttings, soak them in a 0.5%-5% sugar solution for 10-12 days, then take them out for planting.
3. Cutting technique
Choose a cutting medium with good permeability and a pH value of about 5, generally using water-retaining fine sandy soil or vermiculite. Before cutting, cut the base of the cutting open from the middle with a sharp knife to a length of 1.5-2 cm, then insert a small stone in the middle so it does not close, increasing the contact area between the base of the cutting and the medium and helping the cutting take root. Insert 1/3-1/2 of the cutting into the medium and press the medium firm.
4. Management after cutting
After cutting, keep the cutting soil moist frequently and promptly supply the water needed for the cuttings to take root, keeping the temperature at 20-25°C. At the beginning of the seedling stage, frequently irrigate with a small amount of clear water, just enough to penetrate the medium. Never use turbid water or flooding irrigation, to prevent young leaves from being stained with mud and suffering scorch damage. At the same time, pay attention to shading and avoid exposure to the sun. The root system of golden-edged winter daphne has fragrance, so ants and earthworms should be prevented from eating it. Generally, rooting occurs 30-35 days after cutting.
Disease control of golden-edged winter daphne: control of stem rot
Golden-edged winter daphne is a precious flower and tree loved by the people, but it is delicate and difficult to grow. The main reason is stem rot.
Symptoms: This disease is not easily discovered in the early stage. The first part to show symptoms is the root crown. The phloem of the diseased part turns black and rots, gradually spreading toward the roots. However, the xylem appears normal, and the leaves remain normally green and do not fall off until death. No disease symptoms are found on the surface.
2. Disease characteristics: The disease occurs from June to October, with July to September as the peak period. This is exactly the period of high temperature and strong light. Observation showed that the incidence rate was 37.5% when placed in sunlight all day, while in a place shaded from sunlight from 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., the incidence rate was only 5%.
Diseased plants are mainly 1-year-old to 5-year-old plants that grow rapidly in spring and have many leaves, and the disease is highly contagious.
Regarding the culture soil, the incidence rate was significantly higher in potting soil that dries easily than in soil with better water retention. Soil with 80% leaf mold content and 20% river sand had a significantly lower incidence rate than soil with half leaf mold and half river sand. Soil with 100% burned manure soil had a lower incidence rate than soil with a high sand content.
Control methods: Based on the disease characteristics of golden-edged winter daphne and three years of practice, the control of stem rot can be undertaken from five aspects:
1. Selection of culture soil: Choose humus-rich soil with good drainage and water retention. This kind of soil can be obtained by directly digging surface leaf mold from mountain forest areas and then mixing in a small amount of river sand and decomposed cake fertilizer, or by choosing garden soil and adding some leaf mold and a small amount of river sand
Golden-edged winter daphne cultivated in a shed
and decomposed cake fertilizer as well.
2. Selection of the placement environment for potted flowers: Golden-edged winter daphne is a plant that likes a cool and ventilated environment. From June to October, from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., potted flowers should be placed in a cool place. Or use the method of building a shade frame to solve this.
3. Timely pruning: For plants that grow vigorously in spring and have many branches and leaves, carry out pinching and leaf removal, and thin out excessive newly sprouted branches to control too-rapid water evaporation.
4. Water management: In summer and autumn, the soil must be kept moist, preferring wet over dry, to ensure the plant's water supply.
5. Treatment of diseased plants: Once a plant becomes diseased, the diseased plant together with the potting soil should be disposed of immediately, and the flower pot should be washed and disinfected. Other unaffected plants should be watered and washed for disinfection with 500 times carbendazim to prevent the disease from spreading.
In short, for stem rot, comprehensive control should be carried out, with prevention as the main approach. For 1-year-old to 5-year-old plants, on the basis of choosing good culture soil and doing good summer and autumn shading work, stem rot can generally be controlled relatively well.[5]
Control of leaf spot disease
Symptoms: At the beginning of the disease, small chlorotic round spots appear on the leaf surface, and later they expand into relatively large nearly circular lesions. The lesion size is variable and there is black mold. The onset time is from April to September. The lower leaves of the plant become diseased first, gradually developing toward the middle and upper leaves, and in severe cases the leaves all fall off, growth weakens, and the whole plant dies.
Control methods: Water reasonably, prevent waterlogging, strengthen ventilation, apply more decomposed liquid fertilizer rich in phosphorus and potassium, promptly clean up diseased plant fallen leaves and burn them in a centralized manner, or spray 1% Bordeaux mixture in early spring for prevention. During the onset period, use mancozeb, carbendazim, and thiophanate-methyl at 500-800 times and spray alternately and crosswise on the leaf surface every 7-10 days for 3-4 consecutive cycles.
Control of wilt disease
Symptoms: At the beginning of the disease, old leaves turn yellow, become brown, and dry up, gradually spreading to the upper old leaves. The onset time is mostly when spring temperatures rise. The pathogen invades from root wounds, and the disease is especially severe in hot and rainy seasons. Generally, from onset to death, the course of disease is generally 15-45 days, and the harm is extremely great.
Control methods: Cultivate reasonably, promptly clean up diseased leaves and branches when disease is found and destroy them, and disinfect the soil with formalin solution or quintozene before potting. In the early stage of the disease, irrigate the roots with carbendazim or benomyl at 800-**** times solution, once a week, for 5-6 consecutive irrigations, with obvious effect.
Medicinal food or medicinal value of golden-edged winter daphne
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Ultimate flower-protecting task: Love yourself, start from reality, and strictly follow a doctor's advice. For illness, do not be careless, do not delay, do not give up hope, face it bravely, use love to warm the silent world, and use your heart to care for the flower field within.
Medicinal value
Golden-edged winter daphne contains daphnin. Its roots, stems, leaves, and flowers can all be used as medicine. It is sweet in nature and nontoxic, and has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, reducing inflammation and relieving pain, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and dissipating nodules. It has been included in the compilation of the Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
In Dayu County, the hometown of Chinese winter daphne, golden-edged winter daphne has a long cultivation history, and it is the main production base of golden-edged winter daphne in China. The golden-edged winter daphne produced in this county is good in quality and large in quantity. Every year it supplies golden-edged winter daphne seedlings to all parts of the country and sells hundreds of thousands of potted flowering plants annually, and it is also exported to Southeast Asia.
The economic and social benefits are both very good. Many farmers have shaken off poverty and become rich by growing golden-edged winter daphne, and many laid-off workers have found a way to re-employ by growing flowers, with economic income greatly increased compared with when they were employed. Because the development of the flower industry has also driven the prosperity of related industries, it has promoted the overall economic development of Dayu County.
According to the compilation of the "Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine," the roots, stems, leaves, and flowers can all be used as medicine. It is sweet in nature and nontoxic, and has the functions of clearing heat and detoxifying, reducing inflammation and swelling, and promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.
In folk use, fresh leaves are often pounded and applied to treat sore throat, toothache, blood furuncles, and hot boils, and the flowers are steeped in wine for external application to treat unnamed swellings and toxins and various skin diseases.
The main medicinal component of golden-edged winter daphne is "daphnin."
Its flowers, leaves, bark, and roots can all be used as medicine. It is sweet, cold, and nontoxic. It has the effects of reducing inflammation and detoxifying, promoting blood circulation and diuresis, reducing swelling and relieving pain, and dissipating blood and invigorating stasis. It can treat unnamed swellings and toxins, furuncles, mastitis, ulceration, tooth and throat pain, stomach disease, and so on.
The methods are as follows:
1. Pick several leaves of golden-edged winter daphne, pound them, and apply to the affected area. It can treat blood furuncles, ulceration, unnamed swellings and toxins, mastitis, and so on. Apply several times and it can take effect.
2. Golden-edged winter daphne is a deciduous evergreen shrub. In spring, after new leaves grow out, the old leaves naturally fall off. Wash the naturally fallen leaves, dry them in the sun, then soak them in white liquor and set aside for later use. If there is unnamed swelling and pain, poisonous mosquito or insect bites, furuncles, and so on, rub on the affected area several times a day. If there is toothache, dip a cotton ball in the medicinal liquor and bite it with the painful tooth to relieve pain.
3. After the petals of golden-edged winter daphne naturally fall off, pick them up and dry them in the sun, soak them in sesame oil or camellia oil, and aside from toothache, the usage is as above
Functions and uses of golden-edged winter daphne: ornamental value
Golden-edged winter daphne blooms during the Spring Festival, with a flowering period of 60 days. Its posture is graceful and free, bending and stretching naturally. Its leaves are neat and green, with golden edges inlaid along the leaf margins, yellow like gold and green like jade. The jade leaves and golden edges remain luxuriant all year round.
The flowering period coincides with the celebration of the New Spring Festival. The floral fragrance accompanies the aroma of wine. Its flowers bloom all over the branches in clusters and bunches, flourishing like brocade and richly fragrant, adding an auspicious sign to the New Spring.
Golden-edged winter daphne is a traditional famous flower of China and also a famous flower of the world. In modern horticultural history, it was praised together with Changchun monk's clivia and Japanese five-needle pine as the Three Treasures of Horticulture.
First, its tree posture is graceful, its branches vigorous, bending and stretching naturally, full and graceful, with elegant charm, inner spirit, handsome beauty, and full vitality.
Second, its golden-edged jade leaves have golden inlay along the leaf margins, neat and bright, verdant and deep green, luxuriant all year round, and enjoyable in all four seasons.
Third, it blooms at the right time, and its full bloom period coincides with the very beginning of the New Spring. With its auspicious sign, it adds joy to people's celebration of the New Spring and to welcoming guests and seeing them off. The floral fragrance accompanying the aroma of wine is even more full of festive spirit.
Fourth, the flowering period is long. From bud formation, it changes from green to purplish-red. It opens tube by tube from the outside inward, flourishing like brocade, with a flowering period of more than two months.
Fifth, the floral fragrance is rich and overflows in all directions, filling the hall with fragrance and refreshing the heart and mind, with a tendency to gather the essence of all flowers and the spirit of clustered fragrances. It is indeed a precious flower with excellent posture, color, fragrance, and charm, a superior New Year flower, and is deeply favored by the vast number of flower lovers; more and more people buy golden-edged winter daphne for the New Year, and it has become a new fashion.
Cultural background of golden-edged winter daphne: origin of the flower name
There is also a legend about the origin of the flower name "golden-edged winter daphne": long ago, a monk traveled to Dayu. Because he felt tired, he rested leaning against a stone. In his sleep he smelled waves of floral fragrance, very strong. After waking, the floral fragrance was indeed still there, so he went to look for it and indeed found it, and then named the flower "Shuixiang" (Sleeping Fragrance). Later, some people felt that the character "shui" meaning sleep was inelegant both in speech and in sound, so they changed the character "shui" to "rui."
The flower language of golden-edged winter daphne
Golden-edged winter daphne is famous worldwide for its four excellences of "color, fragrance, posture, and charm." It opens around the Spring Festival, with branches full of clusters and bunches, flourishing like brocade and richly fragrant, adding an auspicious sign to the New Spring, and thus it has become an object that adds auspiciousness and good fortune to people's homes during the Spring Festival. Therefore, the flower language of golden-edged winter daphne is: auspiciousness and good luck.
Golden-edged winter daphne pictures
How to grow golden-edged winter daphne, cultivation methods and precautions for golden-edged winter daphne
Golden-edged winter daphne is a variety of winter daphne. It blooms before the Spring Festival, adding much color to the New Spring Festival. Golden-edged winter daphne is not only a plant for people to admire; its flowers, leaves, bark, and roots can all be used as medicine, so golden-edged winter daphne also has very high medicinal value. Today let us take a look together at how to grow golden-edged winter daphne, and the cultivation methods and precautions for golden-edged winter daphne.
1. What is golden-edged winter daphne?
Golden-edged winter daphne is an evergreen small shrub of the genus Daphne in the family Thymelaeaceae. It has a fleshy root system. The leaves are densely whorled and elliptical, about 5--6 cm long and 2--3 cm wide. The leaf surface is smooth and thick, leathery, hairless on both sides, dark green on the surface, light green on the back, with golden-yellow leaf margins and short thick petioles. It bears terminal head inflorescences, with a tubular perianth, the upper end four-lobed and about 1.5 cm in diameter. Each flower is composed of dozens of small flowers, opening from the outside inward. The flowering period is more than two months, and the full bloom period is during the Spring Festival. The flowers are bright purplish-red and richly fragrant.
2. How to grow golden-edged winter daphne, cultivation methods and precautions for golden-edged winter daphne 1. Soil:For potted golden-edged winter daphne, the potting soil should be fertile, loose, humus-rich, acidic leaf mold, mixed with an appropriate amount of river sand and decomposed cake fertilizer.
2. Watering:The roots of golden-edged winter daphne are fleshy, so special attention should be paid to controlling watering during ordinary care and management. If watered too much and the potting soil remains wet for a long time, root rot is likely. After rain, the accumulated water in the pot must be poured out promptly.
3. Sunlight:Although golden-edged winter daphne likes semi-shade, in winter and spring it should be placed in an environment with sunlight. During the growth period, if light is sufficient and fertilizer efficiency is suitable, the branches can be plump and the leaves dark, and the flowers bright and fragrant. In summer, it should be placed in a well-ventilated cool place, and water should be sprayed to lower the temperature during hot weather.
4. Temperature:After Frost's Descent, move golden-edged winter daphne indoors to a sunny place, keep the room temperature at about 5°C, and control watering; the water content of the potting soil should be controlled at about 45% for it to overwinter completely.
5. Fertilizing:Golden-edged winter daphne relatively likes fertilizer, and during the growing season a dilute liquid fertilizer should be applied about every 10 days. Before and after flowering, apply a dilute cake fertilizer water once each.
6. Pests:The main pests harming golden-edged winter daphne are aphids and scale insects, which mostly appear in dry and hot climates and should be controlled early. The main disease is mosaic disease caused by a virus. Diseased plants show color spots and deformities on the leaf surface, poor flowering, and stagnated growth. Once discovered, they should be dug out together with the roots and burned.
7. Pruning:Golden-edged winter daphne has clustered branches and strong sprouting ability and is tolerant of pruning, so branch training must be carried out after flowering.
8. Cutting technique:Choose a cutting medium with good permeability and a pH value of about 5, generally using water-retaining fine sandy soil or vermiculite. Before cutting, cut the base of the cutting open from the middle with a sharp knife to a length of 1.5-2 cm, then insert a small stone in the middle so it does not close, increasing the contact area between the base of the cutting and the medium and helping the cutting take root. Insert 1/3-1/2 of the cutting into the medium and press the medium firm.
9. Management after cutting:After cutting, keep the cutting soil moist frequently and promptly supply the water needed for the cuttings to take root, keeping the temperature at 20-25°C. At the beginning of the seedling stage, frequently irrigate with a small amount of clear water, just enough to penetrate the medium. Never use turbid water or flooding irrigation, to prevent young leaves from being stained with mud and suffering scorch damage. At the same time, pay attention to shading and avoid exposure to the sun. The root system of golden-edged winter daphne has fragrance, so ants and earthworms should be prevented from eating it. Generally, rooting occurs 30-35 days after cutting
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