Gladiolus got leaf spot disease? Detailed control methods

Symptoms: Leaf spots are reddish-brown, with darker edges and lighter centers, nearly round, 1-5 mm; the spots may merge into large patches, and in severe cases the spots cover the entire leaf, causing the leaves to wither early.

Pathogen: Cercospora sp., a Cercospora fungus. Conidiophores are light brown, nearly colorless at the tip, septate, 23.1-70.4 microns x 3.9-5.7 microns; conidia are colorless, slender and tail-whip shaped, 21.1-120.8 microns x 3.1-5.1 microns.

Disease pattern: The pathogen overwinters as mycelium in diseased residues and corms, and spreads through airflow and rainwater; it is more severe in warm, humid conditions.

Control methods: (1) Plant at an appropriate density, avoid overwatering, and spray phytoalexin at 7500 times dilution to promote early and rapid growth. (2) At the early stage of disease, spray 40% carbendazim-sulfur suspension concentrate at 800 times dilution, or 50% thiophanate-methyl at 500 times dilution, or 58% Ridomil wettable powder at 800 times dilution, 50% procymidone at 2000 times dilution, or 50% benomyl at 1000-1500 times dilution, once every 7-10 days, for 2-3 consecutive sprays.

How to grow gladiolus, gladiolus cultivation methods

How to grow gladiolus. Gladiolus, as a common plant, is known along with roses, carnations, and gerbera daisies as the “four major cut flowers of the world.” So many flower lovers grow a gladiolus at home. Below are the cultivation methods and care points for gladiolus, which we hope will help flower lovers growing gladiolus.

Gladiolus should be planted in soil with good aeration and water permeability. If the soil at the planting site is relatively heavy and clayey, organic fertilizer, straw, or sand can be mixed in before planting to improve it. Gladiolus requires a soil pH between 6—7. A soil pH below 5 can cause fluorine toxicity; to raise soil pH, lime must be added to the soil one month before planting (mixed evenly with the soil) for correction. A soil pH above 7.5 can cause nutrient deficiency symptoms, which can be prevented by adding more organic fertilizer to the soil.

Before gladiolus emerges, water once every 10 days. After the seedlings emerge fully, do not let them dry out, otherwise the leaf tips tend to turn yellow. After the flower spike appears, they must not suffer drought even more; in summer when there is no rain, water once every 4 days. After flowering, watering should stop to extend the flowering period.

Gladiolus likes a warm, humid climate, avoids high heat, and is not cold-tolerant. The most suitable temperature for growth is 20-25°C. When early spring soil temperature rises above 5°C, the corms can sprout. When summer temperatures rise above 35°C, growth is inhibited. Gladiolus generally blooms about 3 months after planting, but the cultivation cycle is greatly affected by the temperature during the growing period. The higher the temperature during the growing period, the shorter the cultivation cycle. For example, when the average temperature during the growing period is 12°C, gladiolus takes 110-120 days from planting to flowering; when the average temperature reaches 15°C, only 90-100 days are needed; at 20°C, 70-80 days are needed; when it reaches 25°C, the cultivation cycle is only 60-70 days.

Gladiolus is not shade-tolerant and is a long-day plant. The most suitable condition is 16 hours of light per day. Cut flower varieties are greatly affected by light; sufficient sunlight makes them grow robustly, with strong stress resistance, and makes flower colors vivid and long-lasting. However, in hot summers, strong direct sunlight should also be avoided.

Gladiolus is a shallow-rooted plant, so fertilizer should be applied shallowly. Fertilization should include nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Topdressing should be done at the two-true-leaf stage (after flower bud differentiation) and at the booting stage: apply dilute manure water plus urea once, apply a heavier potassium fertilizer once at the mid stage, and pay attention to controlling nitrogen later to avoid excessive vegetative growth and lodging. For plots mainly producing corms, potassium fertilizer should be the main additional application.

Common diseases of gladiolus include corm rot and leaf blight; common pests include thrips and slugs. Pay attention to care and handle them promptly.

1. After receiving it, cut a small section from the lower end of the flower stem at 45°, remove the lowermost flowers that affect vase placement, and remove leaves that would be submerged in water.

2. Fill the vase 1/3 with water. If preservative is used, change the water and trim the stems every 2-3 days; without preservative, change the water every 1-2 days. Clean the mouth of the vase to avoid bacterial growth.

3. Avoid direct sunlight and wind.

Cultivation methods and precautions for snake plant (Sansevieria)

Cultivation methods and precautions for snake plant

  Ecological habits: A light-loving long-day plant. In winter cultivation, light should be increased on cloudy days; it fears cold and freezing. The suitable growth temperature is 20-25°C during the day and 10-15°C at night. Corms that have passed the dormant period sprout at 4-5°C; during winter cultivation, plants freeze to death at a low temperature of 0°C. It is not tolerant of waterlogging, and the cultivation site should avoid water accumulation. It likes fertile, loose, well-drained sandy loam soil, with a pH of 5.6-6.5 being best.

  The main diseases are:

  A. Penicillium rot: during harvest and transport, try not to injure the seed corms; before planting, soak in 2% potassium permanganate solution for: hours; during growth, pull out diseased plants at any time.

  B. Dry rot: when planting, select disease-free mother corms, and during growth, promptly pull out diseased plants.

  C. "Blind flower" is a physiological disease that mostly occurs in protected cultivation in winter. The prevention method is to ensure suitable temperature and light, and select varieties tolerant of low temperature and short-day conditions.

  The main pest is the two-lined slug. It can be killed by spraying lime water or ammonia water; scatter lime powder around the garden to prevent them from entering; and hand-collect and kill them.

  Soil

  Snake plant requires loose soil with strong air permeability, so when preparing soil for snake plant, be sure to use 2/3 leaf mold plus 1/3 garden soil. Remember that the soil must be loose and breathable, otherwise water will not evaporate easily and the rhizomes will rot. You can also mix 3 parts fertile garden soil with 1 part cinder, then add a small amount of soybean cake or chicken manure as base fertilizer.

  Propagation

  It can be propagated by division and cuttings. All varieties of snake plant can use the division method, generally carried out together with repotting in spring. The method is to cut overly dense leaf clusters into several clusters; each cluster, in addition to leaves, must also have a section of rhizome and suckers, and then plant them separately in pots.

  For snake plant varieties with yellow edges or silver veins, use the cutting method. It can be done when the temperature is above 15°C. The method is to take leaves 5-10 cm long, let them dry slightly, and insert them into sand. When inserting cuttings, they must not be upside down. After insertion, spray with Xin Gao Zhi Mo; on the plant surface, it can prevent pathogen infection, improve resistance to natural disasters, and increase photosynthesis intensity. Pay attention to maintaining a certain humidity, and roots will form after one month.

  Temperature

  Snake plant has fairly high temperature requirements. Its suitable growth temperature is 20-30°C, and growth stops below 13°C. In winter, the minimum temperature should not be lower than 10°C, otherwise the base of the plant will rot and the whole plant will die.

  Humidity

  During the growing period, watering snake plant should follow the principle of preferring dry over wet. In spring, when new shoots emerge at the root crown, water appropriately more to keep the potting soil moist. In the rainy season, never allow water to accumulate in the pot. Usually, clean water can be used to wipe dust from the leaf surface to keep the leaves clean and glossy.

  Generally speaking, if the soil is relatively loose, water twice a week; in winter when the weather is colder, watering once is enough.

  Fertilizer

  Snake plant does not have high fertilizer requirements. During the growing season, apply 15% cake fertilizer water once every half month. Spraying Zhuang Jing Ling can make the plant stems thick and strong, the leaves thick, the leaf color fresh and tender, and the plant lush. During the peak growth period, apply fertilizer 1-2 times a month, and the amount should be small; if only nitrogen fertilizer is applied for a long time, the markings on the leaves will become dull, so compound fertilizer is generally used. You can also evenly bury 3 holes of cooked soybeans in the soil at the edge of the pot, 7-10 beans per hole, being careful not to let them touch the roots; stop fertilizing from November to March of the following year.

  Diseases and pests

  The common diseases of snake plant are mainly leaf spot and anthracnose, which can be treated by spraying 50% carbendazim; the common pest is weevil damage, which can be killed by spraying 50% fenitrothion emulsifiable concentrate at 1000 times dilution.

  Mature snake plants can bloom every year and are also fragrant, but they are mainly grown for foliage. This type of plant is drought-tolerant, moisture-tolerant, and shade-tolerant, and can adapt to various harsh environments. It is suitable for garden beautification or pot cultivation, and is an advanced indoor flower plant, very suitable for decorating living rooms, studies, and other places.

  According to experts, snake plant can absorb more than 80% of harmful gases indoors, especially its ability to handle formaldehyde is extremely strong, making it especially useful in newly renovated houses, and snake plant can also resist radiation. The above cultivation methods and precautions for snake plant are for your reference!