Is choosing grape varieties to plant difficult? Choosing this way makes it easier

I. Choosing varieties according to the cultivation region

1. Requirements for cold resistance.

In China, it is customary to take the junction of Anyang City, Henan Province and Handan City, Hebei Province as the boundary and draw a straight line running northeast to southwest; north of this line is the grape soil-burying winter protection zone, and south of it is the non-soil-burying winter protection zone. However, in the transitional zone between soil-burying and non-soil-burying, grape freeze damage also often occurs. Growers in this region who do not adopt soil-burying winter protection measures should pay attention to choosing cold-resistant varieties. The cold resistance of Kyoho-line and other American-European varieties is usually stronger than that of Vitis vinifera varieties, and early-maturing varieties are usually stronger than late-maturing varieties. Among common cultivated varieties, Kyoho, Fujiminori, Moldova and others have relatively strong cold resistance, while Crimson Seedless, Lady's Finger and others have relatively poor cold resistance.

2. Requirements for disease resistance.

In most areas south of the Yangtze River in China, summer rainfall is relatively abundant. If rain-shelter cultivation is not used, it is recommended to choose Kyoho-line varieties (such as Kyoho, Jingya, Fujiminori, etc.) or other highly disease-resistant varieties (such as Moldova, etc.) to reduce diseases. Because rainfall in central China is relatively concentrated from July to September, early-maturing varieties perform better when chosen.

3. Requirements for growth vigor.

In the arid, rain-scarce regions of western China, varieties with somewhat stronger growth vigor can be chosen, while in the rainier regions of central and southern China, varieties with moderate or somewhat weak growth vigor can be chosen.

4. Requirements for rootstocks under different soil conditions.

The rootstocks commonly used in production all have relatively good adaptability. For example, S04 tolerates calcareous soil, has strong moisture resistance, and has good salt-alkali tolerance, resistance to grape phylloxera, resistance to root-knot nematodes, and high resistance to crown gall; Beta has a well-developed root system and relatively strong cold resistance, drought resistance, moisture resistance, and disease resistance; 5BB is extremely resistant to grape phylloxera and resistant to root-knot nematodes, and has relatively strong drought tolerance and tolerance of calcareous soil.

II. Choosing varieties according to cultivation method

1. Protected early-forcing cultivation.

In protected early-forcing cultivation, early-maturing and extremely early-maturing grape varieties should be chosen that have low chilling requirements, tolerance of weak light, easy flower bud formation, high fruit set rate, good coloring under scattered light, and a short fruit development period. Excellent varieties meeting the above conditions include Summer Black Seedless, Victoria, Zaoheibao, 87-1, Jingmi, Ruidu Xiangyu, Yatomi Rosa and others. Excellent varieties basically meeting the above conditions include Zana, Xiangfei, Seedless White Chicken Heart, Auguste, Zhengzhou Zaoyu, Summer Solstice Red, Hongshuangwei, 8612 and others. However, in large early-maturing variety cultivation areas, some distinctive, high-quality, high-yielding mid-maturing varieties that ripen on the early side may be appropriately chosen.

2. Delayed cultivation.

In this cultivation model, late-maturing and extremely late-maturing excellent varieties can be chosen, such as Red Globe, Christmas Rose, Autumn Black, Ruby Seedless, Red Italia and others.

3. Rain-shelter cultivation. In the rain-shelter cultivation model, because the grape growing and development environment is greatly improved, some high-quality, high-grade varieties with outstanding characteristics that are not easily grown successfully under open-field conditions can be chosen.

III. Choosing varieties according to sales target

1. Variety selection with rural people as the sales target.

When facing the rural market, it is recommended to give priority to the variety's high-yielding capacity while also taking into account characteristics such as high quality, ease of management, and strong disease resistance. Early-maturing varieties meeting these conditions include Victoria, Jingya, 8611, Pink Yadumi, 87-1, Auguste and others; mid-maturing varieties include Kyoho, Fujiminori, Moldova, Ribier, Ricamat and others; late-maturing varieties include Christmas Rose, Ruby Seedless, Red Globe and others.

2. Variety selection with affluent people and picking tourism as the sales target.

When the target is supplying affluent people, priority should be given to developing varieties with excellent quality while also taking into account high yield and other traits, such as early-maturing varieties like Xiangfei, Summer Black, Jingmi, etc.; mid-maturing varieties like Zuijinxiang, Jumeigui, Muscat Hamburg, etc.; and late-maturing high-quality varieties like Weike, Italia (yellow), Christmas Rose, etc. When the target is sightseeing and picking, attention should be paid to appropriately choosing varieties with unusual fruit appearance, such as Lady's Finger, Purple Globe, Red Globe, Fujiminori, etc.; consideration should be given to extending the picking period. In addition to combining varieties with different ripening periods, mid- and late-maturing varieties are also required to remain on the vine in good quality for as long as possible after full ripening; attention should be paid to choosing some varieties with aroma, such as Xiangfei, Guifei Rose, Jumeigui, Zuijinxiang, Muscat Hamburg and others with rose aroma, and Kyoho-line varieties with strawberry aroma, etc.

IV. Choosing varieties according to cultivation area

Cultivation area is also an important reason affecting variety selection. The mid-maturing variety Kyoho occupies an absolutely dominant position in China's planting area, and Red Globe also holds a large market share. Therefore, it is common in China that early-maturing grape varieties command high prices in summer, and when the mid-maturing variety Kyoho comes onto the market, prices fall to their lowest point of the year, then begin to rise again, reaching another price peak around the eve of National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival. According to the above price pattern, when grapes ripen, early-maturing varieties should be cleared from the trellis in time and sold early, while late-maturing varieties can be sold slowly to obtain maximum returns. Therefore, when the grape planting area is relatively large, late-maturing varieties or mid-maturing varieties that can be left on the vine for delayed harvest after ripening should be chosen as much as possible. In addition, the storage and transport performance of the varieties should also be taken into account to attract middlemen to purchase.

V. Also taking into account the development direction of the grape industry

1. High quality.

As people's living standards continue to improve, people require grapes not only to have high sugar content, but also to have a certain aroma, beautiful appearance, uniform and consistent clusters, and so on. Based on this situation, in order to obtain high-quality fruit, in addition to choosing some of the excellent varieties recommended above, it is suggested that grape growers should also strengthen management from the production perspective, including increasing the application of organic fertilizer, yield-limited cultivation, cluster trimming, fruit bagging, water control during the ripening period, timely harvesting, etc., so as to better bring out the high-quality characteristics of the varieties.

2. Seedlessness.

Seedlessness is one of the future development directions of the grape industry. However, at present most seedless grape varieties have relatively small berries, generally with a single berry weight of 5-6 grams, and some must undergo chemical treatment to achieve the desired effect because the berries are too small (such as Summer Black Seedless). This should be taken into consideration when choosing.