Identification of Leaf Spot Disease Symptoms on Purple Shamrock (Oxalis triangularis) and Treatment Methods
1. Disease symptoms. Leaf spot disease affects the leaves of purple shamrock. When the disease occurs, light purple water-soaked irregular lesions appear on the leaves; some have distinct edges with a clear boundary from healthy tissue, while others do not. The lesions turn yellowish-brown and gradually expand, with the center turning gray and the edges turning brown.
1. Disease symptoms
Leaf spot disease affects the leaves of purple shamrock. When the disease occurs, light purple water-soaked irregular lesions appear on the leaves; some have distinct edges with a clear boundary from healthy tissue, while others do not. The lesions turn yellowish-brown and gradually expand, with the center turning gray and the edges turning brown. After several lesions merge, the tissue between them turns yellow and dies. When humid, black powdery mold layers form on the lesion areas. Severely affected leaves will dry up and curl.
2. Disease pattern
During the growing season, purple shamrock produces dense foliage, and the lower part has poor ventilation and light penetration. When planted too densely, leaf spot disease is prone to occur. Diseased plant residues and plant debris in the soil are overwintering sites for the pathogen. Conidia spread through airflow and rainwater. High temperature and high humidity environments favor the spread and progression of the disease. The pathogen invades purple shamrock through stomata or wounds. The disease can occur from early May to early September, and can occur year-round in greenhouses. When the temperature is 24-35°C and the relative humidity is above 90%, the disease is most severe, and it is more common during the rainy season. Continuous cropping in the same soil leads to severe disease occurrence.
3. Control measures
① Agricultural control:
Strengthen field management. Combined with pruning and shaping of purple shamrock, promptly remove infected sources such as diseased leaves, residual leaves and dead leaves in protected areas. Avoid continuous cropping as much as possible; crop rotation of more than two years should be adopted. Strengthen cultivation and maintenance, apply fertilizer and water reasonably, pay attention to ventilation and light penetration, and maintain moderate soil moisture.
② Chemical control:
In the early stage of the disease, use 70% thiophanate-methyl at 1000 times dilution and 50% carbendazim at 500 times dilution, alternately spraying on purple shamrock leaves, once every 7-10 days, for 2-3 consecutive sprays. Alternatively, mix 3 kg of plant ash with 1 kg of quicklime powder, stir evenly and broadcast, applying 40-60 g per pot, which has a clear control effect on purple shamrock leaf spot disease.
Oxalis corniculata L. Oxalis picture gallery: How to grow Oxalis / How to propagate Oxalis
Oxalis profileOxalis corniculata L.
Oxalis growing methods and precautions, Introduction to Oxalis
Oxalis, a perennial herb, with sparse soft hairs throughout; stems prostrate or ascending, much branched. Leaves alternate, palmately compound with 3 leaflets, obcordate, leaflets sessile. Flower colors vary, with red and yellow being common. It prefers sunny, warm and humid environments. In hot summer regions, partial shade is suitable. It has strong drought resistance but is not cold-tolerant. It can grow in general garden soil, but grows most vigorously in sandy loam rich in humus. It has a short dormancy period in summer. The whole plant is used as medicine, with effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, reducing swelling and dispersing stagnation.
Because its flowers are yellow, Oxalis is also called yellow-flowered oxalis in some literature from Taiwan, China. However, in some literature it refers to Oxalis pes-caprae. This is hereby clarified.
Oxalis (Tang Bencao), sour-tasting grass (Guangzhou), jiujiu suan (Tang Bencao), suancu jiang (Henan).
Morphological characteristics of Oxalis
Stem: herbaceous, stems erect or climbing.
Leaves: leaflets heart-shaped, about 0.3-1.5 cm long, 0.5-2 cm wide, usually three leaflets arranged around a central axis, occasionally multiple leaflets growing together. Petioles about 1-7 cm long, stipules very small but clearly distinct.
Fruit: fruit is a conical capsule, about 5-20 mm, which bursts open at maturity to eject seeds.
Seeds: immature seeds are white, mature seeds are brown. Seeds have rough protrusions resembling fingerprints and can easily attach to surfaces.
Flowers: flowers are yellow, single-petaled, usually with 5 petals, petals about 0.7-1 cm long, pedicels about 0.6-1.5 cm long.
Herbaceous, 10-35 cm tall, entire plant covered with soft hairs. Rhizome slightly thickened. Stems slender, much branched, erect or prostrate, rooting at nodes of prostrate stems. Leaves basal or alternate on stems; stipules small, oblong or ovate, densely covered with long soft hairs along the margin, basally connate with the petiole, or lower stipules on the same plant conspicuous while upper ones inconspicuous; petiole 1-13 cm long, with a joint at the base; leaflets 3, sessile, obcordate, 4-16 mm long, 4-22 mm wide, apex concave, base broadly cuneate, both surfaces covered with soft hairs or the upper surface hairless, hairs denser along veins, margin with appressed cilia. Flowers solitary or several in umbel-like clusters, axillary, peduncle pale red, nearly as long as leaves; pedicels 4-15 mm long, elongating after fruiting; bracteoles 2, lanceolate, 2.5-4 mm long, membranous; sepals 5, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 3-5 mm long, abaxial surface and margin covered with soft hairs, persistent; petals 5, yellow, oblong-obovate, 6-8 mm long, 4-5 mm wide; stamens 10, filaments white and semi-transparent, sometimes sparsely short-pubescent, connate at base, alternating long and short, longer ones with larger anthers and maturing earlier; ovary oblong, 5-locular, covered with short appressed hairs, styles 5, stigma capitate. Capsule long-cylindrical, 1-2.5 cm long, 5-angled. Seeds long-ovate, 1-1.5 mm long, brown or reddish-brown, with transverse ribbed reticulate pattern. Flowering and fruiting period February-September.
Original morphology
Oxalis, perennial herb. Rhizome slender, stems slender and weak, often brown, prostrate or ascending, much branched, covered with soft hairs. Petiole of compound leaf 2-6.5 cm long; stipules conspicuous; leaflets 3, obcordate, 4-10 mm long, apex concave, base broadly cuneate, upper surface hairless, abaxial surface sparsely covered with appressed hairs, hairs denser on veins, margin with appressed cilia; sessile. Flowers solitary or several forming axillary umbels; pedicels as long as petioles; flowers yellow, sepals long-ovate-lanceolate, about 4 mm long, apex obtuse; petals obovate, about 9 mm long, apex rounded, slightly connate at base; filament bases connate into a tube; styles 5. Capsule nearly cylindrical, 1-1.5 cm long, slightly 5-angled, with a beak, dehiscing elastically at maturity; seeds dark brown, nearly ovate but flattened, with longitudinal groove lines. Flowering period May-August, fruiting period June-September.
Oxalis is a perennial herb, with sparse soft hairs throughout; stems prostrate or ascending, much branched. Leaves alternate, palmately compound with 3 leaflets, obcordate, leaflets sessile. Flowers yellow, 1 to several forming axillary umbels, sepals oblong, apex acute, with soft hairs; petals obovate, slightly recurved outward; filament bases connate into a tube. Capsule nearly cylindrical, 5-angled, with short soft hairs, ejecting seeds when dehiscing at maturity. Seeds small, flattened-ovate, reddish-brown, with transverse grooves. Flowering and fruiting period April-August.
Ecological habits of Oxalis
Grows on hillside grassy areas, along river valleys, roadsides, field edges, wasteland or shaded and moist places under forests.
Distribution range of Oxalis
Widely distributed throughout the country. Grows on hillside grassy areas, along river valleys, roadsides, field edges, wasteland or shaded and moist places under forests. Also distributed in temperate and subtropical Asia, Europe, the Mediterranean and North America.
Oxalis is widely distributed around the world, including Oceania, the Caribbean, Bermuda, China, Taiwan, China, Colombia, Canada, the Cayman Islands, Australia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Indonesia, Hawaii, Japan, Malaysia, Guam, South Korea, the United States, Vietnam, Mexico, Mauritius, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Thailand, etc.
Dietary or medicinal value of Oxalis
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The medical content on TheNaturePlanet is for reference only and cannot be regarded as professional advice. For any health problems, consult professional medical personnel. Medicinal information (1)
The whole plant is used as medicine; it can reduce fever and promote urination, reduce swelling and disperse blood stasis; stems and leaves contain oxalic acid and can be used to polish mirrors or wipe copperware to give it luster. Cattle and sheep eating too much of it can be poisoned to death.
Medicinal material name: Yellow-flowered oxalis, suanjiangcao, mantianxing, sanyesuan, suanweicao, suanmizicao, liujiaofang
Chinese family name: Oxalis
Latin family name: Oxalidaceae
Chinese genus name: Oxalis
Latin genus name: Oxalis
Chinese species name: Oxalis
Latin species name: Oxalis corniculata L.
Medicinal part: whole plant
Morphological characteristics: Perennial herb, 15-22 cm tall, whole plant sour-tasting. Roots slender or thick; stems slender and soft, lower part lying obliquely on the ground in a prostrate manner, much branched, forming clumps, upper part slightly erect, green, tinged with purple, covered with hairs, with adventitious roots at nodes. Leaves trifoliolate, with long petioles; leaflets 3, obcordate, 5-13 mm long, 6-15 mm wide, apex concave, base cuneate, entire margin, abaxial surface along veins and margin with short hairs; leaflets sessile, umbels axillary, with 2-6 flowers, peduncle slender, purplish, hairy; sepals and petals both in 5s; stamens 10, 5 long and 5 short, filament bases connate into a tube; ovary superior, 5-locular; stigma 5-lobed. Capsule nearly cylindrical, with 5 longitudinal angles, hairy, dehiscing spontaneously at maturity, ejecting seeds. Flowering period July-August, fruiting period August-September.
Distribution: various regions
Habitat: roadsides, fields and gardens, beside houses
Habit: sun-loving
Propagation method: seeds
Functions: rheumatism, traumatic injuries, snake bites
Main indications: cold and fever, nosebleed, hepatitis, urinary tract infection, stones, neurasthenia, bacillary dysentery, erysipelas, traumatic injuries, carbuncles, swellings and sores
Medicinal information (2)
Scientific name: Oxalis corniculata Linn.
English name: Creeping Woodsorrel, Creeping Oxalis
Family name: Oxalidaceae
Aliases: suanjiangcao, suansuancao, banjiujiu suan, sanyesuan, yansuanzaicao, suanji, sanyesuancao, suanmucao, jiujiusuancao, xiaosuanmao, quelincao, suanjiang, chisunshi, suanjiujiu, tianzicao, queercao, suanmucao, xiaosuanmiao, suancao, sanjiaosuan, queersuan, banjiucao, suanweicao, suanmimicao, sanyesuanjiang, suanbanxian, xiansuancao, suanzucao, suandelihu, pudilian, suanmeicao, sanyepotongqian, huanghuamei, laoyazui, huanghuacao, liuyelian, yewangguacao, wangguasuan, chongtianpao, changxuecao, suanzhicao, suanpizi, dongyanghuocao, shuijinghua, puguasuan, bogusuan sanmeicao, laoyasuan, qiyecao, taiyangmei.
Traditional Chinese medicine properties
Introduction: Oxalis is truly as ordinary as can be. Part the grass and you can see it everywhere. Its leaves all grow at the top of the stems, and each stem has only three, like the rotor blades of a helicopter, or the bamboo dragonflies that children used to play with. The character "cu" in "cujiangcao" is interchangeable with "cu" meaning vinegar. The Compendium of Materia Medica also says it "tastes like vinegar," and both stems and leaves are like this. In the Newly Revised Materia Medica compiled during the Tang Dynasty, there is a record of "suanjiang," which says this herb is harvested in May, dried in the shade and can be used as medicine to treat difficult childbirth. The whole plant is used as medicine, with effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, reducing swelling and dispersing stagnation. It can treat snake and insect stings, and can also treat blood in urine, urinary tract infection, jaundice and hepatitis, etc. It can be harvested in all four seasons, with better medicinal efficacy when harvested in summer and autumn when there are flowers and fruits. Remove mud and sand, and dry in the sun. Nature and flavor, meridian entry: sour, cool. Functions and indications: clear heat and drain dampness, detoxify and reduce swelling. Used for cold and fever, enteritis, urinary tract infection, urinary tract stones, neurasthenia; externally for traumatic injuries, venomous snake bites, carbuncles, swellings and sores, athlete's foot, eczema, burns and scalds. Usage and dosage: 0.5-2 liang; appropriate amount for external use, fresh product mashed and applied to the affected area, or decocted in water for washing.
Medicinal material properties
Oxalis name explanations: suanjiang, sanyesuan, sanjiaosuan, suanmu, cumu, suanji, jiujiu suan, quelincao, xiaosuanmao, chisunshi.
Odor and taste: sour, cold, non-toxic.
Medicinal value
The whole plant is used as medicine; it can reduce fever and promote urination, reduce swelling and disperse blood stasis; stems and leaves contain oxalic acid and can be used to polish mirrors or wipe copperware to give it luster. Cattle and sheep eating too much of it can be poisoned to death.
Oxalis (Tang Bencao)
[Source] The whole plant of Oxalis corniculata, a plant in the Oxalidaceae family.
[Chemical composition] Stems and leaves contain a large amount of oxalate. Leaves contain citric acid and a large amount of tartaric acid; stems contain malic acid.
[Nature and flavor] Sour, cold.
Tang Bencao: taste sour, cold, non-toxic.
Luchanyan Bencao: taste sour, slightly toxic.
Diannan Bencao: nature cold, taste sour and slightly astringent.
[Meridian entry] Depei Bencao: enters the Hand Yangming and Hand Taiyang meridians.
[Efficacy of Oxalis] Clear heat and drain dampness, cool blood and disperse stasis, reduce swelling and detoxify.
Treats diarrhea, dysentery, jaundice, gonorrhea, red and white vaginal discharge, measles, hematemesis, epistaxis, sore throat, boils, carbuncles, scabies, hemorrhoids, rectal prolapse, traumatic injuries, scald and burn injuries.
Literature discussions
Tang Bencao: mainly used for malignant sores and fistulas, pounded and applied; kills various small insects. Eating it relieves fever and thirst.
Bencao Tujing: treats blood blockage in women; wash clean, grind finely, and take with warm wine.
Diannan Bencao: treats chronic diarrhea with intestinal slackness, chronic dysentery with red and white; decoct with granulated sugar and take.
Gangmu: mainly treats various types of strangury with difficult urination, red and white vaginal discharge; together with diqian and dilong treats sand-stone strangury; decocted in water to wash hemorrhoid pain and rectal prolapse; pounded and applied for scald, burn, snake and scorpion injuries.
Shengcaoyaoxing Beiyao: kills lice and relieves pain, dissipates heat and reduces swelling, regulates traumatic injuries, disperses blood stasis, stewed with wine and taken; also dries water and relieves itching.
Yilin Zuanyao: tonifies the lung and drains the liver, removes heat qi, removes blood stasis, astringes yin.
Fenlei Caoyaoxing: treats malaria by stuffing into the nose; stir-fried with wine and applied for fish-mouth sores.
Lingnan Caiyaolu: treats measles, snake venom, scabies.
Luchuan Bencao: reduces swelling and relieves pain, removes necrotic flesh. Treats ulcerated sores and carbuncles.
Guiyang Minjian Yaocao: clears heat, promotes urination, mends bones. Treats urinary retention, jaundice.
Zhongguo Yaozhi Tujian: mixed with brown sugar, decocted and taken, treats liuhuo (early stage of filariasis).
Shaanxi Zhiyao Diaocha: strengthens the stomach and relieves cough.
Hunan Yaowu Zhi: treats fever and cough, pain in the heart and stomach due to qi, swollen and painful sores, malignant sores.
Usage and dosage. Internal use: decocted in water, 2-4 qian (fresh: 1-2 liang); pounded for juice or ground into powder. External use: decocted in water for washing, pounded and applied, pounded for juice and applied, mixed and applied, or decocted in water for gargling.
Medicinal uses
[Wa medicine] Rixi dagu, Daixi dagu: whole plant treats fractures, traumatic injuries, venomous snake bites, icteric hepatitis, rheumatoid arthritis. Zhongwa Yao, Dian Yao Lu. Xi dui niao: used for insomnia with many dreams, traumatic injuries, burns, respiratory inflammation.
[Yi medicine] Cujiangcao, Azhajiji, Azha'eji, Weisaroubo, Suanjiangcao: whole plant or root treats wind-cold cold, irregular menstruation, hemorrhoid bleeding, toothache, lumbar pain, fractures, heat binding in the large intestine, cold-body pain, leg sores and ulceration. Yi Zhi Yao Xu. Whole plant used for blood stasis swelling and pain, hemorrhoids and anal fissure, anorectal prolapse, carbuncles and boils. Ailao.
[Miao medicine] Mahan suan, Dongzhenmi: whole plant treats malignant sores and hemorrhoids, various types of strangury, red and white vaginal discharge, hemorrhoid pain and rectal prolapse, scald, burn, snake and scorpion injuries, blood blockage in women with obstruction of urine and stool, ringworm and itching, tooth swelling and pain. Treats fever, cough, heart and stomach qi pain, swollen and painful sores, malignant sores. Xianglan Kao. Eshugai: whole plant treats urinary retention, difficult childbirth, retained placenta, ringworm, shingles, impetigo. Gui Yao Bian.
[Dai medicine] Songxiangga: used for clearing heat and promoting urination, cooling blood and dispersing stasis, reducing swelling and detoxifying. Daiyiyao. Songxiangga: whole plant treats palpitations and dizziness, excessive sweating and prostration, rheumatic arthritis. Banna Daiyao. Songxiangga: whole plant used for palpitations and dizziness, excessive sweating and prostration, rheumatic arthritis. Diansheng Zhi.
[Bai medicine] Whole plant treats cold and fever, enteritis, hepatitis, urinary tract infection, stones, neurasthenia; external use for traumatic injuries. Dali Zizhi. [Jingpo medicine] byviqzvin: used for enteritis, hepatitis, urinary tract infection, stones, external use for traumatic injuries. Dehong Yaolu.
[Achang medicine] Cujiangcao: functions same as Jingpo medicine. Dehong Yaolu.
[De'ang medicine] Daoburangrui: functions same as Jingpo medicine. Dehong Yaolu.
[Shui medicine] Ma Hongdi: whole plant treats fractures. Shuiyiyao.
[Dong medicine] Ma Dengsheng: whole plant treats nameless swellings and toxins. Gui Yao Bian. Dang Tusong: whole plant treats pediatric asthma [10].
[Maonan medicine] Wozhuncao: whole plant treats sandworm feet. Gui Yao Bian. Mal demh semt, Sanbachem (Samp bav semt): whole plant mainly treats bingxie lani gouyizi, mingdao (sprain). Dongyixue.
[Yao medicine] Kabi: whole plant treats dysentery, difficult childbirth, retained placenta, impetigo, knife and gun wounds. Gui Yao Bian.
[Zhuang medicine] Laoyasuan: whole plant treats sore throat, traumatic swelling and pain, postpartum bleeding, various types of bleeding, difficult urination and defecation, impetigo, eczema, venomous snake bites, fractures. Gui Yao Bian.
[Lisu medicine] Alachabo: whole plant used for cold and fever, enteritis, hepatitis, urinary tract infection, stones, neurasthenia; fresh leaves pounded and applied externally to affected areas for traumatic injuries, carbuncles and sores. Nujiang Yao.
[She medicine] Whole plant treats diphtheria, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, stomatitis, urethral infection, biliary ascariasis, pediatric night crying, puerperal fever, postpartum abdominal pain, early mastitis, hemorrhoids, rectal prolapse, eczema, ringworm, shingles, nameless swellings and toxins, burns, traumatic injuries. Sheyiyao.
[Hani medicine] Ami Woqian: whole plant treats cold and fever, enteritis, hepatitis, urinary tract infection, traumatic injuries. Haniyao.
[Tujia medicine] Suan wei xir: whole plant treats cold and fever, urinary tract infection, traumatic sprains. Tujiayao.
Pharmacological effects
Has antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, but is ineffective against Escherichia coli; this plant is said to be toxic to sheep. The related species Oxalis ranunculoides can damage livestock kidneys, significantly raising non-protein nitrogen in the blood.
Clinical applications
1. Treating insomnia: Take 10 jin of suanjiangcao and 2 jin of pine needles, add 8000 mL of water, decoct for 1 hour, filter and remove residue; separately take 1 jin of jujube, crush it, add 2000 mL of water, decoct for 1 hour, filter and remove residue. Mix the two liquids, add appropriate amounts of sugar and preservative for later use. Take 15-20 mL each time, 3 times daily. Observed in over 5000 cases, with certain sedative and sleep-inducing effects.
2. Treating infectious hepatitis: Take 1 liang of Oxalis and 1 liang of lean pork, stew and take. 1 dose daily, taken for 1 consecutive week. Treated over 20 cases (some cases were treated in combination with traditional Chinese medicine compound formulas), all achieving certain efficacy.
Chemical composition
The whole plant contains ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, pyruvic acid, glyoxalic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, vitexin, isovitexin, vitexin-2"-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, as well as 17 compounds: such as 2-heptenal, 2-pentylfuran, trans-phytol, and also contains neutral lipids, glycolipids, phospholipids and fatty acids (C10-C14), a-tocopherol, β-tocopherol.
Medicinal name research
Oxalis suanji (Li Dangzhi's Yaolu), sanyesuancao (Qianjin Fang), cumucao, jiujiusuancao, xiaosuanmao (Tang Bencao), quelincao (Waitai Miyao Fang), suanjiang, chisunshi (Bencao Tujing), cujiujiu, tianzicao (Baiyi Xuanfang), suanjiangcao (Luchanyan Bencao), queercao, suanmucao (Yonglei Qianfang), suanjiaocao (Diannan Bencao), xiaosuanmiao (Pinhui Jingyao), suancao (Zhaiyuan Fang), sanyesuan, sanjiaosuan, queersuan (Gangmu), suanmimicao (Gangmu Shiyi), banjiucao, suanweicao (Shengcaoyaoxing Beiyao), sanyesuanjiang (Zhiwu Ming Shi Tu Kao), suansuancao (Fenlei Caoyaoxing), suanbanxian (Lingnan Caiyaolu), xiansuancao, suanzucao (Fujian Minjian Yaocao), suandelihu (Jiangsu Zhiyao Zhi), pudilian (Nanning Shi Yaowu Zhi), suanmeicao, sanyepotongqian, huanghuamei (Jiangxi Minjian Yaocao), laoyazui, mantianxing (Guangxi Zhongyao Zhi), huanghuacao, liuyelian, yewangguacao, wangguasuan, chongtianpao, changxuecao (Hunan Yaowu Zhi), suanzhicao, suanpizi (Mindong Bencao), dongyanghuocao, shuijinghua (Shanghai Changyong Zhongcaoyao), puguasuan, bogusuan (Zhejiang Minjian Changyong Caoyao).
Source is the whole plant of Oxalis corniculata, a plant in the Oxalidaceae family. Oxalis - purple-flowered oxalis. Purple-flowered oxalis alias yansuanzaicao (Taiwan, China); da suanweicao, da laoyasuan, dimaizi, zicujiangcao, dayecujiangcao, da xiansuantiancao, shuisuanzhi, yilixue, geyehe, sanjiadao, tongchuicao.
Medicinal information (3)
Medicinal name: Oxalis.
Pinyin: cu jiang cao.
English name: Creeping Woodsorrel Herb, Herb of Creeping Oxalis.
Latin plant, animal and mineral name: Oxalis corniculata L.[O.repens Thunb.].
Efficacy classification: heat-clearing and dampness-drying herbs.
Family and genus classification: Oxalidaceae.
Nature and flavor: sour; cold.
Meridian entry: large intestine; small intestine meridians.
Functions: clears heat and drains dampness; cools the blood and disperses stasis; resolves toxin and reduces swelling.
Indications: damp-heat diarrhea; dysentery; jaundice; strangury; leukorrhea; hematemesis; epistaxis; hematuria; irregular menstruation; traumatic injuries; sore swollen throat; carbuncles, swellings and boils; erysipelas; eczema; scabies and tinea; hemorrhoids; measles; scald and burn injuries; snake and insect bites.
Usage and dosage: Oral administration: decocted in water, 9-15g, or 30-60g of fresh herb; or ground into powder; or the juice of the fresh herb squeezed and drunk. External use: appropriate amount, decocted in water for washing, pounded and applied, juice pounded and painted on, or decocted in water for gargling.
Ecological environment: grows on wasteland, in fields and along roadsides.
Resource distribution: distributed across most regions of the country.
Medicinal material source: the whole herb of the Oxalidaceae plant Oxalis corniculata.
Harvesting and storage: can be harvested throughout the year; harvesting in summer and autumn when there are flowers and fruits gives better medicinal efficacy. Remove mud and sand, sun-dry or use fresh.
Oxalis corniculata - medication contraindications: this plant is said to be toxic to sheep.
Practical selected formulas
To treat watery diarrhea: three qian of Oxalis corniculata, infused, add brown sugar and steam before taking. (Yunnan Traditional Chinese Medicine Experiential Formulas)
To treat dysentery: grind Oxalis corniculata into powder, take five qian per dose, taken with boiled water. (Hunan Materia Medica)
To treat damp-heat jaundice: one to one and a half liang of Oxalis corniculata. Decoct twice in water, take in divided doses. (Jiangxi Folk Herbal Medicine)
To treat blood strangury and heat strangury: take the juice of Oxalis corniculata, mix with honey and take together. (Lü Chan Yan Ben Cao)
To treat urinary retention and urinary strangury: two liang of Oxalis corniculata, two liang of sweet wine. Decoct together in water and take, three times a day. (Guiyang Folk Herbal Medicine)
To treat obstruction of both urine and stool: a large handful of sour grass, one handful of Plantago asiatica. Pound to extract juice, add one qian of granulated sugar, mix and take one cup; if it does not pass, take again. (Zhai Yuan Fang)
To treat inability to urinate with fullness and oppression of qi: one handful of Oxalis corniculata. Grind and extract the natural juice, mix with an equal half of mellow wine and take; for those who do not drink alcohol, take three cun of licorice, one jujube-sized piece of fresh ginger, chop, grind together, use five fen cups of well flower water, filter and take the juice mixed, which also works. (Sheng Ji Zong Lu, Oxalis Wine)
To treat red and white leukorrhea: three-leaf sour grass, dried in the shade and ground into powder, take three qian-spoonfuls with warm wine on an empty stomach. (Qian Jin Fang)
To treat measles: sour grass, two to three qian each time. Decoct in water and take. (Lingnan Herb Collection Record)
To treat nosebleed: pound fresh Oxalis corniculata, roll into small pills, insert into the nasal cavity. (Jiangxi Folk Herbal Medicine)
To treat hematemesis and epistaxis: four qian of Oxalis corniculata, several grains of table salt. Decoct in water and take. (Eastern Fujian Materia Medica)
To treat malaria: three qian of Oxalis corniculata, decoct in water and take. (Hunan Materia Medica)
To treat rotting gums: fresh Oxalis corniculata with a little table salt, pound and squeeze the juice, use sterilized cotton dipped in the juice to wipe and wash the affected area, three to five times a day. (Jiangxi Folk Herbal Medicine)
To treat sore swollen throat: one to two liang of fresh Oxalis corniculata, a little table salt. Pound together, wrap in gauze and hold in the mouth; or decoct in water for gargling. Also treats stomatitis. (Eastern Fujian Materia Medica)
To treat asthma and cough: one liang of fresh Oxalis corniculata, add a little rice and boil to take, for three consecutive doses. (Zhejiang Folk Commonly Used Herbal Medicine)
To treat boils: fresh Oxalis corniculata with a little brown sugar, pound into a paste, apply to the affected area. (Jiangxi Folk Herbal Medicine)
To treat breast abscess: five qian of Oxalis corniculata. Decoct in water and take, pound the residue and apply externally. (Hunan Materia Medica)
To treat abdominal carbuncle and swelling: two liang of fresh Oxalis corniculata. Put in a bowl and pound out the juice, mix with hot sweet wine, remove the residue and take. (Jiangxi Folk Herbal Medicine)
To treat tinea sores with itching: rub with sparrow grass, and it heals after several times. (Yong Lei Qian Fang)
To treat hemorrhoids: one large handful of sparrow woodsorrel, coarsely cut. Use two large sheng of water, boil down to one sheng, take all at once, repeat the dose after three days. (Wai Tai Mi Yao Fang)
To treat new and old traumatic injuries: 1. Three qian of Oxalis corniculata root, decoct in sweet wine and take. 2. Four parts fresh Oxalis corniculata, two parts onion bulb, one part fresh ginger, five parts fermented glutinous rice dregs. Pound together, fry hot, wrap in cloth and iron on, wait until warm and apply to the injured area. (Jiangxi Folk Herbal Medicine)
To treat bruises and swelling from trauma: two liang of fresh Oxalis corniculata. Rub the injured area; also use two liang of fresh herb, add five qian of brown sugar. Stew in boiled water and take. (Eastern Fujian Materia Medica)
To treat scald and burn injuries: wash fresh Oxalis corniculata clean, pound, mix with sesame oil and apply to the affected area. (Eastern Fujian Materia Medica)
Urinary blood strangury. Take the pounded juice of Oxalis corniculata, decoct with Wu Ling San and take.
Tooth swelling and pain. Take one handful of Oxalis corniculata, wash clean, add forty-nine seeds of Sichuan pepper (with the pits removed), pound together, shape into bean-sized pills. Insert one pill into the painful area each time, and it is effective.
Overview
Oxalis corniculata originates from Tang Ben Cao. According to Gang Mu: drunken grass, this small grass, is three-leaf sorrel, its taste is like vinegar; it shares the name "suan jiang" with the lantern grass but is a different thing. Tang Shenwei's Ben Cao included the formulas of this grass under that entry, which is an error. Zheng Qiao of Fujian said in Tong Zhi that the people of Fujian call it Sun Shi, so the "Chi Sun Shi" in Su Song's Tu Jing is this plant. Sun Shi is also a corruption of suan ji. According to Gang Mu Shi Yi: the sour mimi grass has two kinds, red and white. For red leukorrhea use the red one, for white leukorrhea use the white one, pound the juice into half a wine cup, mix evenly, add half a cup of Shaoxing wine, boil and take.
Character identification
It is in segmental pieces. Stems and branches are sparsely covered with long hairs. Leaves are papery, wrinkled or broken, brown-green. Flowers are yellow, with 5 sepals and 5 petals. The capsule is nearly cylindrical, with 5 ridges, covered with soft hairs; seeds are small, flat-ovate, brown. It has a sour odor. Taste is salty and sour-astringent.
Variety classification of Oxalis corniculata: the main variety is red-flowered Oxalis
Perennial herb, plant height 10-20cm, with spherical rhizomes underground, white and transparent. Basal leaves, with relatively long petioles, trifoliolate compound leaves, leaflets obcordate, arranged in a triangular pattern. Flowers emerge from the leaf cluster, umbel inflorescence terminal, the common peduncle slightly taller than the leaf cluster, flowering period April to October. Both flowers and leaves are sensitive to sunlight, opening during the day and in sunny weather, closing at night and on cloudy and rainy days. Capsule.
Yellow-flowered Oxalis
The stems of yellow-flowered Oxalis are mostly creeping, and may also grow obliquely; the ones commonly seen crawling on the ground grow this way; while Oxalis stricta definitely has erect stems (lodging does not count), and the whole plant looks taller. In other morphological features the two are almost exactly the same. And both are the most common wild Oxalis species.
One Leaf Heart
One Leaf Heart Oxalis (Latin scientific name: Oxalis simplex). Each leaf, unfolded and folded in half, is heart-shaped, and the tip bears only a single leaf, not a three-leaf Oxalis variety. Although the number of leaves is small, they grow larger and larger, like a complete heart of love. Very cute leaves, super adorable.
Iron Cross
After the German army discovered the true four-leaf clover in 1190, they used the four-leaf clover as inspiration to design the emblem and insignia of the German crusader army, the cross beams and the Iron Cross warrior medal. The shape of the cross designed with the lucky clover as inspiration is considered a symbol of freedom, unity, solidarity and peace. They believed that nothing bad could happen if they possessed a four-leaf clover.
Purple Oxalis
Species name: Oxalis corniculata
Latin name: Oxalis corniculata
Family name: Oxalidaceae
Genus name: Oxalis
Suitable regions: North China | Northeast China | East China | South China | Northwest China | Central China | Southwest China
Origin and distribution: distributed throughout temperate and subtropical Asia, Europe, the Mediterranean and North America, and also distributed throughout China.
Growth type: herbaceous | lawn ground cover
Ornamental characteristics: foliage ornamental
Landscape use: lawn and ground cover
Propagation and cultivation: 1. Land preparation. Oxalis prefers well-drained sandy soil; clay soil is unfavorable for growth, so the soil should be appropriately replaced. When preparing the land, apply organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, sieve finely, rake level, tamp solid, and maintain a slope of about 5 degrees to facilitate drainage. 2. Reserve drainage outlets in the flower bed. Oxalis is afraid of waterlogging, so sufficient drainage outlets must be left to avoid water accumulation in the rainy season. 3. Cultivation. Oxalis sprouts early and sheds leaves late, so early spring and late autumn are suitable for cultivation. Do not transplant during full bloom; planting spacing is 15 x 15 cm. After planting, water thoroughly; it establishes easily, blooms as soon as it sprouts, and shows results in the same year. 4. Watering. Sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation are suitable; it is best not to use flood irrigation, and to keep the soil moist but not wet, which benefits the growth of Oxalis. 5. Pest and disease control. 6. Weed removal. When preparing the land, sieve out grass roots to reduce weeds. Strengthen management in spring so the lawn grows rapidly and its competitiveness against weeds is enhanced. Remove small amounts of sprouting weeds in time, and pull out any weeds as soon as they appear. After a year of good management, weeds will no longer grow.
Related species include: White-flowered Oxalis Oxalis acetosella L.
White-flowered Oxalis (Latin-Chinese seed plant names) Mountain Oxalis (Jilin)
Perennial herb, 8-10 cm tall. Roots slender; rhizome horizontal, with brown or white small scales 1-2 mm long at the internodes and slender adventitious roots. Stem shortened and inconspicuous, the base surrounded by remnants of imbricate scale-like petiole bases. Leaves basal; stipules broadly ovate, pubescent or glabrous, connate with the base of the petiole; petiole 3-15 cm long, with a joint near the base; leaflets 3, obcordate, 5-20 mm long, 8-30 mm wide, apex emarginate, lateral angles obtusely rounded, base cuneate, both surfaces pubescent or abaxially glabrous, sometimes both surfaces glabrous. Scape basal, single-flowered, nearly as long as or longer than the petiole; pedicel 2-3 cm long, pubescent; bracts 2, opposite, ovate, about 3 mm long, pubescent; sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, 3-5 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, apex shortly acute, persistent; petals 5, white or rarely pink, obcordate, 1-2 times as long as the sepals, apex emarginate, base narrowly cuneate, with white or purplish-red veins; stamens 10, alternating long and short, filaments slender, connate at the base; ovary 5-locular, styles 5, slender, stigma capitate. Capsule ovoid-globose, 3-4 mm long. Seeds ovate, brown or reddish-brown, with longitudinal ribs. Flowering period July-August, fruiting period August-September. 2n=22, 24.
Distributed in Northeast China, North China, Northwest China and Southwest China. Grows in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests and thickets at altitudes of 800-3 400 m. Also distributed in North America, Japan, Korea, Russia and as far as Central Europe.
The whole herb is used as medicine.
White-flowered Oxalis (nominate subspecies) Oxalis acetosella L. subsp. acetosella
Perennial herb, 8-10 cm tall. Roots slender; rhizome horizontal, with brown or white small scales 1-2 mm long at the internodes and slender adventitious roots. Stem shortened and inconspicuous, the base surrounded by remnants of imbricate scale-like petiole bases. Leaves basal; stipules broadly ovate, pubescent or glabrous, connate with the base of the petiole; petiole 3-15 cm long, with a joint near the base; leaflets 3, obcordate, 5-20 mm long, 8-30 mm wide, apex emarginate, lateral angles obtusely rounded, base cuneate, both surfaces pubescent or abaxially glabrous, sometimes both surfaces glabrous. Scape basal, single-flowered, nearly as long as or longer than the petiole; pedicel 2-3 cm long, pubescent; bracts 2, opposite, ovate, about 3 mm long, pubescent; sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, 3-5 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, apex shortly acute, persistent; petals 5, white or rarely pink, obcordate, 1-2 times as long as the sepals, apex emarginate, base narrowly cuneate, with white or purplish-red veins; stamens 10, alternating long and short, filaments slender, connate at the base; ovary 5-locular, styles 5, slender, stigma capitate. Capsule ovoid-globose, 3-4 mm long. Seeds ovate, brown or reddish-brown, with longitudinal ribs. Flowering period July-August, fruiting period August-September. 2n=22, 24.
Distributed in Northeast China, North China, Northwest China and Southwest China. Grows in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests and thickets at altitudes of 800-3 400 m. Also distributed in North America, Japan, Korea, Russia and as far as Central Europe.
The whole herb is used as medicine.
Mountain Oxalis (subspecies) Oxalis acetosella L. subsp. griffithii (Edgew. & Hook.f.) Hara
The main difference between this subspecies and the nominate subspecies is that the leaflets are obdeltoid or broadly obdeltoid; the capsule is ellipsoid or nearly spherical.
Distributed in East China, Central China, Southwest China, Shaanxi and Gansu. Grows in dense forests, thickets and valleys and other shady, moist places at altitudes of 800-3 000 m. Also distributed in Nepal and India.
The whole herb is used as medicine and can promote urination and relieve fever.
Triangular Oxalis (subspecies) Oxalis acetosella L. subsp. japonica (Franch. & Sav.) H. Hara
Triangular Oxalis (Northeast Herbaceous Plant Flora) Large Mountain Oxalis, Truncate-leaved Oxalis (Latin-Chinese seed plant names)
The main difference between this subspecies and the nominate subspecies is that the leaflets are broadly obdeltoid; the capsule is long cylindrical.
Distributed in Northeast China. Grows under shady, moist mountain forests, in thickets and along streams. Also distributed in Japan, Korea and the Russian Far East.
White-scaled Oxalis (subspecies) Oxalis acetosella L. subsp. leucolepis (Diels) C. C. Huang & L. R. Xu
The main difference between this subspecies and the nominate subspecies is that the plant is slender, 5-12 cm tall; the lateral angles of the leaflets are broadly rounded; the flowers are small, 1-1.2 mm long.
Distributed in northwestern Yunnan, southwestern Sichuan and southeastern Xizang. Grows in shady, moist forests, grasslands or thickets at altitudes of 2 600-3 800 m. The type specimen is from Dali, Yunnan.
Large-flowered Oxalis Oxalis bowiei Herb. ex Lindl.
Perennial herb, 10-15 cm tall. Rhizome creeping, with thick fusiform rhizomes. Stem shortened and inconspicuous or stemless, the base surrounded by membranous scales. Leaves numerous, basal; petiole slender, 7-10 cm long, pubescent, with a joint at the base; leaflets 3, broadly obovate or obovate-orbicular, 1.5-2 cm long, 2.5-3 cm wide, apex obtusely rounded, slightly emarginate, base broadly cuneate, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sparsely pubescent. Umbel basal or nearly basal, distinctly longer than the leaves, with 4-10 flowers, the common peduncle pubescent; bracts lanceolate, pubescent; pedicels unequal in length, 3-4 times as long as the bracts; sepals lanceolate, 10-12 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, margins ciliate; petals purplish-red, broadly obovate, 2.5-3 times as long as the sepals, apex obtusely rounded, base clawed; stamens 10, in 2 whorls, the inner whorl twice as long as the outer, filaments connate at the base; ovary pubescent. Flowering period May-August, fruiting period June-October.
Cultivated in Beijing, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, ** and other places. Native to South Africa, introduced into China as an ornamental flower.
Oxalis corniculata (variety) Oxalis corniculata L. var. corniculata
Herb, 10-35 cm tall, the whole plant pubescent. Rhizome somewhat thickened. Stems slender, much branched, erect or creeping, rooting at the nodes of the creeping stems. Leaves basal or alternate on the stem; stipules small, oblong or ovate, margins densely long-pubescent, base connate with the petiole, or on the same plant the lower stipules are obvious while the upper stipules are not obvious; petiole 1-13 cm long, with a joint at the base; leaflets 3, sessile, obcordate, 4-16 mm long, 4-22 mm wide, apex emarginate, base broadly cuneate, both surfaces pubescent or adaxially glabrous, more densely hairy along the veins, margins with appressed cilia. Flowers solitary or several gathered in an umbel-like inflorescence, axillary, the common peduncle pale red, nearly as long as the leaves; pedicel 4-15 mm long, extending after fruiting; bracteoles 2, lanceolate, 2.5-4 mm long, membranous; sepals 5, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 3-5 mm long, abaxially and on the margins pubescent, persistent; petals 5, yellow, oblong-obovate, 6-8 mm long, 4-5 mm wide; stamens 10, filaments white and semi-transparent, sometimes sparsely short-pubescent, connate at the base, alternating long and short, the longer ones with larger anthers maturing earlier; ovary oblong, 5-locular, covered with short appressed hairs, styles 5, stigma capitate. Capsule long cylindrical, 1-2.5 cm long, 5-ridged. Seeds long ovate, 1-1.5 mm long, brown or reddish-brown, with transverse rib-like reticulation. Flowering and fruiting period February-September.
Widely distributed throughout the country. Grows on mountain slopes and grass ponds, along river valleys, roadsides, field edges, wasteland or shady, moist places under forests, etc. Distributed in temperate and subtropical Asia, Europe, the Mediterranean and North America.
The whole herb is used as medicine; it can relieve fever, promote urination, reduce swelling and disperse stasis; the stems and leaves contain oxalic acid and can be used to polish mirrors or wipe copperware to give it luster. Cattle and sheep eating too much of it can be poisoned to death.
Erect Oxalis (variety) Oxalis corniculata L. var. stricta (L.) C. C. Huang & L. R. Xu
Erect Oxalis (Northeast Plant Key) Sour Drip (Liaoning)
The main difference from the original species is that the stem is erect, unbranched or few-branched; stipules absent or inconspicuous.
Distributed in Northeast China and North China. Grows under forests and in moist places in valleys. Distributed in Northeast Asia, Russia, Europe, the Mediterranean region and North America.
Red-flowered Oxalis Oxalis corymbosa DC.
Red-flowered Oxalis (Guangzhou Flora) Large Sour Grass (Guangzhou), Copper Hammer Grass (Latin-Chinese-English seed plant names), Nan Tian Qi (Hubei Flora), Purple-flowered Oxalis (Taiwan Flora), Many-flowered Oxalis (Xi'an)
Perennial erect herb. No aerial stem; the underground part has spherical bulbs, the outer scales membranous, brown, with 3 rib-like longitudinal veins on the back, covered with long cilia, the inner scales triangular, glabrous. Leaves basal; petiole 5-30 cm long or longer, hairy; leaflets 3, flat-rounded obcordate, 1-4 cm long, 1.5-6 cm wide, apex emarginate, lateral angles rounded, base broadly cuneate, adaxially green, hairy or nearly glabrous; abaxially pale green, usually with small glands that turn brown-black after drying on both surfaces or sometimes only on the margins, especially abaxially, and sparsely hairy; stipules oblong, apex narrowly acute, connate with the base of the petiole. Scape basal, dichasial cyme, usually arranged in umbel-like form, the common peduncle 10-40 cm long or longer, hairy; pedicels, bracts and sepals all hairy; pedicel 5-25 mm long, each pedicel with 2 lanceolate dry-membranous bracts; sepals 5, lanceolate, about 4-7 mm long, apex with 2 small dark-red oblong glands, the upper ventral surface sparsely pubescent; petals 5, obcordate, 1.5-2 cm long, 2-4 times as long as the sepals, pale purple to purplish-red, darker at the base; stamens 10, the 5 long ones exceeding the style, the other 5 reaching the middle of the ovary, filaments long-pubescent; ovary 5-locular, styles 5, covered with rusty long hairs, stigma shallowly 2-lobed. Flowering and fruiting period March-December. Distributed in Hebei, Shaanxi, East China, Central China, South China, Sichuan and Yunnan, etc. Native to the tropical regions of South America; introduced as an ornamental plant in various places north of the Yangtze River in China, and in the south it has escaped to the wild, as in Japan. Grows in low-altitude mountains, roadsides, wasteland or paddy fields. Because its bulbs separate very easily, it reproduces rapidly and is often a weed in fields. The whole herb is used as medicine to treat traumatic injuries, red and white dysentery, and to stop bleeding.
Yellow-flowered Oxalis Oxalis pes-caprae L.
Perennial herb, 5-10 cm tall. Rhizome creeping, with tubers; aerial stem shortened and inconspicuous or absent, the base with brown membranous scales. Leaves numerous, basal; stipules absent; petiole 3-6 cm long, with a joint at the base; leaflets 3, obcordate, about 2 cm long, 2-2.5 cm wide, apex deeply emarginate, base cuneate, both surfaces pubescent, with purple spots. Umbel basal, distinctly longer than the leaves, the common peduncle pubescent; bracts narrowly lanceolate, 2.5-4 mm long, about 1 mm wide, apex acute; pedicel nearly as long as or slightly longer than the bracts, pubescent, drooping; sepals lanceolate, 4.5-6 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, apex acute, margins white membranous, ciliate; petals yellow, broadly obovate, 4-5 times as long as the sepals, apex rounded, slightly emarginate, base clawed; stamens 10, in 2 whorls, the inner whorl twice as long as the outer, filaments connate at the base; ovary pubescent. Capsule cylindrical, pubescent. Seeds ovate.
Cultivated in Beijing, Shaanxi, ** and other places. Native to South Africa, introduced into China as an ornamental flower.
Cultivation techniques of Oxalis: artificial cultivation biological characteristics
Effect of temperature on growth:
Red-flowered Oxalis is native to Brazil in South America; it likes shady, moist environments and is not cold-tolerant. After 6 years of introduction and cultivation, no freezing of the bulbs was found. In winter, apart from some stems becoming soft and a small number of leaves turning yellow, it is basically evergreen. Each year from April to May and from late August to late October are the growth peaks, and growth is slow in the hot summer.
Effect of light on growth:
Red-flowered Oxalis is a light-loving plant and can grow both in full light in the open and under tree shade, but under full light it grows robustly, the plant is full, and the flowers are numerous and abundant.
Effect of water on growth:
Red-flowered Oxalis grows well under moist environmental conditions; it grows poorly when drought and water-deficient, and can tolerate short-term water accumulation.
Cultivation techniques
Oxalis is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Oxalidaceae family, clumping, 15-20 cm tall, flowering continuously in spring, summer and autumn, with the most abundant flowering during the cool periods of spring and autumn. Because Oxalis is low-growing, grows quickly and has a long flowering period, and is very spectacular when in bloom, it is used relatively often in landscaping. In the cultivation and management of Oxalis, attention should be paid to the following aspects:
Potted maintenance
Red-flowered Oxalis is a perennial herbaceous flower; it likes a sunny and moist climate and is not cold-tolerant. In North China it needs to be brought indoors to overwinter in winter; it has no strict soil requirements, but grows vigorously in loose, fertile and well-drained sandy soil.
Red-flowered Oxalis is generally propagated by division in early spring in April, combined with repotting. Cultivation is simple; during the growth period keep the potting soil moist regularly, and in summer pay attention to appropriate spraying to increase air humidity. Apply a dilute cake fertilizer solution once every half month or so, and it will have abundant flowers and lush leaves.
In North China, move the plants indoors in early to mid-October and place them in a sunny spot. In winter, control watering, as overly wet potting soil easily causes root rot, stop fertilizing, and keep the room temperature above 6°C for safe overwintering.
Medicinal plant cultivation biological characteristics
It likes a warm and humid climate and grows in shady, moist places. Cultivation is best in loose, fertile sandy loam or loam rich in humus.
Cultivation techniques
Propagate by seed. Sow in April, by broadcast sowing or drilling, cover thinly with fine soil after sowing, just enough that the seeds are not visible, and press lightly. Water regularly to keep the soil moist.
Field management
During the growth period, pull out weeds regularly, and apply dilute human manure or ammonium sulfate, urea, etc. as topdressing. In case of excessive rain, drain accumulated water in time; in case of drought, irrigate in good time.
In summer it must not be exposed to blazing sun, otherwise the leaves will turn yellow. As for the soil, it is best if it is somewhat fertile! Water normally. Red spider mites sometimes appear on the back of Oxalis leaves, and this is worth guarding against, as it causes the leaves to become yellow and develop white spots! It likes light, but when exposed to blazing sun in summer the leaf color performs poorly, so it is best to provide about 30% shade in summer. Watering should follow the principle of watering when dry and stopping when wet, and it should not be allowed to dry out. Planting should not be too deep; it is enough for the tuberous roots to be entirely in the soil. For fertilizing, it is best to apply diluted fertilizer solution, not too concentrated. When there are weeds, remove them as soon as possible, otherwise they will affect its growth. For the soil, it is best to choose fertile sandy soil.
Two sets of planting guidelines:
1. The recommendations from the International Flower Bulb Centre are mainly aimed at Oxalis triangularis (also suitable for other purple-leaved varieties). Cover the bulbs lightly with moist vermiculite, place them in a plastic bag, and store at 3°C-5°C. If you want to control the growth of the oxalis, you can briefly dip the bulbs in a plant growth regulator. The specific method is: first dissolve 5 ppm of paclobutrazol in 1 liter of clean water, and soak the bulbs for 1 minute. Note that you cannot treat all bulbs directly with the growth regulator; a trial must be conducted beforehand. Water lightly after planting, and keep the pH of the growing medium within the range of 6.0-7.0.
After sprouting, it is recommended to apply Osmocote slow-release fertilizer at a ratio of 14:14:14, and keep the greenhouse temperature continuously at 20°C-21°C until the first flowering. After flowering, gradually lower the temperature to 17°C-20°C, and maintain relative humidity at 60%-80%.
For potted oxalis, the ideal storage, transport and retail temperature is 2°C-5°C. If this temperature cannot be achieved, the temperature should be lowered as much as possible.
Oxalis triangularis has no dormancy-breaking requirement, but Oxalis tetraphylla requires a certain period of high temperature to break dormancy, while Oxalis adenophylla requires cold treatment at 2°C.
2. If using Proven Winners oxalis seedlings, the plants can fill 4-5 inch pots within 4-6 weeks. If planted in early spring, growth can be completed by summer. The company recommends moderately reducing light, with a greenhouse growing temperature of 18°C-22°C. Growers can apply nitrogen fertilizer at a concentration of 150-200 ppm to the plants at a temperature of 10°C-15°C. Adjust the pH to within the range of 5.8-6.2.
Oxalis propagation methods: seedling propagation
Oxalis is mainly propagated by bulbs and by division, and some are also propagated by seed. The connected stems of Oxalis corymbosa can be separated into 3 types: mother bulbs, bud bulbs and leaf bulbs. Among these 3 types of bulbs, the mother bulb has the ability to directly produce daughter bulbs, with a diameter of 2-2.5 cm, bearing residual leaf scars, and latent buds are borne at the leaf scars, which can successively sprout and grow into bulbs. Bud bulbs are young bulbs growing on the mother bulb, with a bulb diameter of about 0.5-0.8 cm. Leaf bulbs are leafy bulbs that grow from bud bulbs and have developed leaves; they can flower, measure about 1.2-1.5 cm, and once they grow and develop they become mother bulbs. According to trials, the propagation coefficient of a single bulb is high, with an average of about 15-17 bulbs obtained per single bulb. The survival rate of mother bulbs and leaf bulbs planted individually in the open field differs hardly at all, but the propagation coefficient of leaf bulbs is the highest.
According to trials, there is no great difference in the survival rate of Oxalis corymbosa cultivated in different periods; only the bulb size and type differ noticeably. In general, Oxalis corymbosa is mainly propagated in spring and autumn. To increase the propagation coefficient, in addition to propagation by dividing bulbs, the bulbs can also be cut into 2-6 pieces according to size for propagation. Bulbs cultivated for two years can produce 20-30 plants per plant, with a high survival rate and fast growth, and they can flower in about one month.
Cultural background of oxalis: historical inheritance and documentary records:The stems and leaves of oxalis contain a large amount of oxalate. It is also said that the leaves contain citric acid and a large amount of tartaric acid, and the stems contain malic acid. This plant is said to be poisonous to sheep. Plants of the same genus, such as Ranunculus oxalis, can damage the kidneys of livestock and cause a marked increase in non-protein nitrogen in the blood. Nature and flavor: sour, cold. Usage and dosage: internal use: decocted in water, 2-4 qian (1-2 liang if fresh); mashed for juice or ground into powder. External use: decocted in water for washing, mashed and applied, mashed for juice and applied, mixed and applied, or decocted in water for gargling.
Oxalis has two kinds, yellow-flowered and purple-flowered! What is generally called oxalis refers to yellow-flowered oxalis, while the purple-flowered one is called purple-flowered oxalis. Oxalis belongs to the Oxalidaceae family, is native to tropical and subtropical regions, and is a perennial herbaceous bulbous plant, with nearly three hundred native species worldwide. It is a perennial creeping herb, with runners, alternate leaves composed of 3 leaflets, the leaflets obcordate, about 0.5-1 cm long, sessile, with a notched apex, and tasting sour when chewed. Oxalis is the national flower of Ireland, and the Boy Scouts also use it as a badge. Ordinary oxalis has only three leaflets, and occasionally a mutant individual with four leaflets appears, called a "lucky clover." Legend says that if you find a lucky clover with four leaflets, you can make a wish and it will come true. The reason the lucky clover is special is actually just a mutation phenomenon, so the lucky clover comes purely from mutation. Occasionally, a mutant individual composed of four leaflets appears, commonly known as "lucky clover." The four-leaf oxalis has always been regarded as a symbol of good luck. In fact, this is the same principle as some people having six fingers: some random mutation causes the plant to grow a fourth "finger," just as a genetic mutation causes a person to grow an extra finger. The United States Department of Agriculture confirmed that the scientific name of the oxalis that produces this four-leaf phenomenon is Trifolium repens L., also called white clover, which is a three-leaved perennial herbaceous plant that grows slowly, but about one plant in every 10,000 will grow four leaves.
In any case, many countries indeed have legends about the four-leaf lucky clover. The early Celtic people of Wales believed that white clover could ward off demons. One saying is that the national flower of Ireland is white-flowered oxalis. The oxalis, which belongs to the Fabaceae family, is the flower used to honor Ireland's patron saint, Saint Patrick, and is the national flower of Ireland. In order to win independence, Ireland once fought a long and bloody war against Britain. Therefore, its flower language is - patriotism. Another saying is that it is white clover. The Republic of Ireland is located on the island of Ireland in the western Atlantic of Europe, with vast grasslands and pastures accounting for about 80% of the country's land area. Animal husbandry holds a pivotal position in the national economy, and its excellent forage grass, white clover, stands out uniquely, so it is not hard to understand why it is expressed as a noble national symbol.
Cultural symbolism: lucky herb
One saying is that the national flower of Ireland is white-flowered oxalis, and the Boy Scouts also use it as a badge.
Ordinary oxalis has only three leaflets, and occasionally a mutant individual with four leaflets appears, called "lucky clover." Legend says that if you find a lucky clover with four leaflets, you can make a wish and it will come true. The reason the lucky clover is special is actually just a mutation phenomenon, so the lucky clover comes purely from mutation.
The United States Department of Agriculture confirmed that the scientific name of the oxalis that produces this four-leaf phenomenon is Trifolium repens L., also called white clover.
In any case, many countries indeed have legends about the four-leaf lucky clover. The early Celtic people of Wales believed that white clover could ward off demons. In 1620, Sir John Melton wrote: if someone happens to find any grass with four leaves in a field, good luck will befall them.
The plant height of oxalis varies by variety, ranging from 10-40 cm. The purple-flowered varieties have no obvious stem, and the leaves can be said to grow directly from the root crown, with long, thin petioles, and the leaf blade is composed of three obcordate leaflets, with occasional mutant individuals composed of four leaflets, commonly known as "lucky clover." The large-flowered yellow varieties have plant characteristics similar to the purple-flowered ones, but the small-flowered yellow varieties are different: although they are in the same family and genus as purple-flowered oxalis, they have long, thin creeping stems, with leaves opposite on the stems, and the leaf blade is also composed of three leaflets, but the leaflets are somewhat smaller than those of purple-flowered oxalis.
Oxalis flower language: festival flower language
Oxalis November 21 Birthday flower: oxalis (pink-flowered wood sorrel) Flower language: pungent (pungent taste) The leaves of oxalis have a pungent taste and can be used as a salad dressing. Therefore, its flower language is - pungent. People born under the blessing of this flower appear sharp-tongued and cold on the surface, but are actually very kind-hearted. So as long as you remember to use harsh words to criticize others less often, you can avoid others misunderstanding you for a lifetime!
November 23 Birthday flower: oxalis (wood sorrel) Flower language: Easter (easter) In southern Europe, oxalis is called "Hallelujah." Perhaps because it happens to bloom around Easter, its flower language is - Easter. People born under the blessing of this flower are very lively, talkative, and often laugh, and get along with others very harmoniously. But in front of your lover, do not appear too socially adept, lest you be mistaken for being frivolous.
November 26 Birthday flower: pink oxalis (pink-flowered wood sorrel) Flower language: neighbor (neighbor) In Europe, oxalis is the most common weed. No matter where you go, it will be in your field of vision, like an intimate neighbor. Therefore, the flower language of pink oxalis is - neighbor. People born under the blessing of this flower are easy to get close to, have many friends and a wide social circle. But it is not easy for them to have deeply intimate confidants, so they should put more effort into interacting with others in order to become universally popular.
November 30 Birthday flower: oxalis (wood sorrel) Flower language: healthy food (healthy foods) In Soviet Russia, people like to use the leaves of oxalis to make tea. The slight sour taste is not only pleasant to drink, but also very effective in relieving fever and regulating the blood, so it can be said to be a flower like a health food. Therefore, the flower language of this flower is - health food. People born under the blessing of this flower pay great attention to health and fully understand the planning of life. At what age to marry, at what age to start a family, all are planned out in their minds. However, the prerequisite is that they must find a good partner.
Oxalis pictures
Common around us... Complete collection of Chinese herbal medicine pictures
1. Datura
2. Bidens bipinnataWhen tender it can be eaten as a vegetable and is fairly palatable. It is said to be very effective in lowering transaminases. It can disperse liver heat.
3. Bitter lettucePeople in Yunnan call green vegetables bitter lettuce, but actually the one in the picture is the real bitter lettuce. Ancient materia medica listed it as a superior-grade herb. It can strengthen the stomach and benefit the gallbladder, and resist tumors, making it very suitable for modern people.
4. Malva verticillataThere are both wild and cultivated types. The Classic of Materia Medica listed it as a superior-grade herb. It is a vegetable beneficial to health when eaten, but most regions now do not know to eat it. The one in the picture above is the wild type. It can free the five viscera, the root is used to free the kidney orifices, and the leaves, with brown sugar as a guide, are effective when applied externally to treat sores and swellings.
5. NettleMedical books either say it is poisonous, slightly poisonous, highly poisonous, or extremely poisonous. In fact, in the past it was mostly used as medicine among the people, and now it is mostly eaten as a vegetable. When its stinging hairs are fresh, contact with the skin causes a stinging sensation. Whether boiled in soup or fried with eggs, it tastes quite good. It can treat wind cough in children, wind-fire toothache and other conditions. One patient said its root has a remarkable effect in treating urticaria.
6. Black nightshadeIt clears heat and treats tumors, and is also one of the commonly used wild vegetables. It has the effects of protecting the liver, strengthening the stomach, and improving eyesight.
7. Yellow RobeThe fruit is delicious, appetizing, soothes the liver and relieves tension, and is good for children to eat.
8. He shou wu (Polygonum multiflorum)When processed, it nourishes qi and blood, has a mild nature, and can be eaten regularly. When raw, it removes toxins and moves the bowels without harming yin. Its seedlings have the effect of calming the spirit and moistening the blood.
9. Black RobeThe fruit has the same effect as yellow robe. The leaves and tender tips, decocted with brown sugar as a guide, have a remarkable effect in treating acute liver-water diarrhea, and have no side effects.
10. Wild mintIts taste and effects are similar to the cultivated type: it disperses wind-heat, expels foul qi, and neutralizes fish and shrimp toxins.
11. PalmThe palm fiber, flowers and roots are used as medicine. Its nature is astringent and it can stop bleeding, but it is even more indicated for gynecological leukorrhea.
12: RehmanniaMedicinal use
Source: The fresh or dried tuberous root of the Scrophulariaceae plant Rehmannia glutinosa. Harvested in autumn, removing the rhizome, fibrous roots and sand, and used fresh; or slowly baking the rehmannia until about 80% dry. The former is customarily called fresh rehmannia, and the latter is customarily called raw rehmannia.
Processing: (prepared rehmannia) (1) Take clean raw rehmannia, stew it by the wine-stewing method until the wine is fully absorbed, take it out, air-dry until the mucus on the outer skin is slightly dry, cut into thick slices or pieces, and dry, and it is ready. For every 100 kg of raw rehmannia, use 30-50 kg of yellow wine. (2) Take clean raw rehmannia, steam it by the steaming method until black and moist, take it out, sun-dry until about 80% dry, cut into thick slices or pieces, and dry, and it is ready.
Nature and flavor: Fresh rehmannia: sweet, bitter, cold. Raw rehmannia: sweet, cold. Prepared rehmannia: sweet, slightly warm.
Meridian entry: enters the Heart, Liver and Kidney meridians.
Functions and indications: Rehmannia is cool in nature and sweet-bitter in taste, and has the effects of nourishing yin and tonifying the kidney, nourishing and supplementing blood, and cooling the blood. Anyone with yin deficiency, blood deficiency or kidney deficiency will benefit considerably from eating it. In addition, rehmannia has the effects of strengthening the heart and promoting diuresis, reducing fever and reducing inflammation, promoting blood coagulation, and lowering blood sugar.
Fresh rehmannia: clears heat and promotes fluid production, cools the blood, and stops bleeding. Used for damage to yin from febrile disease, crimson tongue with vexing thirst, macules and rashes, vomiting blood, epistaxis, and sore swollen throat.
Raw rehmannia: clears heat and cools the blood, nourishes yin, and promotes fluid production. Used for crimson tongue and vexing thirst in febrile disease, yin deficiency with internal heat, steaming bone and consumptive heat, internal heat with wasting-thirst, vomiting blood, epistaxis, macules and rashes.
Prepared rehmannia: nourishes yin and tonifies blood, benefits essence and fills marrow. Used for yin deficiency of the liver and kidney, soreness and weakness of the waist and knees, steaming bone and tidal fever, night sweats and spermatorrhea, internal heat with wasting-thirst, blood deficiency with sallow complexion, palpitations and anxiety, irregular menstruation, flooding and spotting with blood loss, dizziness, tinnitus, and premature graying of the hair and beard.
Usage and dosage: Fresh rehmannia: 12-30 g. Raw rehmannia and prepared rehmannia: 9-15 g.
Storage: Bury fresh rehmannia in sand to prevent freezing; place raw rehmannia in a ventilated and dry place to prevent mold and insects.
13. LambsquartersGenerally not used as medicine. Ancient formulas used it to make winter ash, but it is rarely used now. It can clear stagnation in the lungs and viscera.
14. Prunella vulgarisIt grows according to the season, can harmonize blood, and guides yang into yin to treat insomnia. Its taste is salty, and it can soften hardness and disperse accumulations. It is non-toxic, and the tender seedlings should be edible as a vegetable, but there are many vegetables in the central Yunnan area, so no one eats it.
15. PlantainPharmacies use the seeds. The herb and the seeds have the same effect: clearing bladder heat, promoting kidney qi, and preventing stones. In addition, it guides lung heat out through urination and can treat cough. There are two types, large-leaved and small-leaved, and the small-leaved one is better.
16. Iron wormwoodThere are many kinds of wormwood, some medicinal, some edible, and some both medicinal and edible. Pharmacies mostly use sweet wormwood and yellow wormwood. Iron wormwood can clear deficient heat and is similar to sweet wormwood, but its taste is not too bitter. During difficult times, ordinary people also ate it to stave off hunger. It has edible and health-care value, but unfortunately no one has researched and developed it.
17. HoneysuckleThe whole honeysuckle plant can be used as medicine, and it is one of the precious Chinese medicinal materials designated by the State Council.
Honeysuckle has the functions of clearing heat and removing toxins, resisting bacteria and reducing inflammation, and protecting the liver and benefiting the gallbladder.
Clinically it is used to treat respiratory infections, headache, sore throat and other diseases.
1. Antibacterial: honeysuckle has an inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus, Shigella dysenteriae, and Diplococcus pneumoniae.
2. Honeysuckle can neutralize cholesterol, thereby reducing the intestinal absorption of cholesterol.
3. Influenza, pneumonia, coronary heart disease, high blood lipids and other conditions. It has effects such as improving human immunity and delaying aging.
18. DandelionNature, flavor and functions: sweet, slightly bitter, cold. Clears heat and removes toxins, reduces swelling and disperses nodules.
Indications: upper respiratory tract infection, conjunctivitis, epidemic parotitis, mastitis, gastritis, dysentery,
hepatitis, cholecystitis, acute appendicitis, urinary tract infection. Pelvic inflammatory disease, carbuncles, furuncles and boils.
Application references:
1. Epidemic parotitis, mastitis: mash fresh dandelion and apply to the affected area.
2. Chronic bone inflammation: 15 g dandelion, 1 tablespoon fermented rice wine, decoct in water, mix and take after meals.
3. Carbuncles, furuncles and boils: dandelion, wild chrysanthemum, honeysuckle, and Viola mandshurica 30 g each, decoct in water and take.
19: MugwortEfficacy and effects of mugwort: treats a hundred diseases
Mugwort is bitter, drying, pungent and dispersing. It can regulate qi and blood, warm the meridians, expel cold-dampness, and stop cold pain, and is an important gynecological medicine. It is used to treat cold pain in the epigastrium and abdomen, irregular menstruation due to cold, cold uterus and infertility and other syndromes, such as Aifu Nuangong Pills. Stir-fried to charcoal, it stops bleeding and can be used to treat excessive menstruation of the deficiency-cold type, flooding and spotting with leukorrhea, and threatened miscarriage, such as Jiao Ai Tang. This product is pounded into rong and made into moxa sticks and moxa cones; external moxibustion can dispel cold and stop pain, and warm qi and blood. Decocted in water for external washing, it can treat weeping sores, scabies and tinea, and remove dampness and stop itching.
Efficacy and effects of mugwort: prevents epidemics
Benefits of soaking feet in mugwort: warming the lungs
According to the Compendium of Materia Medica, mugwort is a medicine that is warm in nature, bitter in taste, and non-toxic. It has the effects of restoring yang, regulating qi and blood, expelling damp-cold, and stopping bleeding and calming the fetus, and is also often used in acupuncture and moxibustion, so it is also called "medical herb." Soaking feet in mugwort can also improve lung function and is very beneficial for people with chronic bronchitis and those who easily cough up white phlegm. During foot soaking with mugwort, attention should be paid to also drinking more warm boiled water, eating fewer cold and cool foods, and resting well. Discomfort in the head, face and throat caused by deficient heat and excess fire, chronic bronchitis and other conditions can all be relieved to a certain extent. Patients with severe cold-dampness in the body can soak their feet in mugwort once a week. While soaking feet in mugwort water, one can also drink a cup of ginger and red date water (10 dried red dates plus two slices of ginger, add ten bowls of water and boil for two hours) as an auxiliary measure.
Method for soaking feet in mugwort:
The method of soaking feet in mugwort is similar to the method of soaking feet in ginger. Generally take 30-50 g (a small handful) of dried mugwort, boil it in water and soak the feet, with the boiling method the same as mentioned above.
20. Sedum sarmentosumIt grows in fields and at field edges near water
Sweet, bland, slightly sour, cool. It can clear heat and remove toxins, reduce carbuncles and swelling, promote diuresis, and neutralize snake venom.
Indications and usage:
Burns from great fire, carbuncles, swellings and sores, poisonous snake bites, cancer: fresh herb 1 to 4 liang, washed, mashed for juice and taken. Dried product 5 qian to 1 liang, decocted and taken. For external use, an appropriate amount of fresh herb, washed, mashed for juice and applied to the affected area.
21. Lantern grassThere is no need to say much about this; I believe people often picked and ate it as children.
Sour, neutral. Clears heat and removes toxins, promotes diuresis and stops bleeding, reduces swelling and disperses nodules.
Indications and usage:
(1) Sore swollen throat, lung abscess, mumps.
(2) Difficult urination, bloody urine.
For the above conditions, the dosage is 3 to 5 qian, decocted and taken.
(3) Swollen and painful gums: wash fresh herb, mash it, soak in vinegar and gargle.
(4) Pemphigus: wash the whole fresh herb, mash for juice and apply to the affected area.
This medicine has the effect of contracting the uterus, and is contraindicated for pregnant women.
22. Cocklebur fruit[Nature and flavor] Warm in nature, pungent and bitter in taste.
[Functions and indications] Disperses wind-dampness, unblocks the nasal orifices. Used for wind-cold headache, sinusitis with runny nose, wind rash and itching, and damp arthralgia with contracture.
Note: The whole cocklebur plant is also used medicinally, to treat acute and chronic gastroenteritis and bacillary dysentery.
23. KalimerisIt is also a common wild vegetable.
Also known as: kalimeris head, jieqian chrysanthemum, ji'er intestine, red-stemmed vegetable, etc. Asteraceae, Kalimeris genus.
The whole herb is used medicinally. Cool in nature, pungent in taste. Enters the Hand Taiyin Lung and Foot Jueyin Liver meridians.
Cools the blood, clears heat, promotes diuresis, and removes toxins.
Treats vomiting blood, epistaxis, bloody dysentery, traumatic bleeding, malaria, jaundice, edema, strangury with turbidity, sore throat, throat obstruction, hemorrhoids, carbuncles and swellings, erysipelas, and snake bites.
Usage and dosage: internal use: decocted in water, 3-6 qian (1-2 liang if fresh); or mashed for juice. External use: mashed and applied, ground into powder and dusted on, or decocted in water for washing.
24. Shepherd's purseIt is one of the most common wild vegetables. It can be stir-fried, served as a cold dish, and also used as dumpling filling.
Also known as: husheng grass, fragrant field shepherd's purse, langgu vegetable, etc. Brassicaceae, Capsella genus.
Medicinal whole plant. Neutral in nature, sweet in taste. Enters the Hand Shaoyin, Taiyin, and Foot Jueyin meridians. Harmonizes the spleen, promotes diuresis, stops bleeding, and improves eyesight. Treats dysentery, edema, gonorrhea, chyluria, hematemesis, hematochezia, metrorrhagia, menorrhagia, and red painful eyes.
Usage and dosage: Oral: decoct in water, 3-5 qian (1-2 liang if fresh); or take in pill or powder form.
External use: grind into powder and apply mixed with liquid, pound and apply, or pound to extract juice for topical application.
25. Small thistleOne of the wild vegetables. Also known as: cirsium, cat thistle, thorn radish, knife vegetable, wild safflower, etc.
Asteraceae, Cirsium genus. Medicinal whole plant or root. Cool in nature, sweet in taste. Enters the Liver and Spleen meridians. Cools the blood, dispels stasis, and stops bleeding. Treats hematemesis, epistaxis, hematuria, bloody strangury, hematochezia, metrorrhagia, acute infectious hepatitis, traumatic bleeding, boils, and carbuncles.
Usage and dosage: Oral: decoct in water, 1.5-3 qian (1-2 liang if fresh); pound to extract juice or grind into powder.
External use: pound and apply or decoct in water and wash. Contraindications: Not to be taken by those with spleen-stomach deficiency cold without blood stasis.
26. Water dropwortOne of the wild vegetables.
Apiaceae, Oenanthe genus. Medicinal whole plant. Cool in nature, pungent in taste. Calms the liver, releases the exterior, and promotes eruption. Treats early-stage measles, hypertension, and insomnia. If gathering it yourself, beware of a similar toxic species, hemlock water dropwort, which has a thick sturdy stem and generally grows scattered, whereas water dropwort grows in patches by water or in wet areas.
27. PennywortAliases: broken copper coin, chicken intestine vegetable, pot coriander, etc. Apiaceae, Hydrocotyle genus.
Medicinal whole plant. Cold in nature, bitter and pungent in taste. Clears heat, promotes diuresis, reduces swelling, and detoxifies. Treats jaundice, red and white dysentery, gonorrhea, difficult urination, eye opacity, throat swelling, carbuncles and boils, and traumatic injuries.
Usage and dosage:
Oral: decoct in water 3-5 qian, or pound to extract juice.
External use: pound and apply, insert into the nostril, or pound to extract juice and drip into the ear.
28. Wood sorrel (here referring to yellow wood sorrel)Aliases: three-leaf sour grass, vinegar mother herb, dove sour, etc.
Oxalidaceae, Oxalis genus. Medicinal whole plant. Cold in nature, sour in taste. Enters the Hand Yangming and Taiyang meridians. Clears heat and drains dampness, cools the blood, disperses stasis, reduces swelling, and detoxifies. Treats diarrhea, dysentery, jaundice, gonorrhea, red and white leukorrhea, measles, hematemesis, epistaxis, sore throat, boils, carbuncles, scabies, hemorrhoids, rectal prolapse, traumatic injuries, and scald and burn injuries.
Usage and dosage:
Oral: decoct in water, 2-4 qian (1-2 liang if fresh), pound to extract juice or grind into powder.
External use: decoct in water and wash, pound and apply, pound to extract juice and smear, mix and apply, or decoct in water for gargling.
29. Field mouse-ear chickweedChinese medicine name: grandmother's fingernail vegetable. Aliases: melon seed grass, tall mouse-ear grass. Caryophyllaceae, Cerastium genus.
Medicinal whole plant. Sweet in taste. Clears heat symptoms of urination.
Usage and dosage:
Oral: decoct in water, 5-6 qian.
External use: pound and apply.
30. PearlwortAliases: pearl grass, ground pine. Caryophyllaceae, Sagina genus.
Medicinal whole plant. Cool in nature, bitter and pungent in taste. Treats lacquer poisoning, favus, carbuncles, scrofula, dental caries, infantile indigestion, and internal traumatic injuries.
Usage and dosage:
Oral: decoct in water 3-5 qian, or grind into powder.
External use: pound to extract juice and smear or pound and apply.
31. Miquel's mazusChinese medicine name: green orchid flower. Aliases: tiger cub grass, stone strangury grass, pus blister medicine. Scrophulariaceae, Mazus genus. Cool in nature, slightly sweet in taste, non-toxic. Medicinal whole plant. Reduces inflammation and detoxifies. Treats carbuncles, boils, and scalds.
Selected prescriptions:
1. To treat carbuncles and sores: dried Miquel's mazus, grind into fine powder, mix with cold water and apply to the affected area, change once a day.
2. To treat boils: dried Miquel's mazus and hibiscus flower and leaves, pound together, mix with rice washing water and take orally.
3. To treat scald and burn injuries: fresh herb, pound and squeeze out the juice, use clean cotton to dip and soak the affected area, frequent soaking and smearing is effective.
32. Persian speedwellChinese medicine name: kidney seed grass. Aliases: lantern grass, Persian water bitter herb. Scrophulariaceae, Veronica genus.
Neutral in nature, bitter, pungent and salty in taste. Medicinal whole plant. Relieves heat toxin, treats kidney deficiency, and treats rheumatism.
Selected prescriptions:
1. To treat kidney deficiency: lantern grass 1 liang, stew with meat and eat.
2. To treat scabies: lantern grass decocted in water and wash.
3. To treat rheumatic pain: lantern grass 1 liang, boil in wine and take warm.
4. To treat chronic malaria: lantern grass 1 liang, Dichroa febrifuga 1 qian, decoct in water and take.
5. To treat pediatric scrotal swelling: lantern grass 3 liang, decoct in water and fumigate and wash the affected area.
33. Chinese milk vetchOther names: qiaoyao, red flower grass, caozi, etc.
Culinary uses
Tender fresh Chinese milk vetch is edible, can be stir-fried plain, or made into soup; the cooking method is the same as pumpkin shoots and pea shoots.
Medicinal value
Chinese medicine name: qiaoyao (Chinese milk vetch seed)
Aliases: tiaozi vegetable, sand tribulus, red flower grass, yaoche, wild broad bean, small vetch.
Properties: pungent, neutral, non-toxic.
Main indications: Breaks blood stasis, stops bleeding and promotes tissue regeneration. Benefits and nourishes the five viscera, brightens the eyes and ears, dispels heat wind, makes the body light and agile, can be eaten for a long time without aversion, and tonifies the body. Stops heat malaria, invigorates the blood and calms the stomach.
34. Red knotweedEcological environment: grows by roadsides and in waterside wetlands.
Resource distribution: except for the Tibet Autonomous Region, distributed almost throughout the country.
Nature and taste: pungent; neutral in nature; slightly toxic. Meridian entry: Liver; Spleen meridians.
Functions and indications: Disperses wind and removes dampness; clears heat and detoxifies; invigorates blood; stops malaria. Mainly treats wind-dampness arthralgia; dysentery; diarrhea; vomiting and diarrhea with muscle cramps; edema; beriberi; carbuncles and boils; snake and insect bites; pediatric malnutrition and hernia; traumatic injuries; malaria.
35. FleabanePaired with black nightshade
Effects: Induces sweating and releases the exterior.
Main indications: Used for warm-heat diseases.
Nature, taste and meridian entry: Pungent, cool. Lung meridian.
Usage and dosage: Oral: decoct in water, 3-9 grams.
"Fleabane growing among hemp, without support it grows straight" - fleabane is this flower.
36. Sun spurgeNature and taste: Slightly cold in nature, bitter in taste; toxic.
Functions and indications: Promotes diuresis and reduces swelling, transforms phlegm and dissipates nodules, kills parasites and stops itching. Used for ascites, edema, pulmonary tuberculosis, cervical lymph node tuberculosis, copious phlegm with wheezing and cough, and tinea and sores.
Usage and dosage
Decoct and take, 5-10 grams. External use in appropriate amount.
Caution
Use with caution in those with spleen-stomach deficiency cold.
37. Green foxtailAliases: green foxtail grass, millet grass, foxtail, dog's tail grass, bright grass, arhat grass, and fox tail
Main indications: Removes heat, eliminates dampness, reduces swelling. Treats carbuncles, sores and tinea, and red eyes.
Usage and dosage
Oral: decoct in water, 2-4 qian (1-2 liang if fresh). External use: decoct in water and wash or pound and apply (sweet in taste).
Nature, taste and meridian entry: Bland, neutral.
Functions and indications
Disperses wind and brightens the eyes, clears heat and promotes diuresis. Used for wind-heat common cold, trachoma, red painful eyes, jaundice hepatitis, and difficult urination; external use for cervical lymph node tuberculosis.
38. DaylilyDaylily is the flower bud of a perennial herbaceous plant, fresh in taste and tender in texture, rich in nutrition, containing abundant pollen, sugar, protein, vitamin C, calcium, fat, carotene, amino acids and other nutrients essential to the human body; its carotene content is even several times more than that of tomatoes. Daylily is sweet and cool in nature and taste, with effects of stopping bleeding, reducing inflammation, clearing heat, draining dampness, promoting digestion, brightening the eyes, and calming the spirit. It is effective for hematemesis, blood in the stool, urinary obstruction, insomnia, and insufficient lactation, and can serve as a restorative tonic after illness or childbirth.
Effects: Nourishes the blood and calms the liver, promotes diuresis and reduces swelling.
Treats dizziness, tinnitus, palpitations, low back pain, hematemesis, epistaxis, large intestine bleeding, edema, gonorrhea, sore throat, and breast carbuncle.
To treat breast carbuncle swelling and pain, and sore toxin: pound daylily root and apply.
To treat pediatric malnutrition: daylily leaves 15 grams, decoct in water and take.
39. Scarlet sageThe medicinal part is the whole plant, which can be harvested throughout the growing period, used fresh or dried in the sun for later use.
Nature, taste and effects
Sweet, neutral.
Clears heat, cools the blood, reduces swelling.
Main indications and selected prescriptions
To treat early-stage boils: fresh scarlet sage appropriate amount, pound and apply externally.
40. Small snapweedGrowing environment: grows in mixed forests, forest edges, roadsides, by river ditches, and in streamside grass clusters, at an altitude of 150-3060 m.
Producing areas: except for Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang and other provinces and regions, produced throughout the country.
Uses
The fruit is slightly toxic, with effects of invigorating blood and reducing swelling, and astringing and killing parasites; used for chronic diarrhea, ascariasis, carbuncles and sores that ulcerate and do not heal for a long time, and trichomonas vaginitis and other conditions.
The fruit can also be used to extract aromatic oil. The root boiled with meat can treat hematemesis.
41. Morning gloryGrowing location: grows in mountain shrublands, by villages, and by roadsides; mostly cultivated. Distributed throughout the country.
Collection and processing: In late autumn when the fruit is ripe and the fruit shell has not yet split, harvest the plant, dry in the sun, thresh out the seeds, and remove impurities.
Nature and taste: Cold in nature, bitter in taste; toxic.
Functions and indications: Drains water and relieves constipation, eliminates phlegm and flushes fluids, kills parasites and attacks accumulations. Used for edema and distention, obstruction of both urination and defecation, phlegm-fluid accumulation, qi counterflow with wheezing and cough, parasitic accumulation with abdominal pain, ascariasis, and taeniasis.
Morning glory has relatively high medicinal value. In the Ming Dynasty, Wu Kuan wrote a poem praising it: "The materia medica records medicinal items, in the herb section one finds morning glory. Among the warm breeze and fence, its vines grow most entwined."
42. Sheathed monochoriaDietary therapeutic effects of sheathed monochoria:
Sheathed monochoria is bitter in taste and cool in nature;
It has the effect of clearing heat and detoxifying;
Mainly treats dysentery, enteritis, acute tonsillitis, erysipelas, boils, etc. It can also be used for acute bronchitis and whooping cough.
Preparation guidance for sheathed monochoria:
1. To treat hematemesis: sheathed monochoria 1-2 liang. Stew with lean pork and take.
2. To treat red and white dysentery: sheathed monochoria appropriate amount, dried in the sun. Brew as tea daily and take, continuously for 3-4 days.
3. To treat boils: sheathed monochoria plus tung oil, pound and apply to the affected area.
4. Tooth extraction: 2 qian of Burmannia disticha, 2 qian of hosta flower root, 1 qian of arsenic, and 1 crucian carp (about 1 jin in weight). Grind the first three herbs together into a fine powder, remove the fish's intestines and viscera, stuff the medicine inside and sew it up, hang it in a cool, ventilated place for about 50 days, after which a frost-like substance, namely the medicinal powder to be used, will grow on the fish scales. When using, first slightly loosen the gum, apply this medicine (about the amount of medicine on one scale), and after a moment the tooth can be pulled out. This medicine must not be swallowed, to avoid poisoning
5. Treating snake and insect bites: fresh Monochoria vaginalis, pounded and applied as a poultice.
Cautions and contraindications: contraindicated for diarrhea and dysentery of the deficiency-cold type
43. Water HyacinthAliases: water hyacinth, water lettuce
The whole plant is used as medicine. Collected in spring and summer, washed clean, used fresh or dried in the sun.
Nature and flavor: bland, cool.
Functions and indications: clears heat and relieves summerheat, promotes urination and reduces swelling. Used for summerheat stroke with vexing thirst, nephritic edema, and difficult urination.
Usage and dosage: 0.5 to 1 liang
44. Wahlenbergia marginataTonifies deficiency, releases the exterior. Treats consumptive damage and overstrain, coughing blood, epistaxis, spontaneous sweating, night sweats, women's leukorrhea, common cold with cough, stomach pain, diarrhea and dysentery, and cuts
45. BupleurumNature, flavor, and meridian entry: slightly cold in nature, bitter and pungent in flavor, enters the Liver, Lung, and Spleen meridians.
Functions: releases the exterior and vents heat, soothes the liver and relieves depression, raises yang qi.
Indications: common cold with fever, alternating chills and fever, malaria, liver qi stagnation, distending pain in the chest and hypochondrium, rectal prolapse, uterine prolapse, irregular menstruation.
Medicinal material: Bupleurum usage and dosage: decocted, 3 to 10 g. For releasing the exterior and reducing fever, the dosage should be somewhat heavier, and the raw product is preferable.
For soothing the liver and relieving depression, vinegar-prepared is appropriate; for raising yang and lifting prolapse, either the raw or vinegar-prepared form may be used, and the dosage should be somewhat lighter in both cases
47. Angelica dahuricaReleases the exterior and disperses cold, dispels wind and relieves pain, unblocks the nasal passages, dries dampness and stops leukorrhea, reduces swelling and drains pus.
Treats headache, pain in the supraorbital bone, toothache, sinusitis, cold-damp abdominal pain, intestinal wind and hemorrhoids, red and white leukorrhea, carbuncles and sores, dry and itchy skin, scabies and tinea. Characteristics and classification: Angelica dahurica is long and conical, 10-25 cm long and 1.5-2.5 cm in diameter. The surface is grayish-brown or yellowish-brown; the root head is bluntly four-angled or perfectly round, with longitudinal wrinkles, branch root scars, and lenticel-like transverse protrusions, commonly known as 'geda ding'. The apex has a sunken stem scar
Processing: remove impurities, wash with water, soak, take out and moisten thoroughly, sun briefly until the outer skin no longer feels slippery, then moisten again and slice and dry
48. PinelliaThis species is a toxic plant recorded in the Chinese Plant Atlas Database; its toxicity is that the whole plant is toxic, with the tubers being more toxic, and eating 0.1-1.8 g raw can cause poisoning. It can cause strong irritation to the mucous membranes of the mouth, throat, and digestive tract;
Pinellia is an important medicinal material in China's treasure trove of traditional Chinese medicine
Pinellia - Chinese medicinal material, its places of origin are only China and Japan in Asia.
Its functions are drying dampness and transforming phlegm, harmonizing the stomach and stopping vomiting; it mainly treats phlegm-damp and water-fluid retention, vomiting, cough and panting, and other conditions.
Pungent, dispersing, warm, drying, and toxic; it mainly enters the Spleen and Stomach and also enters the Lung; it can move water-dampness, descend rebellious qi, and is good at dispelling spleen-stomach damp-phlegm. When water-dampness is removed, the Spleen is strengthened and phlegm-fluid resolves on its own; when rebellious qi is descended, the Stomach is harmonized and distention and vomiting stop on their own. Therefore it is a good medicine for drying dampness and transforming phlegm, descending rebellious qi and stopping vomiting, and resolving distention and dissipating nodules.
49. OphiopogonNature, flavor, and meridian entry: sweet, slightly bitter, slightly cold. Enters the Heart, Lung, and Stomach meridians.
Functions and indications: nourishes yin and generates fluids, moistens the lungs and clears the heart. Used for dry cough due to lung dryness, consumptive cough due to yin deficiency, throat impediment and sore throat, thirst due to fluid damage, wasting-thirst due to internal heat, vexation and insomnia, and constipation due to intestinal dryness.
50. Polygonatum odoratumNourishes yin, moistens dryness, eliminates vexation, quenches thirst. Treats yin damage from febrile disease, cough with vexing thirst, consumptive fever, rapid digestion with easy hunger, and frequent urination
51. Mulberry root barkNature, flavor, and meridian entry: sweet and cold, enters the Lung meridian.
Functions: drains the lungs and calms panting, promotes urination and reduces swelling. Used for cough and panting due to lung heat, swelling of the face and eyes, and difficult urination, among other conditions
52. Isodon serraBitter in nature, cold. Clears heat and drains dampness, reduces jaundice and eliminates dampness, cools the blood and dissipates stasis. It is a very good Chinese medicine for treating hepatitis.
Nature and flavor
[Usage and dosage]
Internal use: decocted, 25 to 50 grams (100 to 150 grams if fresh).
Functions and indications
Isodon serra (5 photos)
Clears heat and drains dampness, cools the blood and dissipates stasis. Treats acute hepatitis, acute cholecystitis, dysentery, enteritis, uroschesis, and traumatic swelling and stasis.
Jaundice-type hepatitis: symptoms include yellow staining of the skin and sclera, aversion to cold and fever, fatigue, poor appetite, dull pain in the liver area, hepatosplenomegaly, yellow urine, red tongue with thin yellow coating, and wiry slippery pulse.
Acute cholecystitis: symptoms include aversion to cold and fever, pain in the right upper abdomen radiating to the right shoulder and back, dry and bitter mouth, nausea and vomiting, sometimes with dry bound stool, or sometimes with diarrhea, jaundice, etc.
53. Lotus seedCancer prevention and anti-cancer: lotus seed is good at tonifying the deficiencies of the five zang organs and unblocking the qi and blood of the twelve meridians, keeping qi and blood flowing smoothly without putrefaction. The oxoushinsunine contained in lotus seed has an inhibitory effect on nasopharyngeal carcinoma. All of this constitutes the nutritional health function of lotus seed in preventing and fighting cancer;
Lowering blood pressure: the non-crystalline alkaloid N-9 contained in lotus seed has a blood pressure-lowering effect;
Strengthening the heart and calming the spirit: the alkaloids contained in the lotus plumule have a significant cardiotonic effect, and liensinine has a relatively strong effect against calcium and against arrhythmia
Nourishes and tonifies deficiency, stops seminal emission and reduces spermatorrhea: the raffinose contained in lotus seed is a tonic suitable for all ages, and for those long ill, postpartum, or elderly and weak, it is even more a commonly used excellent nutritional product; lotus seed alkaloid has a calming effect on
sexual desire, and for young people with many dreams, frequent spermatorrhea, or involuntary seminal emission, eating lotus seed has a good effect in stopping emission and reducing spermatorrhea;
Clears the heart and removes spots: lotus seed with the plumule can clear heart fire and remove freckles, but it must not be decocted for a long time
54. Magnolia officinalisYoupo, houpi, chongpi, chipo, liepo, chuanpu
Nature and flavor: bitter; pungent; warm in nature
Meridian entry: Spleen meridian; Stomach meridian; Large Intestine meridian.
Functions: moves qi and disperses accumulation; dries dampness and eliminates fullness; descends rebellious qi and calms panting
An aromatic dampness-transforming Chinese medicine, mainly treats: food accumulation with qi stagnation; abdominal distention and constipation; dampness obstructing the middle jiao, with epigastric distention and vomiting and diarrhea; phlegm congestion with rebellious qi; chest fullness with panting and cough.
Usage and dosage: internal use: decocted, 3-10 grams; or made into pills or powders.
Use with caution in pregnant women
55. Isatis rootHas the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, cooling the blood and reducing swelling, and benefiting the throat.
Effects: heat-clearing medicine; heat-clearing and detoxifying medicine; blood-cooling medicine
Nature and flavor: bitter, cold.
Meridian entry: enters the blood aspects of the Liver and Stomach.
Effects: clears heat, detoxifies, cools the blood, benefits the throat.
Indications: warm toxin with skin eruptions; high fever and headache;
great head plague; dark purple tongue, erosive throat with red macules;
erysipelas; mumps; throat impediment; sores and swellings, carbuncle swellings;
chickenpox; measles;
hepatitis; influenza, epidemic meningitis, Japanese encephalitis, pneumonia, clouded spirit with vomiting blood and epistaxis, swollen throat, pinkeye, sores and rashes;
Can prevent and treat epidemic Japanese encephalitis, acute and chronic hepatitis, epidemic parotitis, and osteomyelitis
Usage and dosage: internal use: decocted, 15-30 grams, with large doses up to 60-120 grams; or made into pills or powders. Long-term use: appropriate amount, decocted for fumigation and washing.
Medication contraindications: contraindicated for those with a weak constitution but without excess fire and heat toxin.
56. GardeniaMeridian entry: Heart meridian; Liver meridian; Lung meridian; Stomach meridian; Sanjiao meridian
Family and genus classification: Rubiaceae
Efficacy classification: heat-clearing and fire-purging medicine
Effects: purges fire and eliminates vexation; clears heat and drains dampness; cools the blood and detoxifies; charred gardenia: cools the blood and stops bleeding.
Indications: vexation in febrile disease; red eyes due to liver fire; headache; damp-heat jaundice; strangury; bloody dysentery and blood in the urine; sores in the mouth and tongue; sores and swelling with toxin; sprain with swelling and pain
Odor and flavor: bitter, cold, non-toxic.
Usage and dosage: internal use: decocted, 5-10 grams; or made into pills or powders. External use: appropriate amount, ground into powder and sprinkled on or mixed for application
57. Agastache rugosaNature and flavor: pungent in flavor; slightly warm in nature.
Meridian entry: enters the Lung, Spleen, and Stomach meridians.
Effects and indications: dispels summerheat and releases the exterior; transforms dampness and harmonizes the stomach. Mainly for summer common cold; chills and fever with headache; chest and epigastric distention and oppression; vomiting and diarrhea; vomiting during pregnancy; sinusitis; tinea of the hands and feet.
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