What are the tobacco leaf cultivation and management techniques? A veteran tobacco farmer explains the growing methods in detail
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1. Seed soaking
Select seeds with good maturity, sun-dry the seeds for two days on a sunny day to help improve the germination rate and germination vigor, then soak the seeds in a 5000-fold potassium permanganate solution for 6 hours, remove them andgerminate them at a temperature of 25-28°C, until the radicle emerges.
2. Seedling raising
Make beds with a bed width of 1.5 cm, sterilize the bed soil with carbendazim or dijunxiao before sowing. Keep the temperature inside the bed at around 25°C to prevent high-temperature spindly growth, andventilate and harden the seedlings in time. Thin the seedlings when they grow to 5 cm tall, to cultivate short and strong seedlings.
3. Fertilization
Mainly use farmyard manure, apply 1500 kg of farmyard manure, 15 kg of urea, 15 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 13 kg of potassium sulfate per mu as a one-time base fertilizer, then form ridges and cover with film, covering two ridges with 1.5 m wide plastic film.
4. Transplanting
Plant by making holes in the film at a spacing of 40 cm, and after planting, drench the roots with an 800-fold solution of Lanjingling to prevent root rot and fusarium wilt.
5. Suckering
When the tobacco seedlings grow to the 8-9 leaf stage, promptly remove the growing point by cutting downward from three sides toward the center with a curved-blade knife, then pick out the growing point. After the growing point is removed, tender buds will sprout from the base of each leaf, namely tobacco suckers, which must be removed promptly to prevent them from growing too long and consuming nutrients, which would affect the normal growth of the tobacco leaves.
6. Pest and disease control
The main pests of tobacco leaves are tobacco aphids and tobacco budworms, and the main diseases are brown spot, frogeye leaf spot, wildfire disease, bacterial angular leaf spot, anthracnose, and viral diseases. Correspondingpesticides should be applied in time to prevent them from affecting the quality of the tobacco leaves.
7. Harvesting
When the tobacco leaves change from green to light yellow and feel very sticky when pinched by hand, they can be harvested. Cut off each leaf together with its stalk using a tobacco knife, and after leaving them in place for one day, they can be strung up and hung on racks for drying. During drying, turn them every few days so that both the inner and outer tobacco leaves are dried to a yellow-red color, improving the quality of the tobacco leaves.
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