Detailed Explanation of the Technical Requirements for Standardized Cultivation of Vietnamese Sophora Root

Technical Requirements for Standardized Cultivation of Vietnamese Sophora Root

Production Area Environmental Conditions

1 Basic Requirements 'First Factory

Shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 18407.1.

2 Growth Environment

2.1 Temperature The annual average temperature is 19°C-21°C, and the most suitable growth temperature is 25°C-30°C.

2.2 Humidity The annual average relative air humidity should be above 75%.

2.3 Light The shade degree at the seedling stage is 50%-60%, and the shade degree one year after planting is 20%-30%.

3 Garden Plot Selection

Select sandy limestone loam with deep soil layers, loose texture and good drainage.

4 Cultivation Techniques

4.1 Propagation It is divided into seed propagation and cutting propagation.

4.1.1 Seed Propagation

4.1.1.1 Harvesting and Storage From October to November each year, when the pods gradually change from green to yellow, harvest the pods in time, thresh out the seeds and dry them, then place them indoors

in a ventilated and dry place for storage.

4.1.1.2 Sowing and Seedling Raising ① Sowing time: autumn sowing is carried out after the seeds are harvested and dried, and spring sowing time is from the end of February to mid-March. ② Sowing method: after the seeds have been pregerminated and the radicles emerge, open holes on the seedbed at a plant-row spacing of 40 cm x 40 cm in a triangular arrangement and sow two rows by dibbling, covering with 3 cm of soil. ③ Seedling raising and transplanting: sow the seeds in drills at a plant-row spacing of 5 cm-10 cm on a prepared river sand seedbed, and transplant when the seedlings are more than 10 cm tall.

4.1.2 Cutting Propagation

4.1.2.1 Selection of Cuttings Select robust plants free from pest and disease damage, cut annual branches with a diameter of 0.5-1.0 cm, take the middle and lower sections and cut them into short stem segments 25 cm long with 2-3 nodes.

4.1.2.2 Treatment of Cuttings Soak 1/3 of the cuttings in a 150 mg/L indolebutyric acid (IBA) solution for 5 h, then remove and insert them.

4.1.2.3 Cutting ① Cutting bed and substrate: use clean river sand or vermiculite as the substrate, 120 cm wide and 30 cm deep, with a shade net. ② Cutting time: spring in March, autumn from mid-October to November. ③ Cutting specifications: when cutting, use a small shovel to open a 15 cm deep furrow in the cutting bed, place the cuttings obliquely into the furrow at a plant-row spacing of 5 cm x 15 cm, with 2/3 of the depth in sand, cover with sand so that the cuttings form a 45° angle with the sand surface, and water thoroughly.

4.1.3 Seedling Stage Management

4.1.3.1 Drainage and Irrigation Water frequently to keep the seedbed moist, and pay attention to drainage during the rainy season to prevent water accumulation.

4.1.3.2 Weeding and Fertilization Weed 2-3 times and fertilize 2-3 times during the seedling stage, mainly with light application of nitrogen fertilizer. Each time apply 1,000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure water or 10 kg of urea diluted with water per 667 sq m as a drench.

4.2 Planting

4.2.1 Land Preparation One month before planting, plow deeply and sun-dry. Before planting, plow and harrow until the soil clods are fine and broken, make beds 70 cm wide and 15-20 cm high, and level the bed surface. Dig holes at a row spacing of 40 cm and a plant spacing of 40 cm, with hole length, depth and width of 20 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm, apply 2-3 jin of mixed fertilizer of stable manure, compost and plant ash into each hole, mix well with the soil, and then plant. The hygiene indicators of farmyard manure shall be implemented in accordance with Appendix C of NY/T 5002.

4.2.2 Method Place 1 seedling per hole. When placing the seedling, let its roots spread out naturally, cover with soil up to the rhizome, press the soil slightly firm, and water sufficiently to settle the roots.

4.2.3 Field Management

4.2.3.1 Intertillage and Weeding Carry out shallow intertillage and weeding once each in March-April, July-August and November every year. During the seedling stage, spread rice straw or fern grass on the bed surface.

4.2.3.2 Irrigation and Drainage During the growth and development period, keep the soil moist. Irrigate promptly in case of drought; do drainage work well after rain.

4.2.3.3 Fertilization Fertilization is carried out together with intertillage and weeding, applying compound fertilizer twice a year, in March-April and November after intertillage and weeding. During the seedling growth period, apply an average of 10 g per plant, and after the second year an average of 20 g per plant, evenly broadcast on the ground beside the plants, and cultivate soil after application.

4.3 Pest and Disease Control

4.3.1 Control Principles Follow the plant protection policy of "prevention first, integrated control", and comply with the pollution-free control principle of "giving priority to agricultural control, physical control and biological control, with chemical control as a supplement". When using pesticides for control, strictly implement the relevant provisions of GB 4285.

4.3.2 Control Methods

4.3.2.1 Agricultural Control Strengthen field management, apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, maintain appropriate shade degree and humidity, and prevent water accumulation on the ground. Adopt measures such as cutting off or pulling out diseased and pest-infested plants, removing dead leaves and burning or deeply burying them; scientific fertilization; crop rotation; and deep plowing followed by sun exposure to suppress the occurrence of pests and diseases.

4.3.2.2 Chemical Control ① Root rot: the pathogen mainly invades through the roots, causing root rot, and the aboveground part appears wilted. The disease can occur throughout the year, with summer and autumn as the period of severe occurrence. In the early stage of the disease, drench the roots with chlorothalonil or thiophanate-methyl diluted 500-800 times with water, for 2-3 consecutive times. ② Southern blight: the pathogen mainly damages the stem base and roots, causing the affected parts to split longitudinally and turn brown, and later rot. The disease mainly occurs in hot and humid seasons. In the early stage of the disease, drench the roots or spray with carbendazim or tuojunte diluted 500-800 times with water, for 2-3 consecutive times. ③ Stem-boring borer: the larvae bore into the stems and branches, causing the interior to become completely hollow, and finally the entire aboveground part dies. White elongated excrement can be found on the ground around the affected plants. Control should be carried out during the egg stage and young larval stage of this insect, that is, from April to June, by spraying with chlorpyrifos or acephate diluted 800 times with water or pouring it into the boreholes. ④ Bean pod borer: when drought occurs, the larvae of the bean pod borer feed on the beans inside the pods, causing the pods to wilt and become dry and flat, with no seeds to harvest. Therefore, during the bud and flowering stage of Vietnamese Sophora Root, observe carefully, and once found, spray with trichlorfon or phoxim diluted 800-1,200 times with water. ⑤ Red spider mite: this pest mite can occur throughout the year, mainly piercing and sucking on the back of plant leaves, causing irregular chlorosis on the front of the leaves that turns into small white spots, seriously affecting photosynthesis. In the early stage of occurrence, spray with dimethoate or imidacloprid diluted 1,200-1,500 times. ⑥ Scale insect: this insect can occur throughout the year, gathering on the young and tender parts of Vietnamese Sophora Root plants to pierce and suck, causing young leaves to curl and become deformed. Spray with dichlorvos or imidacloprid diluted 1,200-1,500 times with water.

5 Harvesting and Primary Processing

5.1 Harvesting

5.1.1 Harvesting Time Harvest 3-4 years after planting.

5.1.2 Harvesting Method Generally harvested in the same year. In autumn, dig out the roots, remove the aboveground part with branch shears, and retain the roots and rhizomes.

5.2 Primary Processing

After washing clean, sun-dry or oven-dry.

6 Storage

Store in a dry, cool and ventilated place.