How to grow spring hyacinth beans? Keep these planting precautions in mind
Hyacinth bean, also known as hedge bean, magpie bean, and flour bean, is locally also called eyebrow bean, sword bean, etc. Its tender pods and seeds are eaten. Hyacinth beans not only have high nutritional value, but also have medicinal value such as strengthening the spleen and draining dampness. In recent years, the selling price has been relatively high, and the corresponding planting benefits have also increased. For spring hyacinth beans, extremely early-maturing or early-maturing hybrid varieties should be selected, such as Changbian No. 1, Changbian No. 2, Jizao Cuilu No. 4, Spring Hyacinth Bean Type I, Spring Hyacinth Bean Type II, etc.
Hyacinth beans are most averse to continuous cropping. Continuous cropping of hyacinth beans not only causes severe pests and diseases in that year, reducing hyacinth bean yield or even resulting in no harvest, but more seriously, after the hyacinth beans are harvested, a large amount of pest and disease sources remain in the field, increasing the base of pest and disease sources for the next year. Generally, rotation with non-legume crops is needed for 2 to 3 years.
Land preparation and fertilization: Most previous crops for spring hyacinth beans are Chinese cabbage, radish, Welsh onion, garlic sprouts, and other stubble. Deep plowing should be done in advance, and sufficient base fertilizer should be applied, then ridges should be formed. Generally, wide and narrow row cultivation on ridged beds is used. The ridge height is 12-15 cm, and the ridge width is 1.2 m (including the ditch). The ridge surface is turtle-back shaped, with 2 rows planted per ridge. Alternatively, the ridge width can be 70 cm with single-row planting.
Seedling raising: To bring them to market early and seize the market, seedlings can be raised in mid-March using small arched sheds or sun-facing seedbeds; direct sowing can also be done in early April with plastic film mulching. Before sowing, nutrient soil should be prepared. The method is: 6 parts disease-free and pest-free fertile garden soil, preferably soil from Welsh onion or garlic stubble, and 4 parts decomposed cattle, sheep, mule, horse, and pig manure, mixed and sieved. For each cubic meter of nutrient soil, add 20 kg of decomposed chicken manure, 1 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 10 kg of plant ash, and spray with 200 g of 1% formalin solution for disinfection. After spraying, mix the nutrient soil well, seal it with film for two days to kill pathogens. Then air-dry it for a few days so the chemicals in the soil dissipate, and then fill it into nutrient pots or seedbeds. Sow 1-2 seeds per pot and cover with soil. In the seedbed, sow 1-2 hyacinth bean seeds at a row spacing and plant spacing of 8 cm square, water, and cover with shed film.
Transplanting density: When the seedling age reaches 15-20 days, they can be planted in the field. For 2 rows per ridge, the plant spacing is 40 cm; for single-row planting, the plant spacing is 35 cm.
Trellising and pruning: When the main vine grows to 35 cm, set up the trellis in time and guide the vines. Generally, a ""-shaped trellis is used. When the main vine grows to about 1 m, pinch the growing tip once in time to promote lower flower clusters and help increase early yield. When the side vines grow to more than 1 m, pinch the growing tips again.
Water and fertilizer management: During drought in spring hyacinth bean cultivation, promptly run water through the furrows, aiming to soak thoroughly, but there should be no standing water. After heavy rain, drain promptly to prevent waterlogging from damaging the roots. Spring hyacinth beans have a long pod-setting period and high yield, requiring sufficient nutrients. On the basis of sufficient base fertilizer, 1-2 topdressings can be applied according to growth conditions. After flowering, spray foliar fertilizer once every 7 days, for 2-3 consecutive sprays. Boron fertilizer can increase the pod-setting rate of hyacinth beans, and molybdenum can enhance the nitrogen-fixing effect of rhizobia. A 0.1% borax aqueous solution can be used for foliar spraying, and a 0.05% ammonium molybdate aqueous solution can be used for foliar spraying, generally 2-3 times, with an interval of 7-10 days each time.
Harvesting: Spring hyacinth beans grow relatively quickly. Generally, it takes 18 to 20 days from flowering to fresh pod maturity. After the fresh pods mature, they should be harvested promptly, once every 2 to 3 days.
Hyacinth beans are most averse to continuous cropping. Continuous cropping of hyacinth beans not only causes severe pests and diseases in that year, reducing hyacinth bean yield or even resulting in no harvest, but more seriously, after the hyacinth beans are harvested, a large amount of pest and disease sources remain in the field, increasing the base of pest and disease sources for the next year. Generally, rotation with non-legume crops is needed for 2 to 3 years.
Pest and disease control: Spring hyacinth beans have very few diseases. Alternating control can be done twice with 1.5% Junlimei 500-800 times solution, or carbendazim 500 times solution plus 70% ultra-micro mancozeb 500-1000 times solution, or ShuangKang 600-800 times solution, or Fusheng 800 times solution. The main pests include bean pod borer, diamondback moth, cotton bollworm, etc. Spray control can be done with Caimaomu or Kanglü Gongchen 1000 times solution, or 5% Yitaibao emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times solution, or Duxiezi 2000 times solution, or Beifa 1000 times solution. The main spraying target is the flower clusters, with an interval of 7 days, for 2 consecutive sprays.