The Secrets of Edible Mushrooms: These Facts You Should Not Miss
Edible mushrooms are a class of higher fungi with large fruiting bodies, known as mushrooms, fungi, and mushrooms; there are about 10,000 fleshy mushroom species worldwide, and China has no fewer than 850 known species of edible mushrooms (including shiitake, oyster mushroom, enoki mushroom, button mushroom, and elm mushroom).
Among these, about 150 species are the most famous, more than 60 species of edible mushrooms can be cultivated artificially, and about 20 species are produced on a certain scale.
Edible mushrooms are like a precious diamond buried in the soil. As scientists study them in depth, people have gradually lifted their mysterious veil and once again rediscovered their value.
Thus, tapping their value to adorn people's high-quality life has become the beginning of realizing that azure dream in people's minds.
Scientists have found through research that the fruiting bodies of many mushrooms contain large amounts of various substances that are nutritious, health-promoting, therapeutic, and anti-cancer for the human body.
In recent years, scientists have developed many valuable new drugs from edible and medicinal fungi, among which components such as edible mushroom polysaccharides have broad development prospects.
Efficacy and Effects of Individual Components of Edible Mushrooms
★Fungal Polysaccharides★
They are a class of polysaccharides different from starch and cellulose, mainly characterized by monosaccharides linked to each other in the B form, composed of three monosaccharide chains, and presenting a helical three-dimensional structure.
Fungal polysaccharides are mostly composed of several to several hundred monosaccharides, and some are composed of a single glucose or several kinds of monosaccharides; they have extensive pharmacological activity.
They can improve the body's immunity, enhance the body's ability to tolerate hypoxia, scavenge free radicals, resist radiation, and improve the functions of the liver, bone marrow, blood, and DNA and RNA synthesis of proteins, as well as anti-tumor and anti-aging functions.
★Adenosine★
It is a substance with strong activity whose basic structure consists of nucleoside and purine. Adenosine and adenosine derivatives can inhibit dehydrogenase activity, thereby preventing excessive platelet aggregation.
They have a good blood clotting-reducing effect, thereby improving blood circulation and preventing thrombotic diseases (such as cerebral thrombosis and myocardial infarction), diabetes, muscle weakness, and protecting internal organs.
Adenosine can also improve hemoglobin's oxygen-carrying capacity, and thus can treat various diseases caused by insufficient oxygen supply to the heart, brain, and other tissues. Because platelet aggregation and active substances such as 5-hydroxytryptamine released after platelet activation all participate in the formation of arteriosclerotic plaques, adenosine helps reduce the development of arteriosclerotic diseases.
★Triterpenoids★
They have pain-relieving, sedative, histamine release-inhibiting, antispasmodic, liver-protecting and detoxifying effects, and can kill tumor cells.
★Fungal Cellulose★
It has the function of lowering cholesterol and defending against arteriosclerosis, and has therapeutic effects on constipation, diabetes, high blood pressure, and cerebral thrombosis.
★Armillaria mellea★
Armillaria mellea has good medicinal efficacy; nearly 20 substances including the active components AMG-1, uracil, uridine, mannitol, and vitamin A have now been isolated, among which adenosine derivatives have strong pharmacological activity.
They show meaningful protective effects on ischemic tissue lesions; their ability to calm the nerves and inhibit excessive central nervous excitation is more pronounced than that of adenosine. The adenosine derivative AMG-1 also has a strong blood clotting-reducing effect, promotes the dissolution of blood lipid clots, and can reduce blood flow resistance, benefiting blood circulation and improving blood oxygen-carrying capacity.
Armillaria mellea polysaccharides can improve antibody immunity, resist tumors, inhibit tumor growth and reproduction, and enhance the body's disease resistance.
★Shiitake Adenine★
It can lower cholesterol, prevent cirrhosis, and has good therapeutic effects on high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, and diabetes.
Experiments have proven that nucleic acid substances in shiitake can inhibit the increase of cholesterol in serum and liver, have the effect of preventing vascular sclerosis and lowering blood pressure, and also have a certain auxiliary therapeutic effect on acute and chronic nephritis, urinary protein, and diabetes.
★Flavonoids★
They improve myocardial ischemia and arrhythmia in the cardiovascular system; their effect is to inhibit and influence cells' permeability to K+, Na+, and Ca2+, thereby reducing myocardial excitability to prevent arrhythmia and improving blood circulation in the coronary arteries, cerebral arteries, and peripheral arteries.
Their effect on cerebral blood vessels is: they can increase cerebral blood flow and reduce cerebrovascular resistance, and can improve ischemic cerebrovascular diseases such as cerebral thrombosis and sequelae of stroke.
Their effect on blood is: they can lower triglycerides, cholesterol, blood viscosity, and low-density lipoprotein, and can raise high-density lipoprotein. They can also lower blood sugar, scavenge free radicals, improve immunity, prevent cancer, and have a sterilizing effect.
★Oleanolic Acid, Taurine★
They enhance immune system function, increase the weight of glands such as the thymus and spleen, inhibit allergic reactions, and delay aging.
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