Balloon flower seed planting methods and pest and disease control
Balloon flower is a flower that many people like, and this flower also gives people a feeling of faint sorrow. Anyone who has watched Inuyasha knows it. What are the methods for planting balloon flower seeds? How to do a good job in pest and disease control:
Balloon flower seed planting methods:
1. Seed propagation (growth period 2 years)
Direct sowing is generally used in production. Balloon flower seeds are tiny, with a 1000-seed weight of about 1.5 g and a germination rate of about 85%. At a temperature of 18-25°C with sufficient humidity, seedlings emerge 10-15 days after sowing.
Winter sowing or spring sowing: winter sowing is from November to January of the following year, and spring sowing is from March to April.
Winter sowing is preferable, and broadcast sowing is generally used. When sowing, mix the seeds evenly with moist fine sand and soil (ratio: 1 pot of soil mixed with 0.3 kg of seeds) and scatter them on the seedbed surface, then lightly sweep once with a broom until the seeds are no longer visible, and press lightly. In the following spring, seedlings emerge early and evenly. For spring sowing, to make seedlings emerge evenly, seed treatment must be carried out, or the seeds should be covered with grass after sowing to retain moisture (treatment method: place the seeds in 30°C warm water and soak for 8 hours, remove them, wrap them in a wet cloth, place them in a 25-30°C location, cover them with a wet hemp cloth, and carry out germination promotion, rinsing with warm water once a day. After about 5 days, when the seeds begin to sprout, they can be sown).
The sowing method is the same as for winter sowing. Keep the soil moist for a long time, and seedlings generally emerge in about 15 days. The seed rate per mu is 3-4 kg.
2. Seedling raising and transplanting: growth period 1 year
Balloon flower seedling raising and transplanting can generally be done from April to June. If too early, the quality of the seedlings is affected because the balloon flower seedlings are small; if too late, transplanting is affected because the seedlings are large.
Specific method:
Choose land that is neither on a high slope nor in a low-lying area. It is best to choose an environment with good drainage. Deeply plow more than 30 cm, prepare the soil pit well so that sprinkler irrigation water can be used during drought, then mix the balloon flower seeds with fine soil and sow them evenly, press lightly on top, cover with weeds, and keep the soil moist. Seedlings generally emerge in 10-12 days. After the seedlings have emerged completely, remove the covering on a rainy day to facilitate seedling growth.
3. Transplanting:
Growth period 1 year. Carry out from autumn and winter of the same year to before sprouting in the following spring. Select 1-year-old straight balloon flower seedlings, grade them by size, and plant them separately. When planting, on the prepared planting ground, open furrows 25 cm deep at a row spacing of 19 cm, then insert the balloon flower seedlings diagonally into the furrows at a 75° angle, at a plant spacing of 6-8 cm, cover with soil and press firmly. The soil cover should be about 3 cm above the seedling head.
(1) Cultivation and weeding, thinning seedlings. After balloon flower seedlings emerge, carry out weeding
When the seedlings have 4 leaves, thin out weak seedlings. When they have 6-8 leaves, set the final spacing at a plant spacing of 1-2 cun, and carry out shallow loosening of the soil when dry and wet conditions are suitable. Keep the soil loose and free of weeds in the field at all times.
(2) Drainage
Balloon flower planting density is high, and it is afraid of water accumulation. Therefore, during the hot and humid plum rain season, ditches should be dredged in time for drainage to prevent root rot caused by water accumulation.
(3) Flower removal
The flowering period of balloon flower lasts as long as 4 months. Flowering consumes a considerable amount of nutrients and also easily sprouts side branches. Therefore, flower removal is an important measure to increase balloon flower yield.
Balloon flower pest and disease control methods:
1. Root rot
It harms the roots. Black-brown spots appear on the affected roots, and in the later stage they rot until the whole plant dies.
Control methods:
(1) Irrigate the diseased area with 1000-fold carbendazim solution.
(2) Pay attention to drainage after rain. The field should not be too wet.
2. Powdery mildew
It mainly harms the leaves. When the disease occurs, the diseased leaves are covered with gray powder, and in severe cases the whole plant withers.
Control methods: at the initial stage of the disease, spray with 0.3 degree Baume lime sulfur mixture or 500-fold powder mildew net, or spray with 1800-fold 20% triadimefon powder.
Other notes:
If other pests are found during the balloon flower growth period, control them by conventional methods, but pesticide use is prohibited 20 days before harvest.
Other names of balloon flower:
Balloon flower is also known as monk's cap and bundle flower. It is native to China. It is a perennial herbaceous plant with persistent roots in the Campanulaceae family, genus Platycodon. There are many varieties, including pure white, red-purple, and striped ones, as well as semi-double, large-flowered, and early-flowering types. Among them, the white-flowered type also has a delicate fragrance, and the Korean ethnic group likes to eat it as a wild vegetable.
That is all for the introduction to balloon flower seed planting methods. Hurry up and plant them. During the cultivation process, be sure to pay attention to changes in the balloon flower and promptly prevent and control pests and diseases.
What are the planting methods and precautions for balloon flower?
Balloon flower is a herbaceous plant. Its flower color is relatively bright and beautiful, and the flowers are lobed triangular or narrowly triangular. Balloon flower also has medicinal value, so many people plant it. Balloon flower planting is also relatively simple. Today, the editor will share with you how to fertilize balloon flower and what fertilizer to apply.
How to grow balloon flower:
Balloon flower grows well in humus soil or sandy soil with deep soil layers, loose fertility, and good drainage. Direct sowing is generally used in production. Balloon flower seeds are tiny. At a temperature of 18-25°C with sufficient humidity, seedlings emerge 10-15 days after sowing.
Precautions for growing balloon flower:
1. Balloon flower likes cool and humid conditions, likes light, and is cold-resistant, so note that when watering balloon flower, do not use a rushing stream of water. Balloon flower is afraid of water accumulation, and water accumulation in the soil easily causes root rot.
2. Balloon flower likes fertile land, so during the growth process, pay attention to fertilizing the balloon flower.
3. When growing balloon flower, pay special attention to pest and disease control, so as to avoid pests and diseases harming the growth of balloon flower.
That is all for sharing the cultivation methods and precautions for balloon flower with everyone. I believe everyone has gained a certain understanding. I hope this article is helpful to everyone. Good luck to everyone.
Field management and pest and disease control for balloon flower planting
1 Planting technology1.1 Land selection and soil preparation Balloon flower is a deep-rooted plant, so it is best to choose humus soil or sandy soil with deep soil layers, loose fertility, and good drainage. After selecting the land, apply 2500 kg of compost per 667 sq m, add 20 kg of superphosphate, spread them into the land, deep plow more than 30 cm, and level and harrow finely.
1.2 Timely sowing Balloon flower is mainly propagated by seeds. Spring sowing, autumn sowing, or winter sowing are all acceptable, with 2 kg of seeds per 667 sq m. Seedling raising and transplanting can also be used. Because direct sowing has a higher yield than transplanting, and the roots are straight with few branches, making scraping and processing easier and the quality good, it is mostly used in production. Note that when propagating by seed, newly produced seeds of the current year must be used. New seeds germinate quickly and have a high germination rate, and the seedlings grow evenly and robustly, which is conducive to management. Old seeds stored for a year have a low germination rate or may even fail to germinate. To improve the seed germination rate, the seeds can be treated first. Before sowing, soak the seeds in warm water for 12 hours, mix them evenly with an appropriate amount of wet sand, pile them for a few days, and then sow, which can significantly improve the germination rate. Use the drill sowing method. On the prepared seedbed surface, open furrows at a row spacing of 18-21 cm and about 2 cm deep. After sowing, cover with 1 cm of soil. Or use the relatively advanced wide-band drill sowing method, that is, the width of the opened furrow is 10 cm, the row spacing is unchanged, and soil is covered after sowing. The wide-band drill sowing method has many advantages, such as simple management and good finished product quality. With suitable temperature, seedlings can emerge in about 15 days.
2 Field management
2.1 Reasonable dense planting Row spacing 17-20 cm, plant spacing 3-5 cm. If too dense, plants grow thin and weak and are prone to pest and disease damage. If too sparse, yield is low. When using the wide-band drill sowing method, thin seedlings appropriately; it is enough that the seedlings are not crowded, and there is no need to remove too many seedlings. Appropriate dense planting is the key to increasing yield.
2.2 Cultivation and weeding Balloon flower grows slowly in the early stage and is prone to breeding weeds, so they should be pulled out in time to prevent spreading and causing weed infestation. Water the planting site thoroughly first, and as soon as the dry and wet conditions are suitable, immediately loosen the soil shallowly once, so as to avoid the ground cracking and letting air through, which causes seedling death. Cultivation should be carried out when soil dryness and moisture are moderate. After the plants grow and close the rows, there is no need to carry out cultivation and weeding again.
2.3 Topdressing During the seedling stage, apply thin human feces and urine 1-2 times to promote seedling growth. At the end of June, apply fertilizer for the flowering period, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, to prevent excessive nutrient consumption from flowering and fruiting from affecting growth. After entering winter, apply a heavy overwintering fertilizer, and carry out earthing up together with fertilization. In the following spring, when the plants are about 1 m tall, appropriately control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as a supplement, so that the stems grow thick and strong, which can prevent or reduce lodging.
2.4 Flower and fruit thinning Balloon flower has a relatively long flowering period, which consumes a large amount of nutrients and affects root growth. Except for seed-production fields, flower and fruit thinning can improve root yield and quality. In production, flower buds can be removed manually, such as cutting off flower buds with a sickle. Or paclobutrazol can be sprayed at the full flowering stage to prevent flowering.
2.5 Drainage Balloon flower planting density is high. During high temperature and humidity in summer, ditches should be dredged in time for drainage to prevent root rot caused by water accumulation and resulting in reduced yield.
3. Main pests and diseases
3.1 Root rot
3.1.1 Symptoms It is a root disease caused by Fusarium, a fungus in the class Deuteromycetes. The disease period is June-August. In the initial stage, part of the root becomes yellow-brown and rots, then gradually expands. When the disease is severe, the aboveground part withers and dies
3.1.2 Control methods A. Pay attention to crop rotation, drain accumulated water in time, and when planting in low-lying land or areas with much rain, make high beds. B. When preparing soil, apply more base fertilizer to improve the soil and enhance plant disease resistance. Apply 50-100 kg of lime powder per 667 sq m to reduce damage, or use 5 kg of carbendazim per 667 sq m for soil disinfection. When the disease occurs, 1000-fold 50% thiophanate-methyl solution can be poured for control. C. Pull out diseased plants in time.
3.2 Violet root rot
3.2.1 Symptoms It is a disease caused by a basidiomycete fungus. It harms the roots, starting with the fibrous roots and then extending to the main root. The diseased part is initially yellow-white, and white mycelial strands can be seen, then it turns purple-brown. The diseased root rots from the outside inward, and the outer mycelial strands interweave into a mycelial membrane. When it ruptures, a foul residue flows out. The aboveground diseased plants gradually turn yellow and wither from bottom to top, and finally die.
3.2.2 Control methods The methods are the same as for root rot.
4. Harvesting and processing
4.1 Harvesting Because balloon flower planting varies by region and sowing period, the harvest year also differs. Generally, it is harvested in the same year or the second year. In Northeast China it can be slightly earlier. The harvest period can be from late September to mid-October in autumn or before balloon flower sprouting in the following spring. Those harvested in autumn are heavier and more solid, with better quality. Generally, dig them up when the aboveground stems and leaves wither. If harvested too early, the roots are not yet filled out, the drying ratio is low, and yield is affected; if harvested too late, the skin is not easy to peel. When digging, prevent breaking the main root.
4.2 Processing After the fresh roots are dug out, remove the soil and reed heads, scrape off the cork layer with a bamboo knife, wooden edge, porcelain piece, etc., wash clean, and sun-dry or oven-dry. The skin must be scraped clean while fresh; if too much time passes, the root skin becomes difficult to scrape. After scraping the skin, it should be dried in time. If too many balloon flower roots are harvested to process all at once, they can be buried in sand to prevent the outer skin from drying and shrinking, which makes peeling easier. The drying ratio is 30%.
The quality of balloon flower is best when the roots are plump, white or slightly yellowish, solid, and have chrysanthemum-like patterns. .