Reasons for Yellowing Leaf Cores in Cymbidium and How to Fix It
Many people grow Cymbidium, but some develop yellowing leaf cores. What causes yellowing leaf cores in Cymbidium? What should you do? 1. Yellowing caused by poor light. Cymbidium is a plant that likes sunlight, but it cannot tolerate strong light exposure. Generally, diffused light is best, and weak light is also unsuitable.
Many people grow Cymbidium, but some develop yellowing leaf cores. What causes yellowing leaf cores in Cymbidium? What should you do?
1. Yellowing caused by poor light
Cymbidium is a plant that likes sunlight, but it cannot tolerate strong light exposure. Generally, diffused light is best, and weak light is also unsuitable. It can cause poor growth and symptoms such as yellowing leaves. If growing it indoors, try to ensure the placement meets the needs of Cymbidium: it should not receive strong light, and it must still be provided with enough diffused light.
2. Yellowing caused by improper watering
Although Cymbidium likes a moist and warm environment, if there is too much water in the potting soil, its roots will rot and the leaves will turn yellow. When watering Cymbidium, be sure to use clean water close to the water temperature, and adjust the number of days between waterings according to actual conditions. When watering, also be careful to pour slowly and gently, not in a sudden rush.
3. Yellowing caused by over-fertilizing
Cymbidium is not suitable for fertilizing with liquid fertilizer, otherwise its flowering period will be shortened. Improper fertilizer use can cause fertilizer burn, and the best time to fertilize is after its flowering period.
4. Yellowing caused by low temperatures
Cymbidium is relatively cold-tolerant, but it cannot grow normally when the temperature is too low, otherwise its leaves and flowers will both be damaged. The main sign on the leaves is yellowing and withering. For this type of damage, you can only cut off the affected leaves, control the temperature well, and adjust care slowly; generally it will not be fatal.
5. Unsuitable environment
Cymbidium likes humid air, but if the humidity is too low and the temperature is also on the high side, leaf yellowing is very likely to occur. However, when grown indoors with direct air conditioning or near heating, the leaf edges also very easily become scorched and yellow. Usually, you can mist its leaves several times a day to increase the humidity of the micro-environment, but it should not be too humid, and yellowed leaves should be cut off promptly.
Okay, that is the introduction to the reasons for yellowing leaf cores in Cymbidium. I hope everyone understands now.
Cymbidium faberi Rolfe Cymbidium faberi guide: how to grow Cymbidium faberi / how to propagate Cymbidium faberi
Cymbidium faberi profileCymbidium faberi Rolfe
Cymbidium faberi cultivation methods and precautions; introduction to Cymbidium faberi
Cymbidium faberi (scientific name: Cymbidium faberi) is a terrestrial herbaceous plant in the orchid family, genus Cymbidium. The roots are relatively thick and short, slightly thicker at the base than at the front end of the root, and unbranched. The pseudobulbs are not obvious, clustered into clumps, and oval-shaped. The flowers are often pale yellow-green, with dark purplish-red veins and spots; the flowers are usually strongly fragrant. One stem has many flowers, often 6-12, fragrant. Cymbidium faberi is native to China and is one of the orchids cultivated longest and most widely in our country. In ancient times it was often called "hui"; "hui" refers to the center of Chinese orchids, the "hui heart," and is often paired with the umbellifer Angelica dahurica under the combined name "huizhi." Cymbidium faberi is a rare species in our country and a national second-class key protected wild species. Cymbidium faberi was originally distributed across the vast areas south of the Qinling Mountains, north of the Nanling Mountains, and in the southwest. It is one of the relatively cold-tolerant orchid varieties.
Morphological characteristics of Cymbidium faberi
Cymbidium faberi Rolfe in Kew Bull. 198. 1896; Illustrated Handbook of Higher Plants of China 5: 745. Fig. 8320. 1976; Flora of Qinling 1: 432. Fig. 421. 1976; Orchids of Taiwan 2: 109-110 (Fig.). 1977: Flora of Taiwan 5: 942. 1978; Y. S. Wu et S. C. Chen in Acta Phytotax Sin. 18 (3): 299. fig. 2 (9). 1980; Du Puy et Cribb, Genus Cymbidium 177. Phot. 130. fig. 30 (2). 1988; Flora of Anhui 5: 544. Fig. 308. 1992; Flora of Zhejiang 7: 524. Fig. 7-700-1993; Chinese Orchids (2nd ed.) 42. 1993; Vascular Plants of the Hengduan Mountains 2: 2600. 1994; Flora of Fujian 6: 616. Fig. 538. 1995; Complete Book of Chinese Orchids 93. Fig. 5-20. 1998. --Cymbidium scabroserrulatum Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 16: 154. 1902. --Cymbidium oiwakensis Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 6: 80. fig. 14. 1916. --Cymbidium crinum Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 12: 350. 1922. --Cymbidium fukienense T. K. Yen, Icon. Cymbid. Amoyens. A. 1. figs. 1964. --Cymbidium faberi Rolfe f. viridiflorum S. S. Ying in Mem. Coll. Agric. Nat. Taiwan Univ. 30 (1): 41. 1990. Terrestrial herb; pseudobulbs not obvious. Leaves 5-8, strap-shaped, strongly erect, 25-80 cm long, (4-)7-12 mm wide, base often folded into a v shape, veins translucent, margins often coarsely serrate. Enclosed by several long sheaths; raceme with 5-11 or more flowers; floral bracts linear-lanceolate, the lowest one longer than the ovary; capsule nearly narrowly elliptical, 5-5.5 cm long, about 2 cm wide. Flowering period March-May. Produced in southern Shaanxi, southern Gansu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, southern Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and eastern Xizang. Grows in moist but well-drained translucent places, at elevations of 700-3000 m. Also distributed in Nepal and northern India. The type specimen was collected from Zhejiang, China.StemTerrestrial herb; pseudobulbs not obvious.LeavesLeaves 5-8, strap-shaped, strongly erect, 25-80 cm long, (4-)7-12 mm wide, base often folded into a v shape, veins translucent, margins often coarsely serrate. [1]FlowersEnclosed by many [sheaths]; Cymbidium faberi, the center of Chinese orchids
long sheaths; raceme with 5-11 or more flowers; floral bracts linear-lanceolate, the lowest one [2] longer than the ovary, the middle and upper ones 1-2 cm long, about 1/2 the length of the pedicel and ovary, at least more than 1/3; pedicel and ovary 2-2.6 cm long; flowers often pale yellow-green, lip with purplish-red spots, fragrant; sepals nearly lanceolate-oblong or narrowly obovate, 2.5-3.5 cm long, 6-8 mm wide; petals similar to sepals, often slightly shorter and wider; lip oblong-ovate, 2-2.5 cm long, 3-lobed; lateral lobes erect, with small papillae or fine hairs; mid-lobe longer, strongly recurved, with obvious, shiny papillae, margins often wrinkled and wavy; 2 longitudinal callus ridges on the lip disc extend from above the base to the base of the mid-lobe, the upper ends inclined inward and meeting, more or less forming a short tube; column 1.2-1.6 cm long, slightly curved forward, with narrow wings on both sides; pollinia 4, in 2 pairs, broadly ovate. [1]FruitCapsule nearly narrowly elliptical, 5-5.5 cm long, about 2 cm wide. [1]Flowering periodFlowering period March-May. [3-4]
Cultivation technical characteristics of Cymbidium faberiCymbidium is native to southwestern China. It likes warm winters and cool summers, and likes high humidity and strong light. The suitable growth temperature is 10°C to 25°C. The nighttime temperature is best around 10°C, especially during the flowering period. Maintaining the temperature above 5°C and below 15°C can extend the flowering period to 4 to 5 months. Depending on the variety, the flowering period can run from October to April of the following year. Factory cultivation takes 3 years from tissue-cultured plantlet to flowering. Cymbidium has mother bulbs, daughter bulbs, and granddaughter bulbs; among them, granddaughter bulbs grow fastest. [6] Cymbidium likes strong light and can tolerate strong light of 50,000 to 70,000 lux. Cymbidium is native to the tropical and subtropical plateaus of Asia. It likes cool and highly humid environments. The suitable growth temperature is 10-25°C. In winter it should be kept in a low-temperature greenhouse. When the nighttime temperature is around 10°C, it grows well and the flower stems elongate normally, mostly flowering in February-March. When the winter temperature is below 5°C, the leaves turn slightly yellow and the flowering period is delayed, and the flower stems are short. However, when the overwintering temperature is around 15°C, although the plant leaves remain green and glossy, the flower stems suddenly elongate, flowering is advanced to January-February, and the flower stems are soft and cannot stand upright, so they must be supported with stakes.Cultivation cycleCymbidium faberi usually takes 3 to 4 years from tissue-cultured plantlet out of the flask to flowering. Its growth cycle standards are as follows: after the tissue-cultured plantlets are taken out of the flask, place them in 50-cell or 66-cell plug trays, with sphagnum moss as the substrate, and grow for 2 months. 8×8 black nutrient pots, with bark as the substrate, grow for 5 months. 12×12 black nutrient pots, with bark as the substrate and stones at the bottom, grow for 7 months. 15×18 black nutrient pots, with bark as the substrate and stones at the bottom, grow for 5 to 7 months. 18×22 hard plastic pots, with bark as the substrate and stones at the bottom, grow for 12 to 15 months. Wild-collected Cymbidium faberi
Distribution area of Cymbidium faberi
Produced in southern Shaanxi, southern Gansu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, southern Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and eastern Xizang. Grows in moist but well-drained translucent places, at elevations of 700-3000 m. Also distributed in Nepal and northern India. The type specimen was collected from Zhejiang, China. [1]
Propagation methods of Cymbidium faberi
Cultivation conditions for Cymbidium faberi
3. Air humidity: It very much likes humidity, but pay attention to ventilation, otherwise it is prone to anthracnose. Humidity for small plantlets should be 80% to 90%, and humidity for medium and large plantlets should be 60% to 85%.
Cultivation techniques for Cymbidium faberi
1. Medium: In 50-cell plug trays, use sphagnum moss, which must be soaked for 2 to 4 hours in 800 to 1000 times diluted thiophanate-methyl, thiophanate-methyl plus sulfur, or carbendazim. Old sphagnum moss can also be used after being sun-dried for 1 to 2 noons and then soaked in the medicine. Tissue-cultured rooted plantlets: exercise them in the flask in the greenhouse for 1 to 3 days; in summer they must be placed in a cool place for hardening. Before wrapping the plantlets, take the plantlets out of the tissue culture flask, remove the culture medium, wash clean with clear water, then rinse in 800 times diluted carbendazim solution, and divide the plantlets into three grades: large, medium, and small, before wrapping. Use 50-cell plug trays. Half a month after being placed in the plug trays, foliar fertilizer can be sprayed, with an EC value of 0.8 to 0.9. Within 15 days after being placed in the plug trays, frequent misting is needed, and water should be replenished often. Foliar fertilizer with NPK 20:20:20 is sufficient. Tissue-cultured plantlets reach the medium plantlet standard after one year of growth. During this year, a single bud (also called the mother bulb) must be maintained. After 2 to 3 months of plug tray cultivation, they can be put into 8×8 nutrient pots. At this time, fine bark can be used as the substrate. Bark application standards: use 2 to 5 mm bark for seedlings, 5 to 10 mm bark for medium plantlets, and 8 to 18 mm bark for large plantlets. Be sure to buy bark with low salt content. If the bark contains a lot of salt, it will cause many symptoms in Cymbidium: yellowing gradually upward from the leaf tips, mainly a manifestation of sodium chloride, although overly concentrated fertilizer causes the same symptoms.
2. Bud thinning: In 8×8 and 12×12 nutrient pots, keep only spring buds and do not keep autumn buds (September to December is the best time for bud thinning). Use pruning shears for bud thinning. Thin to 2 daughter bulbs per pot; symmetrical retention gives the best effect. Bud thinning is most suitable when the buds grow to 5 cm. Lateral buds have no roots before they are 15 cm long, and begin to root after 15 cm. Different varieties use different bud retention methods.
3. Adult plants: In 15 cm × 18 cm and 18 cm × 22 cm nutrient pots, plants at this stage are given 15 g of organic fertilizer per pot per month. As the plants grow larger, apply 18 to 20 g per pot per month. After 12 months from repotting, apply only bone meal, and continue thinning buds before October. From November to January, the number of flowering bulbs must be determined. For large-flowered types: 1 central stem and 2 flowering stems can be cultivated; for medium-flowered types: 2 central stems and 3 flowering stems can be cultivated.
4. Flowering plant cultivation: (third year) From January to June, the nighttime temperature is 15°C to 20°C and the daytime temperature is 23°C to 25°C, with nitrogen as the main nutrient and potassium as secondary. From June to October, the nighttime temperature is 10°C to 15°C and the daytime temperature is 20°C to 25°C; after November, the nighttime temperature is 10°C to 15°C and the daytime temperature is 20°C. From February to April, apply 10 g of organic fertilizer per pot per month (bean cake: bone meal 2:1). After April, apply 14 g of organic fertilizer per pot each time. From June to October, increase the temperature difference and mainly apply bone meal, about 15 g per pot. Once flower buds appear, stop organic fertilizer immediately. After November, flower spikes form. After the flower stems are determined, remove all newly occurring buds. For most varieties, flower buds can be seen from September to the end of October. If too much nitrogen fertilizer causes leaf buds to grow, they should be broken off. Use plastic-coated wire with a diameter of 5 mm as stakes for the flower stems, and set them upright when the flower buds grow to 15 cm. Tie the flower stems at the lowest point at 10 cm, with intervals of 6 to 8 cm. Generally choose plastic-coated wire 80 cm and 100 cm long and 0.45 cm thick.
5. Flowering period regulation techniques:
(1) Temperature: From June to October, daytime 20°C to 25°C, nighttime 10°C to 15°C. High temperatures are not conducive to flower bud differentiation, but short periods of high temperature are acceptable; there must be a large day-night temperature difference.
(3) Water control: Proper water control during flower bud development can promote flower bud differentiation and inflorescence formation.
(4) C/N ratio: Remove buds year-round and increase the proportion of P and K.
(5) Selective fertilization: From January to June, use a balanced N, P, K fertilizer; from June to October, increase the proportion of P and K.
(6) Flowers of Cymbidium faberi: Insufficient nutrients during the flowering period, high temperatures, or a temperature difference greater than 10°C can easily cause flower and bud drop. Dark-colored flowers like strong light, and under weak light they easily show drooping leaves.
Open-air cultivation is sufficient, requiring only one layer of shade net. Under high temperatures, Cymbidium faberi has a large water requirement, so there must be an adequate water source. [1]Propagation methodsUsually propagated by division. Division is mostly done after the plant flowers and before the new buds have grown large, during this short dormant period. Before division, the plant should be properly dried, and the operation should be done when the roots are slightly white and soft. Vigorous plants are usually divided once every 2-3 years. After division, each clump of orchid plants should carry 2-3 pseudobulbs, 1 of which must have been newly formed the previous year. To avoid wound infection, sulfur powder or charcoal powder can be applied. Leave in a dry place for 1-2 days, then pot separately to form new plants. After division and planting, place in semi shade and do not water immediately. If it becomes too dry, spray a small amount of water on the leaves and pot surface to prevent the leaves from drying out, falling off, and the pseudobulbs from severely shrinking. Water only after new roots grow from the base of the new buds. [7] Cymbidium can use 2 parts fern root, 1 part charcoal moss, or bark chunks 1.5-2 cm in diameter as potting substrate, and some granular materials such as crushed brick and charcoal can also be added. Flower pots should be tall pots with a diameter of 15-20 cm, with 2-4 plantlets per pot. Cymbidium likes relatively high air humidity. In spring, summer, and autumn, while giving the roots sufficient water, the leaves should also be misted frequently. However, after flowering in early spring, during the short dormant period of Cymbidium, watering must be reduced, and more water can be given only when the new buds grow larger new roots. Cymbidium plants are large and grow luxuriantly, and require noticeably more fertilizer than ordinary Chinese orchids, so fertilization should be strengthened during the growing season. Generally, fermented bean cake fertilizer etc. can be mixed with 1/3 clay, then water added to make balls about 2 cm in diameter, and dried in the sun for later use. Place them on the pot surface in spring, at a certain distance from the new buds, and the fertilizer can slowly release nutrients for the orchid to grow. They can be applied twice a year, several pellets per pot. Fermented liquid farmyard manure can also be applied once every 1-2 weeks. A sprayer can also be used to spray a 1:1:1 nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer on the leaves and pot surface, with a concentration of 3-5%, 1-2 times per week. Stop fertilizing in late autumn. Cymbidium has stronger disease and pest resistance than ordinary Chinese orchids, but it is still affected to varying degrees by various diseases during growth. Therefore, strengthening prevention is an important measure for growing foreign orchids well. Generally, every 10 days, alternately spray both sides of the orchid leaves with 1000 times diluted "chlorothalonil" or "carbendazim."Fertilizer and water management(1) Fertilization: During the growing period, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 1:1:1; during the flowering promotion period, the ratio is 1:2:2 to 3; the pH of the fertilizer solution is 5.8 to 6.2. Generally speaking, the fertilization concentration for small plantlets is 3500 to 4000 times dilution, and for medium and large plantlets 2000 to 3500 times dilution. In summer, apply 1 to 2 times per day (alternating water and fertilizer); in other seasons, fertilize once every 3 days. Organic fertilizer: From tissue-cultured plantlets out of the flask to before flowering, apply organic fertilizer once a month. During the growing period, the ratio of bean cake: bone meal is 2:1; during the flowering promotion period, apply pure bone meal. Organic fertilizer must not be applied on the roots and must not be higher than the rim of the nutrient pot. If bone meal contains too much salt, rinse it with water before applying. In winter, it is best to stop applying organic fertilizer. Application amounts at different stages are as follows: 50-cell/66-cell: 0.5 g per cell; 8 cm × 8 cm nutrient pot: 1 to 2 g per pot; 12 cm × 12 cm nutrient pot: 7 to 9 g per pot; 15 cm × 18 cm nutrient pot: 12 to 15 g per pot; 18 cm × 22 cm flower pot: 15 to 20 g per pot. Slow-release fertilizer: Slow-release fertilizer is also very widely used on Cymbidium. Usually the N:P:K=13:11:13 type is used, with a effective period of 3 months or 6 months. Slow-release fertilizer begins to release nutrients only 1 month after application, so within this 1 month a fertilizer supply must be ensured. The dosage of slow-release fertilizer is generally 2 to 3 g for small plantlets, 6 g for medium plantlets, and 18 g for large plantlets. (2) Watering: Water once a day in May and September, twice a day in July and August, and once every 2 to 3 days from October to April of the following year. Watering should be done at noon, and the frequency of watering should be adjusted at any time according to plantlet size and weather conditions.Transport and maintenance1. Transport temperature for Cymbidium: keep it above 5°C. If the bracts and leaves turn yellow, frost damage may have occurred. 2. Imported Cymbidium standards: For Cymbidium imported from Japan and South Korea, the general requirements are plant height 60 to 80 cm, 15 to 20 flowers per stem, 3 to 5 flower stems per pot, flowering degree per stem 50% to 80%, and the height difference among flower stems in each pot not exceeding 5 cm. 3. Flowering period maintenance for Cymbidium: The optimum temperature during the flowering period is 8°C to 15°C. It cannot be placed next to high-temperature dry heating. During the flowering period, water once every 3 days. Long exposure to low temperatures of 2°C to 3°C will cause frost damage to the flowers, the buds turn yellow and cannot open, and the ornamental period is 50 to 80 days. Special usesCymbidium has a full plant shape, emerald-green leaves, and beautiful waxy flowers. It is a high-grade daily flower for winter and spring.
Variety classification history of Cymbidium faberi; traditional varietiesTraditional Cymbidium faberi originated in forests as terrestrial plants and in mountain belts. Mountain villagers call them gaolan, dalan, niulan, shanglan, etc. The ancients called one stem with nine flowers "hui." "Hui heart" refers to the united, beautiful, and kind Chinese heart. Cymbidium faberi plants are generally taller, with 5-13 leaves, leaf length about 35-80 cm, leaf width 0.5-1.5 cm, leaf veins thick, numerous, and obvious, leaf margin serrations obvious and relatively coarse, and pseudobulbs not obvious. The peduncle is upright; thick ones are 1 cm in diameter, thin ones are like incense sticks, rising upright to the leaf canopy or above it, generally about 35-80 cm tall. It bears 5-30 flowers. The flower spread diameter is about 3.5-8 cm. Flower color is mostly yellow-green or emerald green, and the lip has green velvety moss, decorated with many purplish-red dots and patches. The flowering period in its place of origin is April to early May, and occasionally it blooms again in autumn. Cymbidium faberi is widely distributed, and there is also distribution north of the Qinling Mountains. Its native habitat is at a higher elevation than Cymbidium goeringii, and it is relatively cold-tolerant, drought-tolerant, and sun-loving.Production area varietiesCymbidium faberi differs slightly in leaf shape and flower quality. By production area, it is divided into: Beijing Cymbidium faberi, Jiangsu-Zhejiang Cymbidium faberi, western Anhui, Hubei Cymbidium faberi, Yunnan Cymbidium faberi, Guizhou-Sichuan inland Cymbidium faberi, southern Shanghai, Guangzhou Cymbidium faberi, etc. Cymbidium faberi is a terrestrial plant originally from forests, with very small or inconspicuous pseudobulbs; leaves 25-80 cm long and 7-12 mm wide. The flower scape is nearly upright or slightly curved, 35-50 cm long, with 5-11 flowers; flower diameter 6 cm, fragrant. Flowering period March-May. Distributed in southern Shaanxi, southern Gansu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Xizang; also in Nepal and India. Grows in moist, open, and well-drained places; at elevations of 700-3000 m. Cymbidium faberi is one of the oldest cultivated types among Chinese orchids, and many excellent varieties have been selected from wild plants. Cymbidium faberi is also the species in this genus with the northernmost distribution in China, and its cold tolerance is relatively strong. Main varieties include: Jipin, Jinaosu, Wenzhousu, Jiepei Mei, Old Shanghai Mei, Cuie, Dayipin, Jiangnan Xinjipin, etc.New technological varietiesCymbidium
Cymbidium, evergreen perennial epiphytic herb. It is the general name for the large-flowered epiphytic species in the orchid family, genus Cymbidium. Pseudobulbs are robust, long elliptical, slightly flattened; bearing 6-8 strap-shaped leaves, 70-110 cm long and 2-3 cm wide. Flower stems nearly upright or slightly curved, 60-90 cm long, with 6-12 or more flowers. Flower scapes range from 40 to 150 cm. Leaf color ranges from light green to dark green. Standard flower stems are 3 to 5 per pot, each bearing 6 to 20 flowers. Among them, green varieties are mostly fragrant. Flowers large, 6-10 cm in diameter. Flower colors include white, yellow, green, purplish-red, or with purplish-brown markings. It is one of the most widely cultivated Chinese orchids and is deeply loved by people around the world. Propagated by division. Likes warm, humid, and semi-shaded environments. Pot with fern root, moss, bark chunks, etc. It requires particularly good aeration and drainage at the root zone. After flower buds form in autumn, it needs a cool period before it can bloom in spring. Winter nighttime temperature around 10°C.Popular varietiesCommonly cultivated ones include: Duzhan, Huangchan Lan, Biyu Lan, Xizang Hutou Lan, and excellent varieties of many hybrids. The original commercial cultivated varieties of Cymbidium mainly came from Japan and South Korea, and many companies in China have also begun research on variety breeding, tissue culture technology, cultivation techniques, etc. The main popular varieties fall into the following categories: Pink series: 'Guifei', 'Fen Menglu', 'Nanqian', 'Menghuan'; Green series: 'Biyu', 'Huanying' (strong fragrance), 'Waltz' (light fragrance), 'Yuchan'; Yellow series: 'Xiyang' (light fragrance), 'Mingyue', 'UFO'; White series: 'Bingchuan' (hanging), 'Liming'.Flower color varietiesCymbidium faberi is traditionally usually divided by the color of the flower stem and sheath into red shell, green shell, red-green shell, white-green shell, etc.; in flower shape, as with Cymbidium goeringii, it is divided into lotus petal, plum petal, and narcissus petal, etc.; flowers without other colors and uniform in color are also called "suxin." Since the emergence of the petal-type theory, appreciation of Cymbidium faberi has paid special attention to the petal type of the flowers, valuing plum petals and narcissus petals most highly, with round, tight, and thick-textured column and lip being considered good, and the outer three petals (sepals) being best when broad, round, and glutinous in texture. Many famous varieties are of these petal types. Lotus petals in Cymbidium faberi are very rare; those resembling lotus petals are also very welcome. Ordinary bamboo-leaf-petal Cymbidium faberi are as numerous as wormwood, and except for a few brightly colored flower types, they receive little praise. There are also Cymbidium faberi butterfly petals and strange-flower types that have appeared, brightly colored and dazzling, especially those with many petals and lips and brilliant colors, which are even more sought after and command very high prices. Suxin types are also much loved. Things are valued for being rare. Because Cymbidium faberi mostly has yellow-green flowers, if red, purple, black, or milky-white-flowered Cymbidium faberi appear, they are also highly regarded, and the more brilliantly colored the better. Those with thick, glutinous, jade-like petal and sepal texture are also often fine varieties. Cymbidium faberi flower branches are thick and large with many flowers, so when appreciating them, attention should also be paid to whether the arrangement of the flowers on the whole branch is well-spaced and graceful, and whether the fragrance is mellow and beautiful. Those with beautiful leaf variation are also fine varieties. Occasionally, those with leaf variation, flower variation, and petal type all present are especially favored.Traditional famous varietiesThe traditional famous varieties of Cymbidium faberi include the Old Eight: Dayipin, Chengmei, Shanghai Mei, Guanding, Yuanzi, Ranzi, Panlu, Dangzi; the traditional New Eight include: Loumei, Cuie, Jipin, Qinghua Mei, Jiangnan Xinjipin, Duanmei, Cuimei, Rongmei. Famous new varieties include: Tianjiao Mudan, Sixi Mudan, Lvyun Mudan, Yuandong Qidie, Luyi Qidie, Loutai Die, Yingdie, Bubugao, Qunying Huicui, Xianhe Jipin, Jianhu Zhimei, Quanzhou Mei, Cuitao Xianshou, Shidie, Lingnan Baihe, Jinling, Cymbidium faberi crystal flower, Zijuan, Yuewang Mei, Juhuasu, Duoyun, Zheding, Duanhui Mei, Duanxiu Mei, Diecui, Chunhui Qianshou Guanyin, and so on.Introduction to famous varieties1. Dayipin: Petal type: green-shell large lotus-form narcissus petal. History: According to "Lanyan Shulue," it was selected by Hu Shaomei of Jiashan, Zhejiang, during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty; according to "Lanhui Tongxin Lu," it was selected by Hu Shaomei in the early Jiaqing period. Characteristics: five petals separate, emerald green color, petals upright and glutinous in texture, large soft silkworm-moth column, large ruyi lip. It is revered as the crown of lotus-form narcissus petals among Cymbidium faberi and is listed first among the traditional Old Eight of Cymbidium faberi. 2. Jiepei Mei: Petal type: red-shell green-flower plum petal. History: selected in the early Republic of China by a person surnamed Zhang in Shanghai. Characteristics: three petals emerald green, tightly edged, short feet, round heads, white jade column heart, large ruyi lip, slender flower scape. When the flower buds first open, the flower shape is slightly small, then gradually opens wider and wider. The flower posture is upright and vigorous, leaves slender and narrow, bow-shaped, propagates quickly, and blooms healthily. 3. Duanhui Mei: Petal type: red-shell green-flower plum petal. History: selected by Zhu Changsheng of Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Characteristics: outer three petals with round heads, tight edges, long feet and contracted base, flat shoulders, semi-hard column, large ruyi lip, upright flower shape, slender flower scape. Leaves half-drooping. 4. Xianlu: Petal type: green-shell plum petal. History: selected in the early Republic of China by an orchid grower in Yixing. Also known as Yixing Mei; because the flower shape closely resembles Old Shanghai Mei, it is also called Later Shanghai Mei. Characteristics: three petals round-headed, narrow and long, separate, sheep-horn hooded column heart, long lip that does not curl. Some people often sell this variety as Old Shanghai Mei. Bracts green. It often produces plum-form narcissus petals. 5. Old Jipin: Petal type: green-shell green-flower plum petal. History: selected in the Xinchou year of the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty by Feng Changjin of Gongcheng Garden in Hangzhou. Characteristics: three petals round-headed, long feet and contracted base, separate, hard hooded column heart (sometimes occasionally split-head closed-back type), dragon-swallowing large lip, flat shoulders. Bracts green. Listed among the New Eight of Cymbidium faberi. 6. Guanding: Petal type: red-shell plum petal. History: selected during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty by the owner of Wanhe Hotel in Huguan, Jiangsu, hence also named Wanhe. Characteristics: five petals short and round, bean-shell column, separate, large round lip, flat shoulders. Leaves broad. One of the Old Eight red Cymbidium faberi. 7. Yuanzi: Petal type: red-shell green-flower plum petal. History: selected during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty by an orchid grower in Huguan. Characteristics: three petals round-headed with long feet, tight edges, green color, separate semi-hard column heart, flat shoulders, zhigui lip, thick and tall flower scape. One of the Old Eight red Cymbidium faberi. 8. Old Ranzi: Petal type: red-shell plum petal. History: selected during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty by a person surnamed Ruan in Jiashan, Zhejiang. Also named Ruanzi. Characteristics: three petals short, narrow, and deep, flat shoulders, separate large Guanyin hooded column heart, large round lip, sometimes flowers open poorly; the tip of the lip is inserted narrowly and not spread, tilted upward or skewed, hence commonly called scale-hook-head Old Ranzi. Flower scape slender. One of the Old Eight of Cymbidium faberi. 9. Cuimei: Petal type: red-to-green-shell plum petal. History: before the War of Resistance, selected by Cui Yiting of Hangzhou. Characteristics: outer three petals round-headed and large, finely contracted base, petal flesh thick and glutinous, semi-hard column heart, separate or split-head closed-back, dragon-swallowing lip. Green color, flat shoulders. Listed among the New Eight, also a famous variety of Cymbidium faberi. 10. Chengmei: Petal type: red-shell plum petal. History: selected during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty by a person surnamed Cheng in Changshu, Jiangsu. Characteristics: three petals tightly edged, short and round, split-head closed-back or separate column, dragon lip, thick and tall flower scape, broad bow-shaped leaves. The first of the Old Eight red Cymbidium faberi. 11. Zheng Xiaohe: Petal type: green-shell lotus petal. History: selected in Zhejiang before the War of Resistance. Characteristics: outer three petals long feet, released corners and contracted base, mussel-shell column, liuhai lip, green color. 12. Qinghua Mei: Petal type: green-shell plum petal. History: selected in 1911 by Che Qing, an orchid farmer in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, and sold to Wu Enyuan of Hangzhou. After six years of cultivation it bloomed again. At that time the Manchu Qing dynasty was being overthrown, and to celebrate, considering that Che Qing discovered this flower at the Huaxing Hotel, the person and place were linked, so it was named Qinghua. Characteristics: three petals short feet round heads, tight edges, thick petals, separate silkworm-moth column heart, large ruyi lip, straight shoulders. Listed among the New Eight of Cymbidium faberi. 13. Old Shanghai Mei: Petal type: green-shell plum petal. History: selected in the early Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty by Li Liangbin. Also called Old Shanghai Mei. Also called Former Shanghai Mei. Characteristics: three petals long feet round heads, semi-closed hard column, small ruyi lip piercing the cheek, emerald green flower color, straight shoulders. After full bloom, the secondary petals occasionally turn backward. Leaves half-drooping. Flower scape slender. Bracts green. Listed among the Old Eight. 14. Jiangnan Xinjipin: Petal type: red-shell plum petal. History: in 1915 brought by Qian Alu of Shaoxing to Yang Ganqing's home in Wuxi. At that time Yang asked Mr. Rong Wenqing to examine the flower buds and determine that a fine flower would certainly appear later, after which Yang Ganqing bought it. Characteristics: flower shape similar to Old Jipin. Three petals round heads contracted base, separate semi-hard hooded slightly closed, dragon-swallowing large lip, flat shoulders, slender flower scape, excellent charm and color. Listed among the New Eight of Cymbidium faberi. 15. Su Shiba: Produced in the Wudang Mountains, purchased by Dai Xianqin, Shen Xinbao, etc. of Shanghai in 1996, and named by Wu Yingxiang upon request. 16. Mingzhou Mei: Also known as "Tianwang Hui." Discovered and selected by Ningbo orchid enthusiast Shen Qingfa in the spring festival of 2000 while visiting friends in the Xianxiang mountainous area, among mixed grass at a mountain farmer's home. The plant is about 45 cm tall, about 1.2-1.5 cm wide, with blunt-tipped leaves in a dew-receiving shape, and a majestic form. The pedicel is pink at the base with green, round and upright, about 4-5 mm thick, about 50 cm tall and well above the foliage. The floret pedicel and inner bract are purplish-red without green coloration, centipede pincer head shape. The flower is large, up to 6 cm in diameter. The outer three petals are short and broad, contracted at the base, tightly edged, with rounded petal tips forming an embracing posture. The straight shoulders also slightly suggest flying. The soft-hard column does not fall apart after long opening, and the lower side of the column petals can hold the lip (root). The lip is shaped like liuhai, protruding but not reflexed, its length not extending beyond the column petals, and the back of the lip has no red patches. The column is small like a matchstick; whether viewed from above or straight on, the column core is still not visible even when the flower fades. This variety generally does not bear many flowers; several rebloomings were all 7-9 flowers, but the overall arrangement is highly methodical, with the spacing between flowers open and evenly divided, and the flower orientation viewable from all sides, enough to be picturesque, with an overall momentum that is majestic yet still dignified.Grading standardsDifferent varieties have different traits, and the grading standards also differ, but overall they all follow the following grading standards: Grade A: plant height 80 to 120 cm, 4 to 5 flower stems, 15 to 20 flowers per stem. Grade B: plant height 60 to 80 cm, 3 to 4 flower stems, 10 to 14 flowers per stem. Grade C: plant height 40 to 50 cm, 1 to 2 flower stems, 6 to 9 flowers per stem. They can also be divided by flower diameter into large-flowered series (flower diameter 8 to 10 cm), medium-flowered series (6 to 8 cm), and small-flowered series (4 to 5 cm).
Cultural background of Cymbidium faberi; hui quality and orchid heartWhat is now called Chinese orchid was called "hui" in ancient times. As Huang Tingjian of the Northern Song Dynasty (1045-1105) described orchids in "Youfang Ting": "One stem with one flower and surplus fragrance is lan; one stem with five or seven flowers and insufficient fragrance is hui." "Hui quality and orchid heart" means that the essence of Cymbidium faberi is the center of Chinese orchids. "Hui" is the center of Chinese orchids, namely: "hui heart," and hui heart is the "Chinese heart." Those who love orchids must love "hui." "Hui" refers to China; "hui" means China's fragrant herb, and "zhi" means the people's fragrant herb. "Huizhi" striving for glory and surpassing all fragrances is called "national fragrance." Chinese Cymbidium faberi is the representative of lan and hui sharing one heart. Chinese orchids: Cymbidium goeringii, Cymbidium ensifolium, Cymbidium kanran, Cymbidium sinense, Phalaenopsis, Clivia, etc. are all collectively called lanhui. The great poet Lu You wrote: "Fragrant orchids moved and taken throughout the central forest, why not plant jade hairpins in the remaining space; moreover beg two clumps of fragrant lilies, an old man of seventy still has a child's heart." Fragrant orchid namely: huizhi moved and taken symbolizes national image and emblem. In modern times, there has been no lack of people who love huizhi. Song Qingling even gave Huang Qixiang orchids sent from abroad. When Song Qingling learned that Huang Qixiang was about to leave the country to take up a post, she said with concern that defeated Germany lacked everything, so she gave Huang Qixiang many things, packed in a large wooden box, for him to take to Germany. After the founding of New China, Huang Qixiang was elected a member of the Standing Committee of the First, Second, and Third National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and Vice Chairman and Secretary-General of the Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party, and had more opportunities to meet Song Qingling. Cymbidium faberi plants have upright, elegant, firm-yet-soft orchid leaves, a gracefully standing posture, and a clear, distant, refreshing fragrance, thus attracting countless orchid lovers.One stem, nine flowersSince ancient times, among the production areas in our country filled with one-flowered orchids and the warm mountain areas of this province producing Shinbigi orchids, the multi-flowered ones have been called one stem nine flowers, abbreviated as nine flowers, and some people habitually write it as "jiuhua." In our country, one-flowered ones are called
Cymbidium (19 photos) lan, and multi-flowered ones are called hui to distinguish them. The ancients called one stem nine flowers hui, also calling them hui flowers rather than Cymbidium faberi. For example, "hui" includes: traditional Chinese Cymbidium faberi as hui; Cymbidium ensifolium blooming in autumn is also sometimes called "autumn hui"; large-flowered Hutou Lan native to southwestern China is also called "Cymbidium" and other hui flowers. Ideal petals such as plum blossom, lotus, and narcissus can be applied to nine flowers. But since ancient times orchid lovers have chosen orchids produced in our country as their selection target, because our country's orchids are not only beautiful in flower color, excellent in fragrance, and good in luster, but also extremely numerous in types. Nine flowers (including suxin and rare types) bloom later than one-flowered ones, so they are also called summer orchids, though not many people know this name. From the customary viewing perspective, nine flowers are divided into green stems and red stems. Green stems, as the name suggests, are green stems; red stems have a red flower axis, that is, if the branch flower stem has no red but the ovary has slight red dots, it belongs to red stems. When appreciating nine flowers, if you look at them in the way you look at one-flowered orchids, you will not be able to see the value of nine flowers. Among red-stem nine flowers, Chengmei is most outstanding for its magnificence, unafraid of wind attack; if thin stems are used as the criterion for judgment, its truly moving qualities cannot be observed.Flower language of Cymbidium faberiThere are many varieties of Cymbidium faberi flowers. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 20,000 orchid varieties worldwide, among which the relatively famous ones include Phalaenopsis and Cymbidium faberi, the center of orchids. Hui flowers
Golden love flower language: May every shooting star in the sky shine across the horizon for you... Colorful cloud capital flower language: Happy every year, joyful all your life, peaceful all your life, full of energy every day. Purple flower passion flower language: Days pass in different spaces, longing arrives at different times; no matter how the world changes, you will always be my favorite. Snow orchid flower language: Like snow, like flowers, like a dream, like truth. Butterfly love flower flower language: Happiness! Only exists when you and I are together... Colorful butterfly flying flower language: If a delicate beautiful flower can bloom only once, then it should choose to bloom when it is most beautiful. If a person can be happy only once in a lifetime, then we should seek today's happiness!Cultural readingHistorical culture of Chinese Cymbidium faberi. The character "hui" in Cymbidium faberi already appeared in the "Chu Ci" by Qu Yuan, the great poet of the State of Chu during the Warring States period. His verse says: "Having cultivated lan in nine wan, and also planted a hundred mu of hui. Ridges of Liuyi and Jieche, mixed with Duyu and Fangzhi." "Huizhi" refers to what we today call Cymbidium faberi and Angelica dahurica. What can be confirmed as the "hui" of what we today call Cymbidium faberi is the hui in "One stem with one flower and surplus fragrance is lan; one stem with five or seven flowers and insufficient fragrance is hui" written by the later Song Dynasty poet and calligrapher Huang Tingjian in "Shu Youfang Ting." In the Song Dynasty, cultivating Cymbidium goeringii and Cymbidium faberi as ornamental plants was already very popular, and it was necessary to make some distinctions among these fragrant herbs. Huang Tingjian's two lines settled the matter and became the basis for later generations to distinguish Cymbidium goeringii from Cymbidium faberi. Modern plant taxonomy also accordingly named this type of orchid, which blooms in late spring with one stem and many flowers, Cymbidium faberi. If Huang Tingjian only distinguished lan and hui by their traits, then Zhu Kerou's "First Fragrance Notes" in the Qing Dynasty had already noticed the different cultivation methods for lan and hui. He said: "Hui by nature likes sun, and needs three hours of sunlight in the first half of the day... As for lan, one or two hours of morning sun is enough." During the Qianlong, Jiaqing, and Daoguang periods of the Qing Dynasty, Cymbidium faberi already had many famous varieties, such as Dayipin, Chengmei, Guanding, Shanghai Mei, Panlu Mei, Dangzi, etc. Some of these Cymbidium faberi variety names were already recorded in Xu Naihe's "Lanhui Tongxin Lu" during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. For example, Dayipin, the first of the famous Old Eight of Cymbidium faberi, was called a top-grade variety in "Lanhui Tongxin Lu," and there was even a poem praising it: "A scholar's spirit and banished immortal talent, guests vie to praise the leader; since entering Jiangnan its reputation has grown heavy, a thousand gold cannot exchange this flower chief." And Bao Weisheng in the early Qing Dynasty, in "Yilan Zaji," opened the door to the aesthetic appreciation of the formal beauty of Cymbidium faberi flowers through his distinction and interpretation of lan and hui petal forms. Until before the large numbers of Cymbidium faberi butterfly flowers and strange flowers appeared in the reform and opening-up era, for nearly one or two hundred years, the aesthetic appreciation of Cymbidium faberi flowers placed special emphasis on petal type, and the influence was very broad, becoming a traditional concept in Cymbidium faberi appreciation. In 1923, Wu Enyuan of Yuhang compiled "A Brief History of Lan and Hui," further collecting and summarizing the traditional varieties and then-new varieties of Cymbidium faberi, and divided them into three major categories: red-shell hui, green-shell hui, and red-green hui. In 1959, the Hangzhou orchid grower Yao wrote the book "Orchids," which on these foundations added butterfly flower types and suxin flower types. After the 1980s, a large number of new Cymbidium faberi varieties were developed, and orchid growers in various places, based on new discoveries, added strange flower types and colored flower types of Cymbidium faberi. At this point, Cymbidium faberi had become a large and distinctive branch among Chinese orchids. Cymbidium faberi was already transmitted to Japan and South Korea during the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China period, especially in the 1930s and 1940s, when Japanese people collected large quantities of Chinese Cymbidium faberi and sold them to Japan for cultivation. In China, due to years of war and, after the founding of the People's Republic, two or three large man-made destructions over several decades, by the end of the last century, when the country prospered and orchids flourished and a wave of orchid love emerged domestically, some traditional Cymbidium faberi varieties could no longer be found in the country and had to be sold back from Japan. A history of the development of Cymbidium faberi also reflects the history of the rise and fall of the nation from one side.Cymbidium faberi poetry: Qu Yuan's "Chu Ci Li Sao"Descendant of the high lord Gaoyang am I; my late father was named Boyong. When the Sheti star stood in the first month of spring, on the day gengyin I came down to birth. My father, surveying my first measure, at the outset bestowed on me a fine name: he named me Zhengze, and styled me Lingjun. Richly I have this inner beauty, and moreover I have cultivated ability. I wear Jiangli and Bichi about me; I stitch autumn orchids to make a girdle. I rush as if I could never catch up, fearing the years will not wait for me. At dawn I pluck magnolia on the hill; at dusk I gather the winter herb on the islet. The sun and moon hurry on without pause; spring and autumn succeed one another in turn. I think of the grass and trees withering and falling, and fear the fair one's late twilight. Why not, while in prime, cast off the foul, why not change this measure? Ride the fine steed and gallop; come, I will lead the way ahead! Of old the three sovereigns were pure and unblemished, and so the many fragrant plants were gathered there. They mingled Shen pepper and juniper cinnamon; how could it be only stitchingHui and Zhi！(Chai: white angelica), (Hui Zhi: cymbidium and white angelica)How upright were Yao and Shun; they followed the way and gained the road. How reckless were Jie and Zhou; they only took the shortcut and stumbled. The faction men steal their pleasures; the road is dark and perilous. How could I fear disaster for myself? I fear the royal chariot's ruin! Hastening forward and back, I would follow the footprints of the former kings. The thoroughwort does not examine my true feelings, but instead trusts slander and grows angry. I well know that blunt honesty brings trouble, yet I endure and cannot let it go. I point to the nine heavens as witness, for it is only for the sake of the spirit's beloved. We set our tryst at dusk, yet midway he changed the road! At first he made a pact with me, then regretted and fled, turning elsewhere. I do not find parting hard, but I grieve that the fair one changes so often. I have already planted nine hundred mu of orchids, and again set outHuia hundred mu of it.(Hui: Chinese orchid cymbidium)In beds I set Liuyi and Jieche, mingled with Duxing andfragrant zhi. I hope their branches and leaves grow tall and thick; I would wait for the season when I shall reap them. Though they wither and die, what harm is that? I mourn that the many fragrant plants are overgrown with weeds. All vie to advance in greed, insatiable in their demands. They excuse themselves and measure others, each rousing his heart to envy. They rush about in pursuit, which is not what my heart urgently seeks. Old age draws slowly near; I fear my fair name will not be established. At dawn I drink the fallen dew of magnolia; at dusk I eat the fallen blossoms of autumn chrysanthemum. If my heart is truly fair and disciplined, what harm in long hunger? I take the tree root to bind the chai, and string the fallen stamens of bili. I bend the juniper cinnamon to stitchHui, and twist the hu rope long and trailing. Honestly I model myself on the former worthies, which is not what the common world wears. Though I do not fit with people today, I would follow the surviving rule of Peng Xian. Long I sigh and wipe my tears, mourning the many hardships of the people's life. Though I love beauty and rein myself in, at dawn I am reproached and by evening dismissed. Since they dismissed me for wearingHuias a sash, and again added the charge of gathering(Chai: white angelica). Yet what my heart holds good, though I die nine times I still would not regret. I resent the spirit's vast heedlessness; in the end he does not examine the people's hearts. The many women envy my moth brows, and slander me, saying I am good at lewdness. Truly the times are skilled at cunning, turning from the compass and square and changing the rule. They abandon the plumb line to pursue crookedness, competing in flattery as their standard. Wretched and pent-up, I am thwarted; alone I am impoverished in this time. Better to die suddenly and be exiled than endure such a manner. The fierce bird does not flock, from former ages it has been so. How can square and round fit together, and who of different ways can dwell in peace? I bend my heart and suppress my will, enduring blame and taking abuse. I hold to purity and die for uprightness, which the former sages truly esteemed. I regret that in choosing the road I was not clear; lingering, I would turn back. I turn my chariot and return to the way, before I have gone far astray. I walk my horse on the orchid bank, gallop to the pepper hill and there rest. Advancing I am not accepted and meet blame; retreating I will again cultivate my first garb. I make water-chestnut and lotus into a coat; I gather lotus blooms for a skirt. If no one knows me, then let it be, if only my heart is truly fragrant. I raise my cap high and towering; I lengthen my girdle long and trailing. Fragrance and luster are mingled together, but my bright substance is still not diminished. Suddenly I look back and let my eyes wander; I will go and view the four wastes. My girdle's ornaments are many and colorful; their fragrance wafts and grows more distinct. In life each has what he delights in; I alone love beauty and make it my constant. Though my body be torn apart I still would not change; how could my heart be punished? The woman Xu was lovely and fair, and repeatedly she scolded me, saying: "Gun was stubborn and upright and lost his life, and in the end died in the wilds of Yu. Why are you so broadly honest and fond of beauty, alone possessing such fair integrity? Cocklebur, luce, and shi fill the house, yet you alone separate yourself and will not wear them." The crowd cannot be told house by house; who can examine my true feelings? The world all lifts up and loves factions; why are you so alone and do not listen to me? I rely on the former sages to moderate my heart, sighing as I lean on my heart and pass through this. Crossing the Yuan and Xiang I journey south, and approach Chonghua to state my case: Qi made the "Nine Arguments" and "Nine Songs," yet Xia indulged in pleasure and let himself go. Not considering difficulties and planning for later, his five sons lost their family lane. Yi indulged in roaming and hunting, and loved to shoot the great fox. Truly the chaotic current rarely ends well; Zhuo again coveted his household. Ao clothed himself in strength, indulged his desires and could not restrain them. Daily he delighted himself and forgot himself, and so his head was thrown down. Xia Jie constantly defied the way, and so in the end met disaster. Hou Xin was made into pickles and mince, and the Yin ancestral line did not long endure. Tang and Yu were solemn and reverent; Zhou discussed the way and made no error. They raised worthy talent and gave office to ability; they followed the plumb line and did not deviate. August Heaven has no partial favor; it looks on the people's virtue and lays its support there. Only the sage and wise with flourishing conduct can truly possess this land below. Looking before and turning after, examining the people's ultimate plan. Who is there who is not righteous and yet can be used? Who is not good and yet can be served? Though my body be near peril and death, reviewing my beginning I still do not regret. Not measuring the mortise and setting the tenon straight, truly the former worthies were made into pickles and mince. I sob and sigh, pent-up and wretched, mourning that my time was not fitting. I gather soft hui to wipe my tears; they soak my lapel in waves. Kneeling with spread skirts I state my case; brightly I have gained this central uprightness. I harness jade dragons and yoke the yao bird; suddenly on the dust wind I journey upward. At dawn I set out from Cangwu; by dusk I reach Xianpu. I would linger a little at this spirit gate, but the sun hurries and will soon set. I bid Xihe slacken his pace, and gaze toward Yanzi and not press on. The road is long and far; I will search above and below. I water my horse in the Xian pool; I gather my reins at Fusang. I break the ruo tree to brush the sun, and for a while wander and roam. Ahead I send Wangshu as herald; behind I make Feilian run in attendance. The luan and phoenix warn ahead for me; the thunder master tells me things are not ready. I bid the phoenix bird fly and soar, continuing day and night. The whirlwind gathers and scatters; it leads clouds and rainbows to welcome me. In confusion they gather and part; dappled and trailing they rise and fall. I bid the celestial gatekeeper open the gate; leaning on the gate of heaven he looks at me. The time is dim and will soon end; I knot the hidden orchid and linger. The world is muddy and does not distinguish; it loves to hide beauty and envy. At dawn I will cross the White Water; I climb Langfeng and tether my horse. Suddenly I look back and shed tears; I mourn that the high mound has no woman. Suddenly I roam this spring palace; I break jade branches to continue my girdle. Before the glory fades, I consider a woman below who can be given it. I bid Fenglong ride the clouds; I seek where Mi Fei may be. I untie my girdle sash to make a pact; I bid Jianxiu to act as go-between. In confusion they gather and part; suddenly tangled and hard to move. At evening she rests at Qiongshi; at dawn she washes her hair in Weipan. She guards her beauty with pride; daily she delights and roams lewdly. Though truly beautiful, she is without propriety; I come to reject her and seek elsewhere. I survey and view the four extremes; I circle the heavens and then descend. I gaze at the towering jade terrace; I see the fair woman of Yousong. I bid the wild goose be matchmaker; the wild goose tells me it is not good. The male dove calls and flies away; I still dislike its frivolity and cunning. My heart hesitates and doubts; I wish to go myself but cannot. The phoenix has already received the gift; I fear Gaoxin has preceded me. I wish to settle far away but have no place to rest; for a while I drift and roam. Before Shaokang has taken a wife, there remain the two Yao women of Youyu. The go-between is weak and the matchmaker clumsy; I fear the words that guide will not be firm. The world is muddy and envies the worthy; it loves to hide beauty and praise evil. The inner chambers are already deep and far; the wise king still does not wake. I cherish my feelings and do not release them; how can I endure and end with these forever? I seek the qiong mao and make divination stalks; I bid Lingfen divine for me. He said: "The two beauties must surely unite; who is truly fair and longs for the other? Think how vast the nine provinces are; how could it be only here that there is a woman?" He said: "Strive to go far away and do not doubt; who seeks beauty and would let you go? Where is there no fragrant grass? Why do you long for your old home?" The world is dark and obscured; who can examine my good and evil? People's likes and dislikes differ; only these faction men are especially different! Every door wears mugwort to fill the waist, and says the hidden orchid cannot be worn. In examining grass and trees they still do not succeed; how can they judge precious beauty? They gather dung and soil to fill their aprons, and say Shen pepper is not fragrant. I wish to follow Lingfen's auspicious divination, but my heart hesitates and doubts. Wu Xian will descend at evening; I embrace pepper and sacrificial grain to invite him. The hundred spirits obscure and all descend; the nine doubts in confusion all welcome. The august one shines and displays his spirit; he tells me auspicious reasons. He said: "Strive to rise and descend, up and down; seek where the rule and measure agree. Tang and Yu were solemn and sought union; Zhi and Gao Yao were able to harmonize. If your inner feeling truly loves beauty, why need you use a go-between? Yue wielded the builder's rammer at Fu Yan; Wu Ding used him without doubt. Lu Wang waved the knife; he met King Wen of Zhou and was raised. Ning Qi sang; Duke Huan of Qi heard and made him an assistant. Before the years are late, the time is still not yet ended. I fear the ti jue will call first, making the hundred grasses lose their fragrance." How the precious girdle towers; the crowd obscures and hides it. Only these faction men are not trustworthy; I fear they will envy and break it. The time is chaotic and changing; how can I stay long?Lan Zhihas changed and is no longer fragrant; the thoroughwortHuihas transformed and become thatch. Why have the fragrant grasses of former days now become these mugwort and wormwood? How could there be another reason? It is the harm of no one loving beauty! I thought the orchid could be relied on, but it has no substance and only a fair appearance. It casts away its beauty and follows the vulgar, seeking merely to be listed among the many fragrant plants. The pepper is wholly flattering and arrogant; the shu again wants to fill the girdle pouch. Since they seek advancement and strive to enter, how can their fragrance be revered? Truly the times follow the current; who can be without change? I seepepper and orchidare like this; how much more Jieche and Jiangli? Only this girdle is precious; it cast away its beauty and passed through this. Its fragrance wafts and is hard to diminish; its scent to this day is still not gone. I harmonize and measure to delight myself; for a while I drift and seek a woman. While my adornment is still strong, I circle and view above and below. Lingfen has already told me the auspicious divination; I choose an auspicious day and will set out. I break jade branches as delicacies; I refine jade powder as provisions. He harnesses flying dragons for me; he mixes jade and ivory for the chariot. How can hearts that differ be made one? I will go far away and separate myself. I turn my road to Kunlun; the way is long and far as I circle. I raise the cloud and rainbow, dim and dense; the jade luan bells jingle. At dawn I set out from Tianjin; by dusk I reach the western extreme. The phoenix bears the banner on its wings; high it soars, soaring on wings. Suddenly I travel this flowing sand; I follow the Red Water and move slowly. I command the flood dragon to bridge the ford; I bid the Western August One to ferry me across. The road is long and full of hardships; I make the many chariots gallop and wait by the path. The road does not circle and turns left; I point to the Western Sea as the tryst. I gather my chariots, a thousand teams; I align the jade axle caps and gallop abreast. I drive eight dragons, winding and graceful; I carry cloud banners trailing and winding. I suppress my will and slacken my pace; my spirit soars high and far. I play the "Nine Songs" and dance the "Shao"; for a while I take the day to make merry. I ascend to the august one's bright splendor; suddenly I look down on my old home. The driver grieves and my horse longs; it curls up and looks back and will not go. The envoi says: It is over! No one in the state knows me; why long for the old capital! Since none are fit to practice good government with me, I will follow where Peng Xian dwells!Selected passage from Qu Yuan's "Seven Remonstrances: Sinking into the River" from the Songs of ChuNot considering the land but coveting fame, my heart is troubled and inwardly wounded. I join hui and zhi to make a girdle, but passing the fish market I lose the fragrance.Confucius, "The Family Sayings of Confucius: In Adversity" - Zhi and lan grow in the deep forest, and do not cease to be fragrant because no one is there. The gentleman cultivates the way and establishes virtue, and does not change his integrity because of poverty and hardship. Confucius said of hui and zhi: The orchid should be the king of fragrances, yet now it alone flourishes and is ranked with the common grasses, just as a worthy who does not meet the right time is classed with vulgar men.Confucius, "The Family Sayings of Confucius: Six Roots"Enter a room of zhi and lan, and after a long time you do not smell their fragrance. Dwelling with the good is like entering a room of zhi and lan: after a long time you do not smell the fragrance, for you have transformed with it. Dwelling with the ungood is like entering a shop of salted fish: after a long time you do not smell the stench, for you have also transformed with it. What stores cinnabar turns red; what stores lacquer turns black. Therefore the gentleman must be careful about where he dwells.Xunzi, "Xunzi: Sitting in Retirement" - Moreover, zhilangrows in the deep forest, and does not cease to be fragrant because no one is there. (Now zhi and lan: cymbidium and white angelica form a pair.) The gentleman's learning is not for advancement, but for being poor without distress, and sorrowful without his will declining. Zhu Xi, "Orchid Stream" - Bright wind floats over the green stream; the orchids, though withered, grow lush day by day. All year no one picks them; they hold their fragrance and only themselves know it. Tao Yuanming, "Drinking Wine" - The hidden orchid grows in the front courtyard, holding its fragrance awaiting the clear wind. When the clear wind suddenly arrives, it is distinguished from the mugwort and wormwood. Zheng Sixiao, "Inscribed on Zheng Suonan's Orchid" - The autumn wind turns orchids and hui into thatch; the southern land is desolate and its spirit has already faded. Only Suonan's heart does not change; with tears as spring and ink he writes the "Li Sao." Kangxi, "Ode to the Hidden Orchid" - Graceful flower posture, long green leaves; when the wind comes, who hides the fragrance in the valley? Not because it can be stitched to make a girdle, but even if no one is there it is fragrant of itself. Pan Tianshou, "Inscribed on the Orchid and Rock Picture" - Idle like the spring temple locks of Wenjun, pure as ice and snow, the far-off Gu fairy. One should judge the king of fragrance by style; how could its hidden scent alone be enough to pass it on.Bada ShanrenZhu Da, "Inscribed on Orchid and Rock" - The prince's painting and calligraphy show heavenly grace; grieving he recalls the peaceful times, his temples turning to silk. Long he borrows ink flowers to lodge his hidden joy; to this day every leaf blows toward the south.China, "Record of the Remnant Subjects"He was skilled in ink orchids. After the change of dynasty, when he painted he did not paint the soil, so the roots had nothing to rely on. When someone asked the reason, he said: The land has been taken from the people, do you not know? Chen Zhifan, "The Orchid Without Roots" - When flowers are moved to America, we look at them with displeasure; when people are moved to America, they too are uneasy. The mountains and rivers of the homeland are not only flowers and trees, but also stories that move one to song and tears, poems that can be chanted and sung, the clamor and laughter of children and the solemn tombs of ancestors, which adorn it with beauty. When the land is lost, where do the roots attach? The nation is the root; a person without a nation is grass without roots, and before wind and rain can torment it, it already withers.Chen ZhifanIt is how many how many years of history that produces a little tradition; it is how many how many years of tradition that produces a little style.China, "The Book of Changes" - Words of one heart are as fragrant as orchids. (Meaning: with one heart and united will, the fragrance is like that of orchids.) General Zhang Xueliang's ode to hui and zhi: Their fragrance is renowned throughout the four seas, and they settle in ten thousand homes. The leaves stand holding upright spirit; the flowers are beautiful without ostentation. Evergreen, they defy severe cold; smiling they pass the high summer. Truly the gentleman among flowers, their bearing lodges elegance. Chairman Zhu De, touring the flower and tree grove of Yuexiu Park in Guangzhou: A hundred flowers all bloom, each vying in spring; only the orchid's fragrance is just right, for a time prized in the city of the five rams. (The fragrance of hui and zhi flowers is a symbol of social stability and harmonious government and people.)Literary giant Shen Congwen, "Taoyuan and Yuanzhou"In the small stream valley grow zhi grasses, still seen everywhere today. (Zhi grass: zhi is white angelica; grass is cymbidium.) Fan Zhongyan, "Record of Yueyang Tower" - Hui, zhi, and orchid on the islet, lush and green. Yan Shigu, "Ode to the Hidden Orchid" - It sings its fair substance in the Chu rhapsodies, and spreads its fragrant name in Han chapters.Emperor Xuan of Liang, "Orchid Poem"When it blooms it does not vie in season; holding its beauty it yields to light frost.Hui Zhi, Song dynastyXiang Ziyin, "Huanxi Sha" - In the green jade thicket, purple jade rods; the hidden flowers sparse and pale, all the more rich in fragrance. It does not let red powder stain its high standard.In memory ofChairman Mao, autumn 1961, reading the "Li Sao": How reckless were Jie and Zhou; they only took the shortcut and stumbled. Only the faction men steal their pleasures; the road is dark and perilous. (Translation: Why must Xia Jie and King Zhou of Shang abandon all restraint and wildly throw open, a pair of hui and zhi, only the shortcut to trap themselves and halt their steps; only the men of the private faction are pleased, the road dim and foolish, hard to win;)Chairman Mao wielded his brush with careful strokes to write the brilliant poem "Seven Quatrains: Qu Yuan."Qu Yuan in those years composed the Chu Sao; in his hand he held a killing knife. Mugwort and wormwood were too abundant, pepper and orchid too few; all the way he rushed into the ten-thousand-li waves. (Pepper and orchid: Shen pepper, hui and zhi.)
Pest and disease control and treatment for cymbidiumAcross the Taiwan Strait, the same Chinese orchid cymbidium
When large-flowered cymbidium shows yellow leaves and scorched edges, there are roughly the following situations: 1. Improper watering. Although large-flowered cymbidium likes moisture, because its potting medium holds moisture strongly and it has fleshy roots, it tolerates mild drought relatively well, so it is advised not to water too much or too often. Water with clear water close to room temperature. Do not water with fertilizer during the flowering period; apply fertilizer only after the flowering period ends, otherwise the flowering period shortens, and improper fertilizer use can also cause fertilizer burn. The interval between waterings can be controlled according to room temperature. When watering, pour slowly and gently, do not dump hastily. 2. The potting medium contains organic matter that easily decomposes. The large-flowered cymbidium and other New Year flowers sold on the market are all repotted into relatively pretty and noble porcelain pots, but during repotting, because the pot is a bit larger, some merchants add some flower soil to the pot, yet some flower soil is not decomposed. Only after it is repotted and sold does the organic matter ferment and release heat, causing damage to the flower. The roots are scorched, root rot appears, causing yellow leaves or death of the plant. It is advised to carefully check the flower's potting soil to ensure the flower grows robustly. 3. Cold air damage. Although large-flowered cymbidium is relatively cold-tolerant, at lower temperatures it cannot endure it. On the way home after purchase it may be hit by cold air, causing damage to leaves or flowers. At the time it does not show, and only after a few days do symptoms slowly appear. For this type, the affected flower can only have the yellowed leaves cut off and be slowly conditioned, but generally it will not die. 4. Unsuitable micro-environment. Large-flowered cymbidium is a flower that likes relatively high air humidity. If indoor air humidity is low and the temperature is somewhat high, yellow leaves and scorched edges easily appear. You can spray water several more times a day to increase the micro-environment humidity. Furthermore, it may be directly blown by an air conditioner or placed near heating, in an easily drying micro-environment, which also very easily causes scorched edges and yellow leaves. When this phenomenon appears, just adjust it. But leaves that have already yellowed can only be cut off. 5. Poor light. Large-flowered cymbidium likes light but fears strong direct sunlight; generally scattered light is best. Too weak light will also cause poor growth and some ailments. Generally indoor appreciation determines the flower's placement by the indoor position, but at this time one should also note whether the flower adapts to the micro-environment of this position.Main pests and diseases(1) Southern blight: mostly occurs in the plum rain season. Ventilation and light transmission should be noted, and good pot soil drainage for prevention. After onset, the infected pot soil can be removed and pentachloronitrobenzene powder or lime sprinkled on. (2) Anthracnose: present all year, more rampant in hot, rainy seasons. In addition to improving environmental conditions, at onset first spray with 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder at 800-1500 times dilution, once every 7-10 days, then supplement with 1% equal-amount Bordeaux mixture, once every half month. (3) Scale insects: breed fastest under high temperature, high humidity, and poor air circulation. Use conventional control methods. (4) Root rot, also called nematode disease. Nematodes parasitize orchid roots, causing root rot, poor growth of aboveground leaves, leaf color fading to green and yellowing, and even plant wilting. Nematode damage causes many wounds and also invites infection by other soil-borne pathogens, causing the plant to sicken and hastening its death. The growing medium should be disinfected; 100-degree steam sterilization can kill the eggs. For severe infestation, repot immediately, soak the diseased plant in the medicinal solution for 20-30 minutes, remove and dry, and replant with new medium. In summary, to grow orchids well, one must master their natural growing environment conditions, adopt reasonable measures, and strengthen cultivation management. According to the "Orchid Growing Formula": "Do not bring out in spring, do not sun in summer, do not dry in autumn, do not wet in winter" - this is a summary of China's orchid-growing experience.Pollution-free controlBelow are some folk small remedies for pollution-free control of orchid pests and diseases. "Small" remedies can often solve "big" problems, so orchid friends may wish to try them. 1. Tea bran. Tea bran, also called tea seed cake or tea seed dregs, is the residue left after pressing oil from tea seeds; farmers often use it to wash clothes. Tea bran contains saponin and glycosides, and its water extract is alkaline, with good stomach-poison and contact-killing effects on pests. Control methods: 1. Soak crushed powdered tea bran and boiling water at a 1:5 ratio for a day and night, use it to pour over orchid pots, and also pour over the place where orchid pots are placed and other orchid pots; it has good control effect on snails. 2. Spray tea bran water on orchid plants; the control effect on aphids and red spider mites is very good, reaching over 90%. 3. Tea bran water can also kill earthworms. Pour tea bran water thoroughly through the pot soil, and after a moment the earthworms will drill out of the soil surface; pick them out and remove them. On the merits and faults of earthworms to orchids, the orchid world has differing views. One view holds that earthworms in the pot, when active, destroy some orchid fungus hyphae and injure orchid root tips, and are pests that must be removed. Another view holds that earthworms in orchid pots can eat many decaying substances in the pot and rotten orchid roots; earthworm activity can loosen the soil, and their droppings can serve as orchid fertilizer, with merits outweighing faults, so they need not be killed. Which is right and which wrong awaits orchid friends to judge by their own practical observation, weighing the pros and cons. 2. Strong-smelling vegetables (scallion, garlic, chives, ginger, onion, etc.) Strong-smelling vegetables each have their own odor, and their smell can play a role in killing insects and sterilizing. Control methods: 1. Take 25g garlic, crush and squeeze the juice, dilute in 10L water, immediately spray orchid plants; it can treat aphids, red spider mites, scale insects and gray mold. Press peeled garlic into small pieces and place them at equal distances on the orchid pot surface soil; after a few days earthworms and ants are gone. 2. Soak chopped scallion and water at a 1:30 ratio for a day and night, then filter, and use it to spray orchid plants, several times a day, continuously for several days; it has good effect on controlling aphids, soft-bodied pests, and preventing and treating powdery mildew. 3. Use 1 jin of ginger, add half a jin of water, crush and take the juice, add 6 jin of water per jin of juice, spray orchid plants; it can control aphids. 4. Mix chive juice and clear water at a 1:60 ratio, use it to spray orchid plants, twice a day, repeated for several days; it can cure black spot. 5. Take 15g chopped onion bulbs, put into 2 jin of water, seal and soak for 7 hours, then filter, use the filtrate to spray orchid plants; it can treat red spider mites and aphids. 3. Cigarette butts. Tobacco leaves contain about 3% nicotine. Nicotine has strong contact and stomach-poison effects on pests. Take about 20 smoked cigarette butts and one portion of quicklime, add water, stir and soak, filter, then add 30 portions of water, use it to spray orchid plants, pot soil and pot bottoms; it can eliminate ants and other pests without waxy bodies. 4. Washing powder and detergent. Washing powder can dissolve the cuticle of scale insects and at the same time form a layer of foam wrapping the insect body, suffocating the scale insects to death. Washing powder solution can control some pests and diseases. Control methods: 1. Dissolve a small amount of washing powder in warm water, then dilute with water to 1000 times, spray orchid plants; it can kill aphids, whiteflies, red spider mites. Diluted to 600 times, spray once every three days, three times in succession, all scale insects die. 2. Mix pig bitter bile and clear water at a 1:100 ratio, and add a small amount of washing powder, use it to spray orchid plants; it can control anthracnose and soft rot. After spraying orchid plants with washing powder solution, once the pests die, the leaves must be rinsed several times with clear water so the orchid plants grow normally. 5. White liquor. Mix white liquor and water at a 1:2 ratio, spray orchid plants, once a week, three times in succession; it can kill scale insects. 6. Citrus peel. Place citrus peel at the pot bottom; it can prevent ants and other pests from entering the pot soil to harm orchids. Citrus peel can also be cut into small pieces and scattered on the pot soil surface; with no watering for a few days, it can treat aphids, scale insects, etc. 7. Brown sugar. Mix powdered brown sugar and boiling water at a 1:100 ratio, and after cooling use the brown sugar liquid to spray orchid plants, once every 3 days, three times in succession; it has good effect on preventing and treating downy mildew, powdery mildew, black spot, and leaf blight. 8. Diesel. Mix diesel and water at a 1:60 ratio into an emulsion, then dilute with 100 times water and spray orchid plants; it can treat scale insects, etc. 9. Plant ash. Soak plant ash and water at a 1:50 ratio for two days and nights, then filter, use the filtrate to spray orchid plants; it can both treat aphids and increase potassium fertilizer. 10. Vinegar. Mix vinegar and clear water at a 1:8 ratio, use it to evenly spray the front and back of orchid leaves; it can treat scale insects. If the scale insects have become adults, the acidity of the mixed liquid can be slightly raised, spray once every three days, three times in succession, and it can kill adult scale insects. Spraying vinegar liquid on leaves can also eliminate black spot, powdery mildew, leaf spot, yellowing disease, etc. Industrial vinegar must not be used. [6]Disease control(1) Fungal anthracnose: mostly occurs at leaf tips; the lesion edge is dark brown, the middle gray-white, mostly caused by high temperature, high humidity, and poor ventilation. Lesions should be cut off promptly, with accompanying spraying. Common agents include 1000 times mancozeb, 1000 times copper hydroxide. Other fungal diseases are commonly controlled with the following agents: 1000 times chlorothalonil, 800 times ridomil, 800 times metalaxyl. (2) Bacterial diseases: common agents include 6000 times agricultural streptomycin sulfate, 300ppm agricultural streptomycin, 800 times jinggangmycin. With continuous cropping and long-term cultivation, soft rot will be severe. It does not occur in the seedling stage; generally by the third year, when flower buds reach a height of 20 to 30 cm, the bulbs are suddenly all found rotten, and it also occurs on the mountain. At this time they can only all be destroyed, otherwise it easily causes the disease to infect healthy plants. If the surrounding environmental sanitation is handled promptly and chemical control is carried out, it will inhibit the disease. (3) Pests: the main pests are slugs and leaf mites. Common agents: slug killer (trap-kill), trichlorfon miticide. From June to September, when ventilation is poor, slugs occur severely, mostly hiding on the backs of leaves, while also harming the root system. For control, lime can be scattered in brick crevices, then water sprayed, which can kill large numbers of adults; meanwhile, kalanchoe leaves and granular slug killer can be used for trap-killing. Leaf mites occur on the backs of leaves, so when spraying pesticide, start from the backs of the leaves. Common agents for controlling other pests include: 2000 times propargite, 6000 times flusilazole, 2000 times dimethoate, 3000 times abamectin. Note: To save manpower and materials and achieve the best control effect, pesticides that do not undergo chemical reaction can usually be mixed and applied. For specific mixing, refer to the following combinations: 1200 times copper triazole + 1300 times synergist + 6000 agricultural streptomycin sulfate (for fungal and bacterial disease control) 500 times carbendazim + 800 times jinggangmycin + 2000 times propargite (for seedlings; for fungi, bacteria and mites) 1000 times copper hydroxide (for bacterial diseases; also effective on fungi) 300ppm agricultural streptomycin + 8000 times flusilazole (for bacteria and pests) 800 times chlorothalonil + 2000 times oxytetracycline (for fungi and bacteria) 4000 times wanxing + 800 times jinggangmycin (for slugs and bacteria) 1200 times oxytetracycline + 800 times thiophanate-methyl (for bacteria and fungi) 800 times thiophanate-methyl + 300ppm agricultural streptomycin (for fungi and bacteria) 800 times yibao (for fungi, bacteria) 1000 times chlorothalonil + 1000 times copper hydroxide (for fungal diseases) 500 times carbendazim + 800 times metalaxyl (for seedlings; for fungal diseases) 800 times metalaxyl + 1600 times benomyl + 1300 times deltamethrin (for fungi and slugs) 6000 times flusilazole (for insect killing) 8000 times flusilazole + 800 times chlorothalonil (for pests and fungal diseases) 800 times ridomil + 800 times thiophanate-methyl + 2000 times imidacloprid (for viruses, fungi and mites) 300 times polyoxin + 1875 times dibrom (for seedlings; for bacterial diseases and leafminers) 2000 times deltamethrin + 800 times metalaxyl (for slugs and fungal diseases) 100ppm gibberellin (to promote growth) 800 times metalaxyl + 800 times mancozeb (for blade disinfection) 1500 times deltamethrin + 2000 times dichlorvos + 2000 times dimethoate (to control slugs) 3000 times abamectin (to control planthoppers and mites; active ingredient is avermectin) trisodium phosphate (effective against viruses)
Cymbidium pictures
Masson pine bonsai. Masson pine bonsai pictures, the medicinal value of Masson pine
Masson pine plants are widely distributed in China, and I believe many friends are not very unfamiliar with Masson pine. With the development of society, Masson pine bonsai will also appear in modern people's home spaces. Below, the editor will lead everyone into Masson pine bonsai pictures, to understand the medicinal value of Masson pine.
【Editor's strong recommendation]Indoor plant plectranthus amboinicus, fragrant wood, hydroponic plants, small potted plants, flower plants, feng shui anti-radiation plants, cut-leaf water hyssop
[Masson pine] Masson pine bonsai pictures, the medicinal value of Masson pine
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[Plant profile]
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Chinese name:Masson pine
Scientific name:Pinus massoniana Lamb
Aliases:Pine tree, fir tree, green pine
Family:Pinaceae PINACEAE Lindl
Genus:Pinus
Origin and distribution:Southern Shandong, Henan, Hubei and the southwestern provinces also often show its traces, spread throughout central and southern China. Northern Vietnam has Masson pine plantations.
Growing environment:Widely grows in the Jiangnan region in mountains and hills below 1,800 meters
Morphological characteristics:Evergreen tree. First-year shoots pale yellow-brown, hairless; winter buds brown. Leaf sheath membranous. Flowers unisexual, monoecious; male inflorescences stalkless, catkin-like, axillary at the base of new branches, stamens spirally arranged; female inflorescences spherical, one to several born at the tip or upper part of new branches. Needles 2 per bundle, slender and flexible, with fine serrations on the edges, 12-20 cm long, apex sharp; resin canals 4-7, marginal. Cones oblong-ovate, 4-8 cm long, 2.5-5 cm in diameter, chestnut-brown when mature; the scales of the seed scales are shield-flat or slightly thickened, with slight transverse ridges; the scale umbo is slightly concave, without a prickle tip, rarely with a short prickle tip. Seeds long-ovate, winged. Flowering period April-May, fruiting period September-October.
[Traditional Chinese medicine properties]——————————————————————————————————————————————
[Nature and flavor]Warm in nature, sweet and bitter in flavor;
[Efficacy]It has the effect of drying dampness and dispelling wind, promoting tissue regeneration and relieving pain. For external use it can be made into ointment, can treat carbuncles, boils, sores and ulcers, eczema, burns, scalds, and rosin powder can also be applied to the affected area.
[Indications]Used to dispel wind and move qi, invigorate blood and relieve pain.
[Uses]Landscape uses: Masson pine is tall and majestic, with ancient and strange posture, strong adaptability, strong wind resistance, tolerant of smoke and dust, fine wood grain, hard texture, able to withstand water, suitable for arrangement in mountain streams, valleys, rocks, poolside, roadside and mountain afforestation. Planted alone in front of the courtyard, beside pavilions, among rockeries. Stem bark fiber makes artificial cotton and rope. Leaves used as medicine.
[Medicinal source]Pine resin and rosin, leaves, roots, stem nodes, young leaves (commonly called tree heart), etc. are used as medicine.
The medicinal value of Masson pine——————————————————————————————————————————————
Masson pine can also treat mumps, urticaria, mastitis, low back pain, toothache and other symptoms.
◆Drinking: Put Masson pine into water and boil; drinking the decoction can clear heat and detoxify, beautify and nourish the face, and has special efficacy for diabetes.
◆Stomachache: Masson pine tree heart 2 to 3 qian, grind into powder, take with boiled water.
◆Traumatic injury: Young branches of Masson pine when it is about to sprout leaves, scrape off the outer bark, roast dry and grind into powder, take 1 qian per dose, take with sweet wine, twice daily; additionally use an appropriate amount of fresh Masson pine root bark, pound and apply externally.
◆Arthritis: Masson pine branch nodes 1 liang, Caragana sinica root 1 liang, Sargentodoxa cuneata root 1 liang, Celastrus orbiculatus root 1 liang, decoct in water and wine and take.
◆Traumatic bleeding: appropriate amount of Masson pine pollen, sprinkle on the wound.
◆Chronic nephritis: appropriate amount of fresh Masson pine leaves, cut off both ends, pound and extract the juice, take 1 liang per dose, take with warm boiled water.
◆Bamboo or wood splinter in the flesh: Masson pine oil (pine resin) and glutinous rice each appropriate amount, pound and apply externally.
"Conclusion:Masson pine is an important timber tree species, and also a pioneer tree species for afforestation of barren hills. Its uses are relatively broad, and its economic value is also relatively high. Of course, besides its medicinal value, Masson pine is also one of the important timber materials in industrial and agricultural production, mainly used for construction, board making, sleepers, plywood, matchsticks, mine props, packing boxes, and so on for construction projects.
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