Detailed Explanation of High-Quality and High-Yield Cultivation Techniques for Summer Sesame

With the adjustment of the planting industry structure, the summer sesame planting area in our province has been continuously expanding. In recent years, through practice, we have summarized a set of high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques for summer sesame, and are now introducing them to everyone in order to improve the yield and quality of summer sesame in our province.

1. Crop rotation and field change: Selecting plots that have not been planted with sesame within two years is the prerequisite for achieving high-quality and high-yield summer sesame.

2. Selection of improved varieties: For summer sesame production, sesame varieties such as Yuzhi No. 8, Yuzhi No. 11, and Yuzhi No. 9, which are high-quality, high-yield, and strongly stress-resistant, should be selected.

3. Timely early sowing: The suitable sowing period for summer sesame in our province is from June 5 to 15, and within this period, the earlier the better. For soil with poor moisture content, artificially create moisture 3-5 days before sowing to ensure full seedling emergence after one sowing. When sowing, use a precision seeder for precise sowing, with a seed rate of 400-500 grams per mu.

4. Seedling stage management: Begin thinning seedlings when the young plants have 1 pair of true leaves, and final thinning when they have 3-4 pairs of true leaves. Generally, leave 10,000-12,000 plants per mu. For early-sown plots with high fertility, leaving 8,000-10,000 plants per mu is appropriate; for late-sown plots with slightly poorer fertility, leaving 12,000-13,000 plants per mu is appropriate. For plots sown on iron stubble, carry out intertillage and stubble removal as early as possible; this work should be done early rather than late.

5. Fertilizer and water management: Apply 5 kg of urea per mu during the seedling bed stage; apply 8-10 kg of urea per mu at the early flowering stage; in the middle and late stages, combine with pesticide spraying and spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1% urea, and boron fertilizer (200 grams per mu) on the leaves 1-2 times. During the entire growth period of summer sesame, do not irrigate unless there is drought; when rainwater accumulates in the field on rainy days, drain it promptly to prevent waterlogging damage.

6. Timely topping: Perform topping one week after the full flowering stage or 30 days before harvest. Topping can promote full grain filling and reduce nutrient consumption caused by empty tips.

7. Chemical weed control: 2-3 days after sowing and before emergence, apply 100-150 milliliters of 50% acetochlor per mu mixed with 40-50 kg of water for surface spraying. At the 2-4 leaf stage of weeds after emergence, for plots mainly infested with monocotyledonous weeds, apply 60-75 milliliters of 15% quizalofop-p-ethyl per mu mixed with 40-50 kg of water for stem and leaf spraying; for plots mainly infested with dicotyledonous weeds, apply 60-75 milliliters of 25% fomesafen per mu mixed with 40-50 kg of water for stem and leaf spraying; for plots with mixed monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds, the above two agents can be mixed and sprayed.

8. Timely harvest: Sesame capsules do not mature uniformly. Generally, the suitable harvest period is when the basal leaves have fallen, the capsules have turned from green to yellow, and the lower 2-3 capsules have split open. After harvesting, tie into small bundles, pile them together for 1-2 days, then set them upright on racks to dry. After drying, thresh each bundle by striking, dry again after threshing, and then strike once more.