Detailed Explanation of Key Techniques for Field Cultivation of Straw Mushrooms

Field cultivation of straw mushrooms requires simple equipment, is easy to operate, and offers high economic returns; it can also improve soil fertility and increase crop yields. The specific techniques are:

1. Site selection should choose a location with relatively high terrain, convenient water sources, and soil fertility above medium level.

2. Crop planting method: Straw mushrooms grown in open fields are generally intercropped between rows of tall crops such as corn, sunflowers, and sorghum, so as to create a shaded microclimate.

3. Cultivation substrate formulas: (1) 70% chopped rice straw, 30% fresh horse manure; (2) 58% crushed corn cobs, 40% sorghum husks, urea, and superphosphate, 1% each.

4. Making the mushroom bed: Taking spring corn field cultivation as an example, with corn rows running east-west, wide rows of 1.2 m, narrow rows of 40 cm, and plant spacing of 15 cm. Before sowing corn or when it has grown to 1 m tall, dig a sowing trench 80 cm wide and 10 cm deep in the wide rows, level it slightly, irrigate along the trench, and after the water has seeped in, spread a small amount of lime; it is best to spray pesticide to drive away soil pests.

5. Laying the substrate and sowing: For each meter of sowing trench, spread 15 kg of fermented culture substrate, with a sowing rate of 1/5 of the dry substrate weight. You can lay one layer of substrate and sow one layer of spawn, or sow the spawn at a depth of 2-3 cm from the surface; near the edges, 5-6 cm from the border, increase the sowing rate. The culture substrate should be spread evenly, and the surface shaped into a gentle slope that is slightly higher in the middle; after sowing, pat it firm and cover with plastic film and straw matting.

6. Management: When the substrate temperature reaches above 35°C, the film should be lifted for ventilation and heat dissipation, keeping the substrate temperature at around 30°C. At this temperature, the mycelium begins to knot and form primordia. After budding, growth is very rapid, and the temperature should be controlled at 26-32°C with a relative humidity of 85-95%. During straw mushroom cultivation, casing soil can also be applied at the appropriate time.