Detailed Explanation of New High-Yield and High-Efficiency Cultivation Techniques for Straw Mushroom

Straw mushroom, also known as orchid mushroom, delicious bract-foot mushroom, Chinese mushroom, and Nanhua mushroom. It is a thermophilic and hygrophilic straw-textured saprophytic fungus that grows in summer on grasses such as rice straw and other Gramineae grasses, or on fibrous waste such as cotton and hemp. Straw mushroom is delicious, nutritious, and has good health-care effects. It is cold in nature and sweet in taste, has the function of relieving summer heat and removing fever, and has effects such as strengthening the body and bones, protecting the liver and strengthening the stomach, promoting lactation, and detoxifying. Eating straw mushroom regularly can increase the body's resistance and accelerate wound healing. It can also reduce cholesterol accumulation and lower blood pressure. Therefore, straw mushroom has always been favored by consumers.

Straw mushroom is a traditional export commodity of China and has long enjoyed a high reputation in the international market. Whether fresh mushrooms, quick-frozen mushrooms, or dried mushrooms and canned mushrooms, all are very popular. They are sold nearby to Hong Kong, China, Macao, China, Japan, and Southeast Asia, and are sold as far as Western Europe, the United States, and Canada. With the improvement of people's living standards and China's accession to the WTO, the output of straw mushroom is already far from meeting domestic and foreign market demand, and there is great potential for developing straw mushroom production.

I. Benefit Analysis The production time of straw mushroom is short. From inoculation to harvest, it takes only 10-12 days, and the entire production cycle is only 1 month. It can be planted 4-6 batches per year. Based on cultivating 2500 kg of material per 100 sq m, 750 kg of fresh straw mushroom can be produced (30% conversion rate). At a selling price of 5 yuan per kg, the output value per batch (per month) for 100 sq m reaches 3750 yuan. The cost input is only 1300 yuan, of which 300 yuan is for spawn production, and 1000 yuan is for rice straw (wheat straw) and rice bran (wheat bran) (rice straw calculated at 2.20 yuan/kg). The net income reaches 2450 yuan. If planted 4-6 batches per year, the profit can reach 10,000-15,000 yuan.

II. Key Points of Cultivation Techniques

1. Spawn Preparation Stock spawn and cultivation spawn medium formula: chopped rice straw 80%, wheat bran (rice bran) 19%, calcium carbonate 1%. Cottonseed hull medium formula: cottonseed hull 90%, wheat bran 8%, gypsum powder 1%, superphosphate 1%. For stock spawn, 750 ml stock spawn bottles or 14 cm x 28 cm polypropylene bags can be used. For cultivation spawn, 15 cm x 30 cm polyethylene bags can be used, inoculated at one end (with collar ring and cotton plug). In 15-20 days, the mycelium can grow fully and be ready for use. Good straw mushroom cultivation spawn has white mycelium or mycelium just turning yellow and transparent, with no or very few reddish-brown chlamydospores, no contaminating microorganisms, and no diseases or insect pests.

2. Cultivation Adopt long rice straw mushroom bag semi-cooked material cultivation. ① Raw materials: rice straw, rice bran or wheat bran, corn flour, peanut cake or rapeseed cake powder, gypsum powder, compound fertilizer or ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, lime powder.

② Formula: dry rice straw 50 kg, rice bran 12.5 kg, corn flour 1 kg, gypsum powder 1 kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200 g. Or dry rice straw 50 kg, rice bran 5 kg, corn flour 2 kg, wheat bran 2.5 kg, gypsum powder 0.5 kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200 g. ③ Soaking the straw, mixing ingredients, packing, sterilizing, and inoculating. Arrange the whole straw and immerse it in a water pool, press it tightly with stones, then add 3%-5% lime water, soak for 12-24 hours, take it out and air-dry it appropriately, while evenly mixing auxiliary materials such as rice bran. Use a mold to pack the rice straw, spreading one layer of straw and one layer of rice bran auxiliary material, for a total of four layers of straw and four layers of material. The dry weight of each mushroom bag is 5-7.5 kg. After packing, sterilize with a steam sterilization device for 4-6 hours, cool to below 40 degrees C, and inoculate for cultivation. ④ The cultivation site can be indoors or an outdoor greenhouse or shade shed, with three-dimensional mycelium running in a "#" shape. After 7 days, it can enter fruiting management. During this period, the air humidity should be maintained at 80%-90%, and the temperature should be controlled at 28-32 degrees C.