Detailed Explanation of Key Points for High-Yield Cultivation Techniques of Straw Mushroom

1. Selecting good spawn is key. It is best to use a newly bred first-generation improved variety; varieties that have been subcultured too many times are prone to quality degeneration and yield decline. At the same time, avoid mixed cultivation of different types of straw mushroom spawn.

2. Properly handle the growing substrate. The main growing substrate for cultivating straw mushroom is rice straw. To improve the quality of the growing substrate, when the rice straw is spread out to dry, it can be beaten with sticks or rolled with stone rollers, pressing it repeatedly to make the rice straw fine, loose, soft, and easy to absorb enough water, so that it can be pressed more firmly when building the bed, which is beneficial to fermentation. The rice straw is soaked in water. pile-fermented, and sprinkled with 1% lime water for fermentation for 2-3 days, which helps kill miscellaneous bacteria on the rice straw and speeds up the decomposition of the rice straw. Finally, the mushroom bed is piled and built.

3. Prepare the mushroom bed soil well and add auxiliary nutrient material. Use 50 kg of fertile soil (sun-dried and crushed), add 1.5 kg of fine bran and mix well, then use 100 g of edible sugar and 500 g of lime, add 30 kg of water, then sprinkle the water solution of sugar and lime into the mixed material of fine soil and fine bran, mix it to a state where it forms a ball when squeezed in the hand and breaks apart when dropped to the ground, then cover it with plastic film and ferment for one week to become mushroom bed soil.

"Auxiliary nutrient material formula: 40 kg of rice straw 10 cm long, 8 kg of rice bran, 1.25 kg of gypsum powder, 0.5 kg of lime, 250 g of edible sugar, add water and mix well, with the water content controlled at about 70%. This nutrient material must not be fermented too thoroughly; the short rice straw should have a certain tensile strength, that is, it should be loose and elastic. The ratio of nutrient material to growing substrate is 1:10; this combination can provide the straw mushroom with sufficient nitrogen and carbon. After inoculation, the straw pile bed should be trampled and stepped on many times, stuffing the uneven and messy straw into the straw pile, and pressing the mushroom bed firmly and tightly, which is beneficial to fermentation and the growth of straw mushroom mycelium.

4. Regulate the climate of the mushroom bed. On the 4th day after piling, a fruiting water should be added once to extend the fermentation and fruiting period and keep the surface temperature at the top of the pile at about 36°C, which is favorable for fruiting. The suitable humidity for straw mushroom is: the water content of the mushroom bed is 60%-70%, and the relative air humidity is 85%-95%. Therefore, in seasons when the temperature is below 30°C, in order to keep warm and retain moisture, doors and windows indoors should be opened as little as possible. The mushroom bed outdoors should not have the plastic film lifted frequently; when the temperature is above 30°C, attention should be paid to ventilation and air exchange, and indoors it should be ventilated for more than 2 hours every day. In addition, attention should also be paid to light, because when the fruiting bodies form and develop, there must be scattered light, otherwise the fruiting bodies are not easy to form or will shrink and rot.

5. Harvest at the right time. Harvesting should be timely; it is best to pick early in the morning, as the weather at noon is hot and unsuitable for picking mushrooms. When the base of the straw mushroom is relatively wide and the top is slightly pointed in a pagoda shape or oval shape, the mushroom body changes from hard to loose, and the color changes from dark to light, before the volva breaks or just as it breaks, harvesting at this time is more appropriate. If there are densely clustered straw mushrooms, when most are suitable for picking, they should be harvested "all in one nest," that is, picked together regardless of size, to avoid causing the death and rotting of immature straw mushrooms due to turning over the bed when picking individual straw mushrooms. When harvesting, be sure to pick cleanly and leave no residual base. If there are mushroom stipes, they should be dug out cleanly with a small knife promptly after picking; otherwise, the residual stipe stubble left on the mushroom bed will rot and ooze yellow water, causing nearby mushroom buds to shrink and rot, affecting the mushroom yield of the entire bed and thereby causing losses. After harvesting once, use 5 kg of cooled boiled water plus one ampoule of vitamin B1 injection and spray it on the mushroom bed with a sprayer, which can prevent mushroom buds from shrinking and rotting.