How to prevent and control several common diseases of straw mushrooms?

① During the mushroom bud formation stage, control the temperature at 25-28°C. When the temperature suddenly drops below 20°C in early autumn, cover the shed with straw curtains for insulation; ② During the mycelium growth stage, the light should be dimmer to prevent strong light stimulation from causing premature mushroom bud formation; pile the straw firmly to help the mycelium connect tightly; ③ During the mycelium growth period, spray rotenone and dichlorvos around the culture material on the mushroom bed to kill pests such as millipedes and woodlice; ④ The spawn must be isolated or introduced every year and stored at a suitable temperature; ⑤ Regularly sprinkle water on the beds around the material blocks or irrigate in the bed furrows to keep the bed moist. During the fruiting period, maintain the relative air humidity at 90-95%, and strictly avoid watering the bed surface in the early stage of mushroom buds; ⑥ After the mycelium has fully covered the culture material, promptly remove the film covering the material surface and ventilate, but avoid direct drafts or dry wind blowing into the mushroom house; combine insulation with ventilation; ⑦ Before cultivation, the culture material should be sun-dried for 1-2 days, and when mixing, adjust the pH to about 8-9; ⑧ When harvesting mushrooms, never pull them out forcefully or damage the young mushrooms. After harvesting, clean the mushroom bed, dig out the mushroom bases, and remove rotten mushrooms.

① This situation cannot be remedied. The only feasible method is to purchase spawn of the right age, that is, healthy spawn within 3 days of age; ② Control temperature changes and keep the range from being too large. Absolutely do not spray water on the mushroom bed when mushrooms are forming; ③ The material should be fermented and sterilized before being put into the bed. If the bed already has mites, before mushrooms appear, spray 0.1-0.2% dichlorvos and cover with film.

① Use fresh, clean culture material free of mold and rot; ② Before cultivation, the culture material should be sun-dried under strong sunlight for 2-3 days, and soaked in 1-2% limewater before sowing; ③ When mixing, control the proportion of nitrogen in the material; the total amount of bran or rice bran should not exceed 15%; ④ If cultivating indoors, disinfect beforehand with benzalkonium bromide and fumigate with formaldehyde for 3 days (formaldehyde dosage: 40 milliliters per cubic meter, with 20 grams of potassium permanganate added to the formaldehyde); ⑤ The cultivation material must first be piled for fermentation or sterilized with steam, bringing the pile temperature to 75°C, so that contaminants can be killed within 7 days; ⑥ The water content of the culture material must not exceed 95%. After sowing, cover with film, then open windows for ventilation to reduce ammonia content; ⑦ Raise the pH; during the growth stage, pH 8.5 is suitable, and during fruiting body growth, pH must not be lower than 7.5; ⑧ Before cultivation, the site must be strictly washed and disinfected. Wash with limewater at pH 9, and spray-disinfect with 50% wettable powder thiophanate-methyl at 1000 times dilution or 25% wettable powder carbendazim at 300-500 times dilution; ⑨ Improve the inoculation method: mix three-quarters of the spawn evenly with the cultivation material and spread it flat, then cover the remaining one-quarter of the spawn on the surface of the culture material, and finally press it down appropriately, which can control contamination by Coprinus mushrooms; ⑩ Adjust temperature and humidity well; (11) If Coprinus mushrooms have already grown on the material, first, immediately pull them out by hand, and second, use 50% limewater for local disinfection; (12) After the first flush of mushrooms is harvested, spray 3% limewater on the material to adjust the pH, which can prevent Coprinus from occurring; (13) Mixing material with or spraying 5% alum water can effectively control or reduce the occurrence of Coprinus.