How to achieve high yield in raw material soil-casing cultivation of straw mushrooms (Volvariella volvacea)?

I. Select virus-free spawn

Virus-free spawn of straw mushroom has the obvious production advantages of not carrying any viruses or pathogenic bacteria itself, strong resistance, and high yield. Spawn should be selected according to the destination of the product, such as V23 with large-grain characteristics, suitable for fresh sale or drying; Nongke V42 with medium-to-large grain characteristics, suitable for both fresh sale and salted processing; other small-to-medium grain types are suitable for canning processing, etc.,

II. Chemical treatment of the mushroom shed

Generally, a solution of Baibingquwuzong can be used to spray the mushroom shed carpet-style, thoroughly killing viruses, pathogenic bacteria, etc., to ensure the cleanliness of the production site and create good conditions for production.

III. Treatment of casing soil material

The quality of the casing soil material has a direct impact on the cultivation effect of straw mushroom. Treatment method: take cultivated-layer soil from a vegetable greenhouse or garden soil, sun-dry it, and crush it for later use. 600 jin of cow dung, 600 kg of chicken manure, after crushing add 20 kg of urea, 100 kg of superphosphate, 40 kg of gypsum powder, 12 kg of biological fermentation agent. 1500 kg of water, mix well and ferment; when the maximum temperature inside the pile reaches 60°C, turn the pile; after 20 days it is fermented and decomposed, then mix well with the soil, add sterilizing drugs such as Baibingquwuzong solution, spraying while mixing, and after fully mixing, build into a pile and cover with film. Two hours before use, spread it out and let it air slightly.

IV. Base material formula and treatment

1. Formula. 450 kg of dry and fresh wheat straw, 50 kg of wheat bran, 10 kg of superphosphate. 2 kg of urea, 7.5 kg of gypsum powder, 5 kg of lime powder, 2 bags of edible mushroom three-dimensional nutrient essence (mixing type).

2. Treatment. Depending on the amount of raw material, dig an earthen pit about 1 m deep and 2-5 m in both length and width, line it with wide plastic film, put in the wheat straw, sprinkle the lime powder evenly layer by layer, then lay another layer of plastic film on the topmost layer, and pile soil or straw stalks around it to make it concave, then pour in water so that all the wheat straw is submerged in water; soak for 24 hours and it will be thoroughly soaked. Dissolve the urea in water and spray it on the mixture of wheat bran, superphosphate, and gypsum powder. After the wheat straw is thoroughly soaked, take it out; there is no need to drain it, and it can be mixed well with the above mixture, then dissolve the edible mushroom three-dimensional nutrient essence in 1.5 kg of water, spray it on the above mixed material, mixing while spraying, and it is ready when evenly mixed.

V. Bed loading, material spreading, and spawning

The cultivation bed base should be irrigated in advance to allow water to permeate; before spreading material, first broadcast a layer of spawn, with the sowing amount about 30% of the total spawn amount, spread the base material to a thickness of 20 cm, press slightly firm, broadcast a layer of equal amount of spawn on the surface, then cover with a layer of plastic film, but do not press it down. Best to insert 1 wooden stick about 30 cm high every 30 cm or so on the bed base to prop up the plastic film, so as to increase the oxygen content inside the film. According to the shed temperature and the spawn-running condition, after 5 days add another layer of base material about 20 cm thick, press slightly firm, then sow the remaining spawn on the surface of the base material, and then cover with film. After 2 days, remove the plastic film and carry out casing soil; generally the casing soil thickness is about 2 cm, and note that at the edges of the bed base where there is no material, at least 8 cm of casing soil should be applied, making it higher than the working path.

VI. Management during the spawn-running stage

Keep the shed temperature at 28-34°C and the relative humidity inside the shed at about 90%, persist in ventilating in the evening and at night; when the outside temperature is too high, spray water on the straw mats on the shed roof and irrigate the working path to lower the temperature. Every 3 days, spray sterilizing drugs such as Baibingquwuzong solution once on the walls, entrances and exits, ventilation openings, and idle areas until fruiting ends; note that it must not be sprayed directly on the bed surface. Generally after 7 days, buds can appear.

VII. Management during the fruiting stage

Lower the shed temperature as much as possible, keeping it at 30°C, maintain the relative humidity inside the shed at 90%, and it must not be too high; persist in ventilating at night. When the fruiting bodies grow to the size of a small chicken egg and the wrapper is still firm, harvest in time. Note that when harvesting, do not damage the surrounding young mushrooms, and at the same time clean up the mushroom bases and fill in depressions, etc. After harvesting one flush, clean the bed surface and irrigate with 2000-fold edible mushroom three-dimensional nutrient essence, generally using about 3 kg per square meter, and after about 7 days buds can appear again.