Four Disease Prevention and Control Methods for Off-Season Shiitake Mushrooms
For off-season cultivation of shiitake mushrooms, during the high-temperature, high-humidity season from June to September, there are more diseases and contaminant fungi than in winter, but as long as prevention and control measures are appropriate, ideal production results can still be achieved.
Log rot disease: in production, Trichoderma (green mold) usually infects first, then forms cross-infection with multiple fungi. Prevention and control measures: strictly and standardly carry out inoculation operations, and do not let mold spores fall into the substrate. Edible mushroom inoculation purification machines are worth promoting; when inoculating, turn on the purification machine for 5 minutes before operating. The effect is similar to conventional formaldehyde fumigation, and it avoids the possibility of formaldehyde residue and irritation to the human body. During the spawn-running period of the culture or mushroom bags and during the fruiting period, spray the empty areas of the mushroom shed every 5 days with 600-800 times diluted carbendazim, or about 80 times diluted Baibingquwuzong solution, or 10 times diluted strong-effect glutaraldehyde. The preventive effect is relatively ideal, but care should be taken not to spray the medicine directly onto the mushroom bags. After Trichoderma is found, promptly sprinkle Junjuesha powder directly onto the contaminated area, or soak and wash the mushroom bags with a 150 times diluted Junjuesha solution, or dig out the mold spots and other treatments.
Blue mold disease: Penicillium can infect shiitake mushrooms during the spawn-running stage and can cause harm as a pathogen during the fruiting stage. After the mushroom body is infected, the mushroom flesh tissue covered by the mold layer rots, and then rapidly spreads to the surroundings, causing other fruiting bodies and mushroom bags to become infected. For prevention and control measures, refer to the prevention and control of Trichoderma.
Black spot disease: this disease spreads relatively quickly. Once the base of young mushrooms (buttons) is infected by the pathogen, growth stops, and the mushroom body rapidly becomes covered with a black mold layer, causing rot. Infected mushrooms have a slight rotten odor. Prevention and control measures: (1) Remove infected mushroom bags to eliminate opportunities for contagion. (2) Control temperature and humidity, strengthen ventilation, and appropriately lower air humidity. When relative humidity is kept below 80%, this has a certain reducing or inhibiting effect on the occurrence of the disease. (3) After the disease occurs, move the diseased bags out of the shed and continuously spray 50 times diluted Baibingquwuzong solution 2-3 times, or soak and wash for more than 30 minutes, to kill the pathogens on the surface of the mushroom bags; for severely infected ones, soak with 400 times diluted carbendazim, then carry out pile fermentation treatment to use as organic fertilizer.
Shiitake mushroom flat mushroom disease: after the pathogen spores germinate in the shiitake substrate, when conditions are suitable they rapidly form a dominant population and infect the entire mushroom bag. If infection occurs when the shiitake mycelium has grown to about 50%, the two fungi can form an obvious antagonistic line, but due to the natural resistance of the pathogen, it will rapidly form fruiting bodies before the shiitake and inhibit the development and after-ripening of the shiitake mycelium, while also inhibiting the shiitake from fruiting again. Prevention and control measures: (1) Thoroughly clean the environment around the inoculation room, culture room, and fruiting shed; especially old logs, dead wood, tree stumps, and similar materials need to be cleaned up completely. Within a distance of about 30 m around them, spray a mixed solution of 400 times diluted carbendazim and 200 times diluted phenol. When the pathogen base is relatively high, spray 100 times diluted phenol solution inside the mushroom shed, and it can be used only after being sealed for 2 days. (2) Strictly carry out aseptic inoculation operations. Spray medicine once every 5 days in the culture room for sterilization, and 150 times diluted Junjuesha and 200 times diluted phenol can be used alternately. (3) After the disease occurs, move the diseased bags out and burn or deeply bury them. They can also be soaked with 50 times diluted Baibingquwuzong, then crushed and pile-fermented for use as organic fertilizer.