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Key Technical Points for Winter Management of Agaricus bisporus

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In the Yangtze River basin and the northern provinces, such as Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Anhui and other provinces and municipalities as well as the Northeast region, because of the cold winter, the temperature in the mushroom houses is all below 5°C, which is not suitable for mycelial growth; the mycelium is in a dormant state and cannot supply the nutrients needed for fruiting body growth, therefore, mushrooms will not grow either. Generally from late December to early March of the following year, the mushrooms are in the overwintering stage. Doing a good job of overwintering management is a necessary condition for obtaining a high yield of spring mushrooms. (1) Preparatory work before overwintering ① After the autumn mushroom harvest ends, first of all, do a good job of tidying the bed surface

In the Yangtze River basin and the northern provinces, such as Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Anhui and other provinces and municipalities as well as the Northeast region, because of the cold winter, the temperature in the mushroom houses is all below 5°C, which is not suitable for mycelial growth; the mycelium is in a dormant state and cannot supply the nutrients needed for fruiting body growth, therefore, mushrooms will not grow either. Generally from late December to early March of the following year, the mushrooms are in the overwintering stage. Doing a good job of overwintering management is a necessary condition for obtaining a high yield of spring mushrooms.

(1) Preparatory work before overwintering

① After the autumn mushroom harvest ends, first of all, do a good job of tidying the bed surface, pick out old roots and dead mushrooms, add some soil where the mycelium is exposed above the casing layer, and then do one round of reverse-turning.

② Do a good job of keeping the mushroom house warm, plug all leaks, and hang thick curtains on the doors and windows.

(2) Overwintering management

① Temperature: Make full use of the door and window conditions of the mushroom house and the outside temperature conditions to do a good job of keeping the mushroom house warm. Specific method: on sunny days with sufficient sunlight and when the outside temperature is higher than the temperature in the mushroom house, open the south-side doors and windows from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m.; for simple mushroom houses, the straw curtains on both sides can be lifted appropriately to allow outside heat to enter the mushroom house. Where conditions permit, a coal stove with a smoke exhaust pipe or a sawdust stove can be installed in the mushroom house for heating to raise the temperature of the mushroom house.

② Moisture: For the two casing soil materials, fermented soil and fine-mud chaff soil, the method of overwintering wet should be adopted in winter, that is, every 10-15 days, appropriately spray water on the casing layer. Spraying should preferably be done when the outside temperature is higher than the temperature in the mushroom house; well water or lukewarm water of about 20°C can be used for spraying, 0.9-1.35 kg per square meter each time, and water must not be sprayed when the temperature is below 0°C.

③ Air: During the overwintering period of the mycelium, the demand for air is relatively low, and the air regulation of the mushroom house can generally be carried out in combination with the work of keeping the mushroom house warm.

④ Topdressing: In combination with adjusting the water of the casing layer during the overwintering period, some nutrient solution can be sprayed on the casing layer to increase the nutrition of the mycelium in the casing layer. A 0.1%-0.2% urea solution can be used as the topdressing liquid.

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