Introduction to the Characteristics and Traits of the Jiaoxuan No. 2 Soybean Variety

Jiaoxuan No. 2 fresh soybean is an excellent spring soybean variety bred by Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Through trial planting and demonstration, this variety has shown stable traits, good uniformity, evenly distributed pod setting, white pubescence and wide pods, plump seeds, and a high proportion of three-seed pods. Compared with Taiwan 75, when sown at the same time, it comes to market 10 d earlier, has good economic benefits, and is deeply favored by farmers.

I. Characteristics and Traits

Jiaoxuan No. 2 soybean belongs to the early-maturing spring soybean varieties, with a spring sowing growth period of 75--80 d. Determinate pod-setting habit, plant height 50--60 cm, well-developed root system, thick and strong stems, lodging resistance, ovate leaves, red stems, light purplish-red flowers, white pubescence, 25 pods per plant, light yellow seed coat, light brown hilum, slight luster, 100-seed weight 35 g, fresh pods green, good color, clear sweet taste, good palatability. Suitable for fresh sales and processing.

II. Key Cultivation Points

1. Reasonable crop rotation After the area of fresh soybean expands, continuous cropping area increases, causing soil nutrient imbalance, severe root diseases and insect pests, weakened nodule nitrogen fixation capacity, reduced plant stress resistance, and affecting quality and yield. Water-dryland rotation should be advocated, or planting in rotation with crops such as melons and vegetables.

2. Timely early sowing Jiaoxuan No. 2 soybean has a short growth period and is suitable for double-film cultivation in early spring greenhouses and small arch sheds. The sowing period can be from mid-February to mid-March, and fresh pods are generally harvested and marketed in mid-May. Open-field direct sowing cultivation is generally sown around Qingming, covered with plastic film after sowing, and the film is broken when 60% of the cotyledons emerge through the soil.

3. Reasonable close planting Jiaoxuan No. 2 belongs to an early-maturing variety. Generally, 15,000--22,000 plants are planted per 667 sq m, with a row spacing of 30 cm, a hill spacing of 15--20 cm, and 2 plants per hill.

4. Fertilizer and water management Fresh soybean likes fertilizer, so sufficient base fertilizer should be applied, and organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be added. Generally, 2000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 50 kg of superphosphate are applied per 667 sq m. During the pod-setting stage, one topdressing of NPK compound fertilizer is applied, 15 kg per 667 sq m, and foliar fertilizer can also be applied.

5. Field management After emergence, check seedlings and fill gaps in time. For seedling raising and transplanting, shorten the seedling age as much as possible. Before row closure, do a good job of intertillage, weeding, and ditch clearing. In case of drought during the flowering and podding stage, irrigate furrows with "running horse water" to moisten the soil and promote plump seeds.

6. Pest and disease control During the seedling stage, control cutworms and aphids well; in the later stage, control soybean hawkmoths, pod borers, etc. well, and also do a good job of controlling diseases such as viral diseases and brown spot.

7. Timely harvest Fresh soybean has high commercial requirements. It is best to harvest when the pods are fresh and green and the beans are plump.